Merchant of Venice: Exam (short answer) Study Guide

Read the following passage Bassanio says to Antonio (17) and answer questions: In my school-days, when I had lost one shaft, I shot his fellow of the self-same flight The self-same way with more advised watch, To find the other forth, and by adventuring both I oft found both: I urge this childhood proof, Because what follows is pure innocence. I owe you much, and, like a wilful youth, That which I owe is lost; but if you please To shoot another arrow that self way Which you did shoot the first, I do not doubt, As I will watch the aim, or to find both Or bring your latter hazard back again And thankfully rest debtor for the first.

1. Bassanio is explaining his plan to: • A. Win an archery contest • B. Hazard his youth • C. Get rid of his debt • D. Relive his school days

During the trial scene, Graziano mentions Pythagoras' theory of the "transmigration of souls," i.e. reincarnation, which goes against the Christian belief of the sanctity of souls. Here are his words to Shylock; put them in the order that makes best sense: Thou almost makest me waver in my faith To hold opinion with Pythagoras, That souls of animals infuse themselves Into the trunks of men: thy currish spirit Govern'd a wolf, who, hang'd for human slaughter, Even from the gallows did his fell soul fleet, And, whilst thou lay'st in thy unhallow'd dam, Infused itself in thee; for thy desires Are wolvish, bloody, starved and ravenous. That they make me doubt my own Christian beliefs While you were still inside the belly of your unholy pregnant mother And that this wolf's soul infused itself into your body, I believe that the wolf's soul left this wolf, Your desires are so wolf-like, blood-thirsty, starved and ravenou

2. That they make me doubt my own Christian beliefs 8. While you were still inside the belly of your unholy pregnant mother 7. And that this wolf's soul infused itself into your body, 5. I believe that the wolf's soul left this wolf, 1. Your desires are so wolf-like, blood-thirsty, starved and ravenous 6. Even while his body was being hanged in the gallows 4. A wolf that killed a human being and thus was hanged for it. 3. I believe that your soul began originally in a wolf,

Antonio offers a reason why the legal system must honor the bond. Put Antonio's lines in the order that makes the most sense in contemporary English: The duke cannot deny the course of law: For the commodity that strangers have With us in Venice, if it be denied, Will much impeach the justice of his state: Since that the trade and profit of the city Consisteth of all nations. Consequently, trade and profits in Venice would fall apart. The Duke cannot deny this course of legal action; Then the Duke would undermine Venice's legal practices, i.e. Justice All people trading in Venice, especially strangers, would stop trading; If the Duke were to interfere with the legal contract And If Justice were undermined

6. Consequently, trade and profits in Venice would fall apart. 1. The Duke cannot deny this course of legal action; 3. Then the Duke would undermine Venice's legal practices, i.e. Justice 5. All people trading in Venice, especially strangers, would stop trading; 2. If the Duke were to interfere with the legal contract 4. And If Justice were undermined

Quiz 2: Act 2&3: #1: In Act 2, scene 1: The Prince of Morocco describes how sometimes the better man does not get the prize, but rather the lucky one does. Here is his speech; put it in an order (below) that makes sense to you. Remember, Hercules is a very strong man, and Lychas is his lowly servant: If Hercules and Lychas play at dice Which is the better man, the greater throw May turn by fortune from the weaker hand: So is Alcides beaten by his page; And so may I, blind fortune leading me, Miss that which one unworthier may attain, And die with grieving. 10 points ♥Saved 6. > and an unworthier person may attain the award instead of me 3. the weaker man may be lucky and throw the better role of the dice. 1. * When Hercules and Lychas play at dice [game of luck] 2. in order to determine who is the better man between the two of them 5. • I might miss the award because blind Fortune had other plans for me 4. In th

6. and an unworthier person may attain the award instead of me 3. the weaker man may be lucky and throw the better role of the dice. 1. When Hercules and Lychas play at dice [game of luck] 2. in order to determine who is the better man between the two of them 5. I might miss the award because blind Fortune had other plans for me 4. In the same way that Hercules (Alcides) is beaten by his page [servant]

Anti-Semitism: The video about anti-semitism discusses both Shylock and Jessica. Choose all the evidence below (there are more than one) that indicates how Jessica is viewed negatively because she is Jewish.

