Meninges, etc.

barrier between the vascular space (plasma) & the CNS ECF

BBB

lymphatic system for CNS

CSF

production not influenced by blood pressure pressure of CSF within ventricles

CSF

CSF is reabsorbed into venous blood at

arachnoid granulations

passive dependent on pressure gradient (CSF > Venous) one way

arachnoid granulations

passive one way valves allow CSF to cross into venous blood which is lower pressure exist in venous sinuses

arachnoid granulations

extensions of the arachnoid that pole through the dura mater and extend into dural sinuses

arachnoid trabeculations

how is the arachnoid layer connected to the pia mater

arachnoid trabeculations

the two vertebral arteries come together to form

basilar a.

physiological barrier between intravascular space & CNS ECF astrocyte end feet surround endothelial capillaries to form tight junctions so they are no longer leaky

blood brain barrier

barrier between the vascular space (plasma) and the CSF

blood-CSF barrier

what makes up the choroid plexus

capillaries + connective tissue + simple cuboidal epithelium

feeds the occipital lobe of the cerebrum

caudal cerebral a.

cord of connective tissue extending past the end of the spinal cord

caudal ligament

feeds the grey matter of the spinal cord branch of ventral spinal a.

central branch a.

pool of CSF behind the cerebellum

cerebellomedullary cistern

where do you collect CSF from in small animals

cerebellomedullary cistern

where do you collect CSF from in large animals

cerebellomedullary cistern or lumbar cistern

CSF is continuously produced through active secretions by

choroid plexus

capillaries + connective tissue + simple cuboidal epithelium (faces CSF inside ventricle continuous with ependyma) endothelium here is leaky (no astrocytes in choroid plexus) but you still needs a barrier between blood and CSF so we have tight junctions between epithelial cells

choroid plexus

surrounds optic nn/chiasm & pituitary on base of brain

circle of willis

what is the tip of the spinal cord called

conus medullaris

Through the length of the vertebral canal, the pia mater is modified at regular intervals into fine extensions that leave the lateral surface of the cord and attached to the overlying arachnoid/dura. The _____________ arise from the cord between the dorsal and ventral rootlets and make their attachments with overlying meninges approximately halfway between adjacent spinal nerves.

denticulate (dentate) ligaments

structures surrounding the pituitary gland

diaphragma sellae cavernous sinus

sinus and dural reflection on the longitudinal fissure

dorsal sagittal sinus falx cerebri

most superficial thick, collagenous tissue follows spinal nerves out and becomes continuous with epineurium attached by fibroblasts to arachnoid

dura mater

create broad dividing sheets within the braincase and help reduce mass movements

dural reflections

decrease movements of the brain

dural reflections

fat filled _______ space superficial to dura outside dura mater, inside spinal cord

epidural

extension of the pia mater past the conus medullaris

filum terrmanali

what can pass through the BBB

gasses (O2, CO2) lipid soluble substances substances with specific transporters

when the ventricular system in the brain is dilated (pathologic)

hydrocephalus

how the lateral ventricle and 3rd ventricle communicate

interventricular foramen

how does CSF get to subarachnoid space

lateral apertures of 4th ventricle

high osmotic pressure of blood = ____ CSF

low

best place to take CSF from spinal cord

lumbar cistern

inner layer of the cranial dura mater

meningeal layer

supplies lateral side of cerebral cortex goes next to piriform lobe

middle cerebral a.

what is CSF production influenced by

osmotic pressure of blood

outer layer of the cranial dura mater attached to the inside of the cranium

periosteal layer

deepest layer, firmly attached to underlying nervous tissue fine collagenous & elastic fibers follows grooves & depressions, surrounds individual nerve roots

pia mater

epidural space in the brain is ________

potential

subdural space is _________

potential

intracranial parts of ICA modified into ______ extracranial parts of ICA disappear after birth (branches from maxillary a. supply it)

rete mirabile

feeds middle of cerebrum

rostral cerebral a.

where the two lateral ventricles communicate on midline

septum pellucidum

lumbar, intercostal, vertebral, median sacral come off aorta the branch is called _____ this branches even further into _____

spinal branch radicular branches

how is the arachnoid layer separated from the pia mater

subarachnoid space

where is CSF stored

subarachnoid space

you want to collect from the __________ when collecting CSF

subarachnoid space

created by the edges of the tentorium space by which the brainstem passes through does not stretch so anything causing increased pressure the brain will herniate through this notch

tentorial notch

structures at the transverse fissure

tentorium cerebelli transverse sinuses straight sinus

where does the spinal cord end in dogs and cats

the body of L7

how CSF gets to subarachnoid space

through the lateral apertures

vertebral a. goes through the __________ and eventually through the __________ in the atlas

transverse foramen lateral vertebral foramen

internal carotid a. forms an anastomotic circle on the ____ side of the brain

ventral

main blood supply of spinal cord (esp. grey matter)

ventral spinal a.

what is the arterial blood supply to the brain

vertebral aa. internal carotid aa.