Meiosis

results of meiosis in females

-a single cell divides forming 1 viable egg and 3 polar bodies -each of the 4 new cells contain 23 chromosomes, half the number of the original parent cell -the polar bodies will be absorbed by the cell

results of meiosis in males

-a single cell divides forming 4 sperm cells -each new cell contains 23 chromosomes, half the number of the original parent cell

gamete egg

also called the egg or ova, the female gamete is made in the ovaries in a process known as oogenesis, the nucleus of the egg contains 23 chromosomes, all ova are produced before the female is born

after meiosis, why is it important for the egg and sperm cell to have only 23 chromosomes and not 46?

because when the sperm and egg join during sexual reproduction each contributes to a new individual so 23 from the sperm and 23 from the egg will equal 46 chromosomes in the new individual

interphase

before meiosis begins, genetic material is replicated during interphase, this DNA replication is similar to interphase during mitosis

telophase 2

cell division is complete, four haploid daughter cells are formed, each cell having 1/2 the genetic information of the parent cell

meiosis

cell division that allows for genetic diversity in sexually reproducing species, results in the production of gametes

anaphase 2

centromeres divide and sister chromatids separate and move to each pole

prophase 1

chromatin condense, each chromosome consists of 2 closely associated sister chromatids, crossing-over can occur

metaphase 2

chromosomes align at the center of the cell

what is meant by DNA replication?

copying

what is the name of the female sex cell?

eggs

eggs

female gametes (sex cells)

each division undergoes how many distinct stages

four distinct stages

metaphase 1

homologous chromosomes align at the center

anaphase 1

homologous pairs separate with sister chromatids remaining together

where are eggs produced

in the ovaries

how many nuclear divisions does meiosis involve

it involves 2 successive divisions

gametes

male and female sex cells

sperm

male gametes (sex cells)

name one way in which meiosis is different from mitosis

meiosis produces 4 daughter cells and mitosis produces only 2 daughter cells.

what is the process called in which the egg and sperm join?

sexual reproduction

what is the name of the male sex cell?

sperm

male gametes

sperm, produced in the male testes during puberty, all sperm contain 23 chromosomes in the process called spermatogenesis, pubescent males will produce sperm throughout their lifetime

where are sperm produced

the male testes

telophase 1

two daughter cells are formed with each daughter cell containing only one chromosome of the homologous pair

fertilization

when an egg and sperm unite during the process of sexual reproduction, a new individual forms, this individual will carry genetic information from both the father and mother

the process of meiosis

when the egg and sperm are formed with each new cell containing 1/2 the number of chromosomes as the original cell

prophase 2

DNA does not replicate

how many chromosomes each are there in the nucleus of the egg and sperm

23 chromosomes

at the end of meiosis, how many daughter cells are present/

4 new sex cells