Meninges, etc.
barrier between the vascular space (plasma) & the CNS ECF
BBB
lymphatic system for CNS
CSF
production not influenced by blood pressure pressure of CSF within ventricles
CSF
CSF is reabsorbed into venous blood at
arachnoid granulations
passive dependent on pressure gradient (CSF > Venous) one way
arachnoid granulations
passive one way valves allow CSF to cross into venous blood which is lower pressure exist in venous sinuses
arachnoid granulations
extensions of the arachnoid that pole through the dura mater and extend into dural sinuses
arachnoid trabeculations
how is the arachnoid layer connected to the pia mater
arachnoid trabeculations
the two vertebral arteries come together to form
basilar a.
physiological barrier between intravascular space & CNS ECF astrocyte end feet surround endothelial capillaries to form tight junctions so they are no longer leaky
blood brain barrier
barrier between the vascular space (plasma) and the CSF
blood-CSF barrier
what makes up the choroid plexus
capillaries + connective tissue + simple cuboidal epithelium
feeds the occipital lobe of the cerebrum
caudal cerebral a.
cord of connective tissue extending past the end of the spinal cord
caudal ligament
feeds the grey matter of the spinal cord branch of ventral spinal a.
central branch a.
pool of CSF behind the cerebellum
cerebellomedullary cistern
where do you collect CSF from in small animals
cerebellomedullary cistern
where do you collect CSF from in large animals
cerebellomedullary cistern or lumbar cistern
CSF is continuously produced through active secretions by
choroid plexus
capillaries + connective tissue + simple cuboidal epithelium (faces CSF inside ventricle continuous with ependyma) endothelium here is leaky (no astrocytes in choroid plexus) but you still needs a barrier between blood and CSF so we have tight junctions between epithelial cells
choroid plexus
surrounds optic nn/chiasm & pituitary on base of brain
circle of willis
what is the tip of the spinal cord called
conus medullaris
Through the length of the vertebral canal, the pia mater is modified at regular intervals into fine extensions that leave the lateral surface of the cord and attached to the overlying arachnoid/dura. The _____________ arise from the cord between the dorsal and ventral rootlets and make their attachments with overlying meninges approximately halfway between adjacent spinal nerves.
denticulate (dentate) ligaments
structures surrounding the pituitary gland
diaphragma sellae cavernous sinus
sinus and dural reflection on the longitudinal fissure
dorsal sagittal sinus falx cerebri
most superficial thick, collagenous tissue follows spinal nerves out and becomes continuous with epineurium attached by fibroblasts to arachnoid
dura mater
create broad dividing sheets within the braincase and help reduce mass movements
dural reflections
decrease movements of the brain
dural reflections
fat filled _______ space superficial to dura outside dura mater, inside spinal cord
epidural
extension of the pia mater past the conus medullaris
filum terrmanali
what can pass through the BBB
gasses (O2, CO2) lipid soluble substances substances with specific transporters
when the ventricular system in the brain is dilated (pathologic)
hydrocephalus
how the lateral ventricle and 3rd ventricle communicate
interventricular foramen
how does CSF get to subarachnoid space
lateral apertures of 4th ventricle
high osmotic pressure of blood = ____ CSF
low
best place to take CSF from spinal cord
lumbar cistern
inner layer of the cranial dura mater
meningeal layer
supplies lateral side of cerebral cortex goes next to piriform lobe
middle cerebral a.
what is CSF production influenced by
osmotic pressure of blood
outer layer of the cranial dura mater attached to the inside of the cranium
periosteal layer
deepest layer, firmly attached to underlying nervous tissue fine collagenous & elastic fibers follows grooves & depressions, surrounds individual nerve roots
pia mater
epidural space in the brain is ________
potential
subdural space is _________
potential
intracranial parts of ICA modified into ______ extracranial parts of ICA disappear after birth (branches from maxillary a. supply it)
rete mirabile
feeds middle of cerebrum
rostral cerebral a.
where the two lateral ventricles communicate on midline
septum pellucidum
lumbar, intercostal, vertebral, median sacral come off aorta the branch is called _____ this branches even further into _____
spinal branch radicular branches
how is the arachnoid layer separated from the pia mater
subarachnoid space
where is CSF stored
subarachnoid space
you want to collect from the __________ when collecting CSF
subarachnoid space
created by the edges of the tentorium space by which the brainstem passes through does not stretch so anything causing increased pressure the brain will herniate through this notch
tentorial notch
structures at the transverse fissure
tentorium cerebelli transverse sinuses straight sinus
where does the spinal cord end in dogs and cats
the body of L7
how CSF gets to subarachnoid space
through the lateral apertures
vertebral a. goes through the __________ and eventually through the __________ in the atlas
transverse foramen lateral vertebral foramen
internal carotid a. forms an anastomotic circle on the ____ side of the brain
ventral
main blood supply of spinal cord (esp. grey matter)
ventral spinal a.
what is the arterial blood supply to the brain
vertebral aa. internal carotid aa.