A. Launcelot Gobbo tells her she is damned because she is a Jew therefore be of good cheer, for truly I think you are damned. B. Graziano suggests Lorenzo has lost interest in Jessica, because she is Jewish who riseth from a feast With that keen appetite that he sits down? C. Lorenzo doubts his own ability to judge whether she is wise and true, when he says: Beshrew me but I love her heartily; For she is wise, if I can judge of her, And fair she is, if that mine eyes be true, D. Jessica reveals how people also spit on her and called her "dog," just like her father, when she is out in public And spit upon my Jewish gaberdine, E. Portia seems disgusted when she meets Jessica, until she learns Jessica will convert: Until her husband and my lord's return: There is a monastery two miles off;

Antonio disagrees with Shylock's explanation of Jacob breeding sheep and rams (p. 33, Act 1.3); match his language to literary/ sound devices: This was a venture, sir, that Jacob served for; A thing not in his power to bring to pass, But sway'd and fashion'd by the hand of heaven. Was this inserted to make interest good? Or is your gold and silver ewes and rams? 1. hand of heaven 2. Or is your gold and silver ewes and rams 3. interest, venture, gold 4. make interest good A. metaphor, making comparison between money and creatures B. pun: two meanings of the word - 1) acceptable and 2) moral C. alliteration, implying divine work D. diction: words having same connotation, i.e. pertain to money

Alliteration, implying divine work: C. - hand of heaven Metaphor, making comparison between money and creatures: A. - Or is your gold and silver ewes and rams Diction: words having same connotation, i.e. pertain to money: D. - interest, venture, gold Pun: two meanings of the word - 1) acceptable and 2) moral: B. - make interest good

Match the character to the line he/ she says: * I hold the world but as the world, Gratiano; stage where every man must play a part, And mine a sad one. * By my troth, Nerissa, my little body is aweary of this great world. * All that glisters is not gold ... * The quality of mercy is not strained A. Scroll B. Portia, speaking as Balthazar C. Portia, speaking as herself D. Antonio

Antonio: D. I hold the world but as the world, Gratiano; A stage where every man must play a part, And mine a sad one. Portia, speaking as herself: C. By my troth, Nerissa, my little body is aweary of this great world. Scroll: A. All that glisters is not gold ... Portia, speaking as Balthazar: B. The quality of mercy is not strained

Read the following passage from Act 2, Scene 5; the next three questions pertain to these lines: What, are there masques? Hear you me, Jessica: Lock up my doors; and when you hear the drum And the vile squealing of the wry-neck'd fife, Clamber not you up to the casements [windows] then, Nor thrust your head into the public street To gaze on Christian fools with varnish'd faces, [painted masks] But stop my house's ears, I mean my casements: Let not the sound of shallow foppery enter My sober house. In this passage, Shylock tells his daughter Jessica to do something when she hears music; what is it?

In this passage, Shylock tells his daughter Jessica to do something when she hears music; what is it? • A. close the windows • B. stop up her ears • C. climb upstairs • D. get rid of her fopperty

Match the character speaking with the quoted line: * I am never merry when I hear sweet music. * So shines a good deed in a naughty world. * Hath not a Jew eyes? hath not a Jew hands, organs, dimensions, senses, affections, passions? * I never knew so young a body with so old a head. A. Jessica B. Portia C. Shylock D. Letter, addressed to the Duke of Venice

Jessica: A. I am never merry when I hear sweet music. Portia: B. So shines a good deed in a naughty world. Shylock: C. Hath not a Jew eyes? hath not a Jew hands, organs, dimensions, senses, affections, passions? Letter, addressed to the Duke of Venice: D. I never knew so young a body with so old a head.

Gratiano is a windbag; he talks too much. Read his long speech (page 13) and match the phrases with their literary/ sound devices: Let me play the fool: With mirth and laughter let old wrinkles come, And let my liver rather heat with wine Than my heart cool with mortifying groans. Why should a man, whose blood is warm within, Sit like his grandsire cut in alabaster? Sleep when he wakes and creep into the jaundice By being peevish? | tell thee what, Antonioâ€" I love thee, and it is my love that speaksâ€" There are a sort of men whose visages Do cream and mantle like a standing pond, And do a wilful stillness entertain, With purpose to be dress'd in an opinion Of wisdom, gravity, profound conceit, As who should say 'I am Sir Oracle, And when I ope my lips let no dog bark!' 1 it is my love that speaksâ€" 2 And let my liver rather heat with wine Than my heart cool with mortifying groans.

Personification: A. - it is my love that speaks— Imagery (tactile and auditory): D. - And let my liver rather heat with wine Than my heart cool with mortifying groans. Simile: C. - a sort of men whose visages Do cream and mantle like a standing pond, Allusion to Greek Mythology: B. - As who should say I am Sir Oracle, And when I ope my lips let no dog bark!'

This passage pertains to questions 2 and 3: In Act 3 scene 2, Portia tells Bassanio: I pray you, tarry: pause a day or two Before you hazard; for, in choosing wrong, I lose your company: therefore forbear awhile. There's something tells me, but it is not love, I would not lose you; and you know yourself, Hate counsels not in such a quality. The words "tarry" "pause" and "forbear" all have the same ________.

The words "tarry" "pause" and "forbear" all have the same ________. • A. Imagery • B. Rhythm • C. Alliteration • D. Denotation

The film about anti-semitism in The Merchant of Venice discusses the use of the definite article "the" before the word Jew as marking Shylock as other and alien to the people of Venice.

True False

Jessica offers a phrase (2.6) to cover up her embarrassment about dressing as a boy when she escapes with Lorenzo; she remarks: I am glad 'tis night, you do not look on me, For I am much ashamed of my exchange: But love is blind and lovers cannot see The pretty follies that themselves commit; For if they could, Cupid himself would blush To see me thus transformed to a boy. What figure of speech is she using?

What figure of speech is she using? • A. Simile: Lovers are like foolish people • B. Hyperbole: She exaggerates how silly she feels • C. Metaphor: She is transformed into a boy • D. Personification : Love as a person

In the beginning of Act Ill, Solanio describes Shylock's outburst upon hearing that Jessica has eloped with Lorenzo; what is the sound device used and how does the sound emphasize the sense? I never heard a passion so confused, So strange, outrageous, and so variable, As the dog Jew did utter in the streets: 'My daughter! O my ducats! O my daughter! Fled with a Christian! O my Christian ducats! Justice! the law! my ducats, and my daughter!

• A. Alliteration: the repetition of "d" in "ducats" and "daughter" implies that Shylock cares as much about the theft of his money as the loss of his daughter. • B. Euphony: the melodious sound of "passion" "strange" and "outrageous" indicates how Shylock is hiding his confusion and outrage under a pleasant facade. • C. Alliteration: the repetition of "o" in "so," "confused," and "O" implies how much pain Shylock is in regarding the loss of his money and his family. O D. Assonance: the repetition of the "awe" sound in "daughter" and "dog" and "law" reveals that Shylock is impressed, though saddened, by Jessica's betrayal.

In the video about Act 4, we learn about some rhetorical devices that help the characters to argue more persuasively. What is the best term that applies to this passage? The quality of mercy is not strain'd, It droppeth as the gentle rain from heaven Upon the place beneath: it is twice blest; It blesseth him that gives and him that takes: Tis mightiest in the mightiest: it becomes The throned monarch better than his crown; His sceptre shows the force of temporal power, The attribute to awe and majesty, Wherein doth sit the dread and fear of kings; But mercy is above this sceptred sway; It is enthroned in the hearts of kings, It is an attribute to God himself;

• A. Anaphora: the repetition of initial phrases • B. Epistrophe - the repetition of a word at the end of a clause, or sentence • C. Personification: human-like attributes applied to a inanimate object • D. Antanagoge - the balancing of good things against bad things

Antonio offers a speech to his friends, telling them to stop arguing with Shylock. What is the best analytical description of the literary devices in this speech? I pray you, think you question with the Jew: You may as well go stand upon the beach And bid the main flood bate his usual height; You may as well use question with the wolf Why he hath made the ewe bleat for the lamb; You may as well forbid the mountain pines To wag their high tops and to make no noise, When they are fretten with the gusts of heaven; You may as well do anything most hard, As seek to soften that--than which what's harder?-- His Jewish heart:

• A. Antonio offers natural imagery in order to compare the impossibility of changing the course of nature to changing the natural cruelty of Shylock's Jewish nature •B. Antonio offers hyperbolic imagery to demonstrate that just like nature's extreme behaviors, Shylock will persist in his extreme, hard-hearted request. • C. Antonio offers animal imagery to show that the savagery of nature is like the hard-hearted and cruel nature of Shylock's request • D. Antonio offers examples of personification to show that nature is more easy to reason with than Shylock

In passage 1, what two things are being compared?

• A. Arrows and lost love • B. His school days to his present life • C. Arrows and borrowed money • D. Hazard to arrow shafts

In Act 3 - the midpoint -- two turning points occur: one triumphant, the other tragic. What are they?

• A. Bassanio arrives at Belmont with a lot of fanfare; he discovers Portia's true self • B. Portia accepts Bassanio's hand in marriage; then realizes he has no money O C. Bassanio answers the riddle correctly; but discovers Portia is promised to another man • D. Bassanio chooses successfully; then receives a letter about Antonio's fortunes

Shylock describes his case to the Duke; his words (below) can best be described as: And by our holy Sabbath have I sworn To have the due and forfeit of my bond: If you deny it, let the danger light Upon your charter and your city's freedom. You'll ask me, why I rather choose to have A weight of carrion flesh than to receive Three thousand ducats: I'll not answer that: But, say, it is my humour: is it answer'd?

• A. Cacaphonous, with alliterative "" sounds, emphasizing his anger • B. Cacaphonous, with assonance on the "d" sounds, emphasizing his arrogance • C. Euphonious, with alliterative "ch" sounds, emphasizing his sadness • D. Auditory imagery, with his swearing on the Sabbath

Lorenzo talks to Jessica about the beautiful music they hear. What would be the best device to describe his language How sweet the moonlight sleeps upon this bank! Here will we sit and let the sounds of music Creep in our ears: soft stillness and the night Become the touches of sweet harmony.

• A. Connotation: The word sweet can mean pleasant and also sugary-tasting • B. Simile: moonlight is compared to a sleeping person • C. Alliteration of "s" and "sh" sounds supports his discussion of melodious music • D. Apostrophe: Music is directly addressed by Lorenzo

The film mentions the disproportionate effect of describing Portia as "richly left" and "fair" -- when really we discover that she is:

• A. Even-tempered, thoughtful, and humorous • B. Melancholy, passive, and hopeless • C. Discerning, highly intelligent, and virtuous • D. Sardonic, wicked, and mischievous

When Bassanio tells Antonio about Portia, he describes her golden hair and states that "many Jasons come in quest of her" (13). Later, Portia complains to Nerissa, "If I live to be as old as Sibylla, I will die as chaste as Diana," (25). What device do they both use?

• A. Imagery • B. Allusion • C. Understatement/ Litotes • D. Euphony

The opening scene of Act 5 between Lorenzo and Jessica begins romantically, but there is a deep sense of unease. What gives the scene this quality of mistrust?

• A. Jessica asks Lorenzo if he was involved in the harm done to her father •B. Lorenzo makes anti-semitic remarks to Jessica • C. Jessica and Lorenzo question why Bassanio left Portia so soon after marrying her • D. Jessica and Lorenzo discuss stories about unfaithful lovers

In Antonio's parting lines to Bassanio, he tries to relieve his anxiety by saying his dying now is for the best. Which figure of speech applies and what does Antonio mean? Give me your hand, Bassanio: fare you well! Grieve not that I am fallen to this for you; For herein Fortune shows herself more kind Than is her custom: it is still her use To let the wretched man outlive his wealth, To view with hollow eye and wrinkled brow An age of poverty; from which lingering penance Of such misery doth she cut me off.

• A. Metaphor: Antonio does not know which is worse, and compares being an unhealthy, sick man to being a poor man • B. Personification: Fortune is allowing Antonio to die before his money runs out and he has to live impoverished • C. Metaphor: Fortune is being compared to a wretched man who loses all of his money and looks empty and hollow • D. Personification: Fortune knows Antonio is wretched and thus kills him before Bassanio can know the truth

This question pertains to the passage in #5: Shylock describes his house using what poetic device (1. 7)?

• A. Personification • B. Euphony • C. Hyperbole • D. Assonance

Portia's famous "quality of mercy" speech to Shylock is powerful for a number of reasons, one of which is her ability to make the abstract quality of mercy concrete. How does she do this? Check ALL the reasons that apply. The quality of mercy is not strain'd, It droppeth as the gentle rain from heaven Upon the place beneath: it is twice blest; It blesseth him that gives and him that takes: 'Tis mightiest in the mightiest: it becomes The throned monarch better than his crown; His sceptre shows the force of temporal power, The attribute to awe and majesty, Wherein doth sit the dread and fear of kings; But mercy is above this sceptred sway; It is enthroned in the hearts of kings, It is an attribute to God himself;

• A. Personification: She compares mercy and Kings, showing how mercy can behave like a human • B. Metaphor: She compares mercy to rain, especially rain from heaven • C. Simile: She compares mercy to a King's crown, and says mercy is better, because it holds more power • D. Imagery: She gives a visual image of mercy sitting inside Kings' hearts, on a throne

In Act 3, Shylock visits the Duke of Venice to declare that Antonio is bankrupt and must pay his pound of flesh. The Duke tries to convince him to forgive the loan, but Shylock inists. Determine the figure of speech in Shylock's lines to the Duke: I'll have my bond; speak not against my bond: I have sworn an oath that I will have my bond. Thou call'dst me dog before thou hadst a cause; But, since I am a dog, beware my fangs:

• A. Personification: Shylock has teeth that are like a dogs • B. Metaphor: Shylock is a dog • C. Simile: Shylock is like a dog • D. Apostrophe: Shylock directly addresses the Duke

In this passage where Bassanio reveals how Antonio borrowed money for him, find the figure of speech: I have engaged myself to a dear friend, Engaged my friend to his mere enemy, To feed my means. Here is a letter, lady; The paper as the body of my friend, And every word in it a gaping wound, Issuing life-blood.

• A. Personification: The letter speaks for Antonio and describes his worries about his body and his wounds • B. Metaphor: Antonio's letter represents his body (that is, himself) and his words are his soon-to-be wounds • C. Metaphor: Antonio's letter to Bassanio tells him about his debt that is due, and that he is bleeding money • D. Simile: Antonio is described as engaged to Shylock as a man is engaged to a woman: forever

After Bassanio correctly guesses the casket, Portia gives him a ring, and says the following lines: I give them with this ring; Which when you part from, lose, or give away, Let it presage the ruin of your love And be my vantage to exclaim on you. According to the video, why does she say this to him?

• A. Portia wishes to explain the terms of their marital agreement •B. Portia is only half serious when she delivers these lines • C. Portia wants to test his loyalty to her • D. Portia wants Bassanio to know the value of the rings

The last line Shylock speaks in the entire play is "I am content." Considering the moment when it occurs, at the end of the trial, what is the best summary of his tone?

• A. Stricken and humiliated from his great losses • B. Pleased with himself for almost getting his revenge • C. Remorseful and apologetic from having done others wrong • D. Sarcastic and irritated with the court system

In this same passage, Portia states a paradox. What most closely is her meaning? I pray you, tarry: pause a day or two Before you hazard; for, in choosing wrong, I lose your company: therefore forbear awhile. There's something tells me, but it is not love, I would not lose you; and you know yourself, Hate counsels not in such a quality.

• A. You yourself well know what lies within me: hate or love. • B. Hatred for others, as you well know, is not a good advisor to follow. • C. My love for you, although I cannot admit it, cannot tolerate your departure. • D. Something within me does not love you, but does not hate you either.

In passage 6, this is an example of alliteration:

• A. fools, faces, foppery - implies Shylock's criticism of Christians •B. drum, fife, sound = words that all pertain to music • C. masques, faces, heads = connects connotation of words • D. doors, casements, house -- words that describe his the house

At the end of Act 3, Portia tells Nerissa that they shall disguise themselves as men. She shares her plan in the following lines. Focus on her imagery -- what kind of images does she use to make fun of men? Choose ALL that apply, as there is more than one answer. I'll hold thee any wager, When we are both accoutred like young men, I'll prove the prettier fellow of the two, And wear my dagger with the braver grace, And speak between the change of man and boy With a reed voice, and turn two mincing steps Into a manly stride, and speak of frays Like a fine bragging youth, and tell quaint lies, How honourable ladies sought my love, Which I denying, they fell sick and died;

• A. visual: prove the prettier fellow • B. kinesthetic: turn two mincing steps into a manly stride • C. olfactory: they fell sick and died • D. auditory: speak... with a reed voice • E. tactile: honorable ladies sought my love

In Act 3, Scene 2, as Portia waits for Bassanio to choose the correct casket, she describes how she feels: Now he goes, With no less presence, but with much more love, Than young Alcides, when he did redeem The virign tribute paid by howling Troy To the sea-monster: I stand for sacrifice The rest aloof are the Dardanian wives, With bleared visages, come forth to view The issue of the exploit. What device is she using?

• Allusion - reference to Greek mythology • Simile -- comparing herself to other wives • Personification - use of sea monster • Understatement -- she understates the tension she feels

Shylock (p. 29) has an aside -- a comment he makes to himself and to the audience about Antonio. CHECK ALL the reasons for which Shylock wants revenge? [Aside] How like a fawning publican he looks! I hate him for he is a Christian, But more for that in low simplicity He lends out money gratis and brings down The rate of usance here with us in Venice. If I can catch him once upon the hip, I will feed fat the ancient grudge I bear him. He hates our sacred nation, and he rails, Even there where merchants most do congregate, On me, my bargains and my well-won thrift, Which he calls interest. Cursed be my tribe, If I forgive him!

• Antonio complains publically and loudly about Shylock's practice of charging interest • Antonio is Christian, and Christians have historically harmed Jews • Antonio is really simple minded and very sad • Antonio's practice of lending money for free makes it hard for Shylock to charge interest

The term "dramatic irony" means that the audience knows more than the characters do. When Nerissa says the following line about the missing ring, what knowledge does the audience have that Bassanio and Gratiano lack? You should have been respective and have kept it. Gave it a judge's clerk! no, God's my judge, The clerk will ne'er wear hair on's face that had it.

• Bassanio and Gratiano gave their rings to two clerks who will never grow beards -- because they are women • Bassanio and Gratiano did not really give the rings to a judge, but to the Duke of Venice • BAssanio and Gratiano gave their rings away because they did not truly respect their wives' oaths

Portia and Nerissa chat about her various suitors. Looking at Portia's description of the French Lord, Monsieur Le Bon (23), CHECK ALL the reasons she does not like the man: God made him, and therefore let him pass for a man. In truth, I know it is a sin to be a mocker: but, he! why, he hath a horse better than the Neapolitan's, a better bad habit of frowning than the Count Palatine; he is every man in no man; if a throstle sing, he falls straight a capering: he will fence with his own shadow: if I should marry him, I should marry twenty husbands. If he would despise me I would forgive him, for if he love me to madness, I shall never requite him.

• He has no fixed identity; he tries to do too many things • He lacks talent at fencing or capering • He despises the sound of birds singing • He comes from a large family of 20 brothers • He is hyper-active (singing, dancing, fencing all the time)

According to the video clip, Antonio's internal conflict is most clearly expressed by:

• He wants to help Bassanio, but might also lose him to Portia • He is deeply in love with Bassanio, but cannot express it publically • He is a wealthy man, but is humiliated when he has to borrow money from Shylock • He wants to help Bassanio, but he also wants to humiliate Shylock

In the passage where Lorenzo talks to Jessica about music, he is sincere when he states that we should not trust people who are not emotionally moved by music. What is his reason? The man that hath no music in himself, Nor is not moved with concord of sweet sounds, Is fit for treasons, stratagems and spoils; The motions of his spirit are dull as night And his affections dark as Erebus: Let no such man be trusted.

• Lorenzo connects musical sensitivity to feelings of harmony with and empathy for others; lacking these qualities, people freely cheat and steal • Lorenzo suggests that certain kinds of people can be hypnotized by music into doing immoral actions, like betrayal and theft, which they would not do otherwise • Lorenzo states that if a man has no music in himself, he cannot move in rhythm with other people and is dull, boring, and dark.

Choose a possible reason for the ring trick that Portia plays at the end of the play (according to the film):

• Portia wants everyone to appreciate how clever she is • Portia wants to establish her power and Bassanio's loyalty in the relationship • Portia wants the men to be grateful to her for saving Antonio's life • Portia only recently met Bassanio and does not know if he can be trusted

Portia, arriving back at Belmont with Nerissa, sees a candle burning in her house, to light their way home. Between what two objects is she drawing a comparison? PORTIA That light we see is burning in my hall. How far that little candle throws his beams! NERISSA When the moon shone, we did not see the candle. PORTIA So doth the greater glory dim the less: A substitute shines brightly as a king Unto the king be by, and then his state Empties itself, as doth an inland brook Into the main of waters.

• The little candle and its beams are compared to a brook and the mainland waters • The little candle and the moon is compared to a substitute (subordinate) and the King • The little candle and its beam are compared to the moon and its moon shine

When Portia sees Bassanio again at Belmont, she makes a joke, playing with words. What is another way to describe her word play? Let me give light, but let me not be light; For a light wife doth make a heavy husband, And never be Bassanio so for me: But God sort all! You are welcome home, my lord.

• The word "light" has several connotations: luminosity and also sexually unchaste • The word "light" has multiple images, light colored and light weight • The word "light" is first used concretely, then in the abstract

Portia's line, "If I live to be as old as Sibylla, I will die as chaste as Diana," could also be considered:

• hyperbole • alliteration • onomatopoeia • personification

What literary devices are found in Salanio's lines to Antonio (p. 9) in discussing Antonio's ship, the Andrew? I should not see the sandy hour-glass run, But I should think of shallows and of flats, And see my wealthy Andrew dock'd in sand, Vailing her high-top lower than her ribs To kiss her burial.

• metaphor (sandy hour glass), then personification (burial) • metaphor (ribs for cross-bars of the ship), then personification (kiss) • imagery (shallows and flats), then personification (Andrew), then paradox (kiss her burial) • personification (hour glass run), then hyperbole (kiss her burial)

In the following passage, between Bassanio and Portia, Portia plays with words (again); try to figure out what each term "bound" means; BASSANIO I thank you, madam. Give welcome to my friend. This is the man, this is Antonio, To whom I am so infinitely bound. PORTIA You should in all sense be much bound to him. For, as I hear, he was much bound for you.

• to be loyal / to be obligated/ to be contractually committed • to be tied to another / to be guaranteed / to enclose or restrict O to be in debt to/ to run with leaping strides/ to move in the direction of