MGMT 304 Chapter 2

What are the two branches of the classical viewpoint of management? A. contingency B. behavioral C. scientific D. administrative

C. & D.

One issue with the classical viewpoint is that it tends to view humans as cogs in a machine, thereby rendering it overly _____. A. compassionate B. sociological C. amenable D. mechanistic

D. mechanistic

Who is known as the "father of industrial psychology" because of his revolutionary ideas on studying human behavior in workplaces? Frank Gilbreth Henri Fayol Hugo Munsterberg Frederick W. Taylor

Hugo Munsterberg

What technique did Frank and Lillian Gilbreth use to expand on Taylor's motion studies? They created the just-in-time inventory system. They provided scripts for manager-employee conversations. They created logical supply chains for every industry. They filmed workers to isolate parts of a job.

They filmed workers to isolate parts of a job

Within the quality management viewpoint, quality _______ focuses on the performance of workers and urges employees to strive for "zero defects" in the production of goods and services. expectation assurance determination alignment

assurance

The _____ viewpoint places emphasis on the importance of understanding the actions of humans and the motivation and encouragement of employees toward achievement? behavioral quantitative classical systems

behavioral

Which approach to management relies upon research in psychology, sociology, anthropology, and economics in order to develop theories about human behavior that can be used to provide practical tools for managers? management science behavioral science industrial psychology the contingency viewpoint

behavioral science

The _____ perspective on management consists of the systems, contingency, and quality-management viewpoints. contemporary classical behavioral historical

contemporary

According to the ____ viewpoint, a management problem should be handled according to the individual and the environmental situation. humanistic contingency classical behavioral

contingency

Which management viewpoint asks the question, "What method is the best to use under these particular circumstances?" Contingency Classical Administrative Behavioral

contingency

Renata is using the systems perspective to analyze her company. Which of these should be included in her analysis? Management capabilities Equipment Feedback Employee satisfaction

equipment

Maslow's hierarchy of human needs proposes that people are motivated by which needs? (select all that apply) joy esteem faith self-actualization love safety physiological

esteem, self-actualization, love, safety, physiological

____ management encourages managers to make facts and logic the foundation of their approach to decision-making. Evidence-based Operations Scientific Behavioral

evidence-based

Mary Parker Follett felt that managers should act as ______ rather than dictators. engineers controllers producers facilitators

facilitators

Issues with the classical viewpoint include that it: (select all that apply) ails to account for the importance of human needs views humans as cogs in a machine is too difficult to use and has fallen out of favor in modern times is especially behavioral is overly mechanistic

fails to account for the importance of human needs views humans as cogs in a machine is overly mechanistic

Within the systems viewpoint, what four things are considered parts of a system? Modifying behavior Outputs Inputs Feedback Transformational processes Customization

inputs, outputs, transformational processes, & feedback

James has a small bakery specializing in gourmet brownies. Based on the systems viewpoint, the flour, sugar, yeast, and eggs he uses in baking would be considered _______, whereas the decorated brownies he sells to customers would be considered _______. subsystems; systems open systems; closed systems inputs; outputs feedback; transformational processes

inputs; outputs

A system is a set of _____ parts that operate together to achieve a common purpose. organizational interrelated independent environmental

interrelated

Which statement regarding a closed system is accurate? It has little interaction with its environment. It is focused on profitability. It receives significant feedback from outside sources. It emphasizes that a manager's style is based on his or her surroundings.

it has little interaction with its environment

In order to build a _____ organization, managers must build a commitment to learning, work to generate ideas with impact, and work to generalize ideas with impact. generalized profitable learning

learning

Today, the word bureaucracy is associated with inflexibility. But to Max Weber, a bureaucracy was an efficient and ideal organization based on principles of _____. impersonality aristocracy logic science

logic

What are the two branches of quantitative management? Behavioral science Operations management Administrative management Management science

management science & operations management

What is the major contribution of McGregor's Theory X and Theory Y to management? Worker's physical movements should be considered when assigning tasks. Managers should understand how their beliefs affect their behavior. Members of different departments should work together on projects. Organizations should be structured to improve efficiency.

managers should understand how their beliefs affect their behavior

Management science focuses on the use of _______ to aid in problem-solving and decision-making. tradition mathematics behavior psychology

mathematics

The goal of quality assurance is _____. better systems no defects faster output lower costs

no defects

Systems that have continual interaction with their environment are known as _____ systems. closed open

open

Management science is sometimes known as _____. administrative management the classical viewpoint operations research fact-based management

operations research

In terms of the systems viewpoint, profits and losses are types of _______. inputs subsystems feedback outputs

outputs

The application of quantitative techniques, such as statistics and computer simulations, to management is called _____ management. scientific data qualitative quantitative

quantitative

The Hawthorne studies are credited with drawing attention to the importance of people as _____. social beings scientists rule followers facilitators

social beings

The Six Sigma approach relies on _____ to help improve manufacturing processes. statistical analysis qualitative analysis competitor feedback customer feedback

statistical analysis

Based on a systems viewpoint, the health science, finance, and journalism departments of a university are examples of ______. outputs inputs subsystems organizations

subsystems

The various parts that make up a complete system are commonly known as: requisites subsystems components aggregates

subsystems

An open system fosters the idea that two or more forces combined create an effect that is greater than the sum of their individual effects. This is known as _____. complexity contingency synergy profitability

synergy

A set of interrelated parts that operate together to achieve a common purpose is called a(n) _____. contingency team operation system

system

The behavioral management viewpoint emphasized: A. the importance of understanding human behavior and motivating employees to achieve B. administrative hierarchies that allowed for maximum worker control C. processes that would make work as efficient as possible D. impersonality in relationships between workers

the importance of understanding human behavior and motivating employees to achieve

Quality Control: is the strategy for minimizing errors by managing each stage of production is a comprehensive approach dedicated to continuous quality improvement, training, and customer satisfaction focuses on the performance of workers, urging employees to strive for "zero defects"

the strategy for minimizing errors by managing each stage of production

_____ management stresses continuous improvement, employee involvement, learning from customers and employees, and accurate standards for identifying and eliminating problems. ISO Six Sigma Total quality Behavioral

total quality

The _____ studies are credited with drawing attention to the importance of the social nature of workers and the need for good human relations in fostering employee productivity. Follett Gilbreth Hawthorne Munsterberg

Hawthorne

Identify the two theorists who contributed the most to the human relations movement. Follett McGregor Mayo Maslow

Maslow & McGregor

Two ways for a company to guarantee quality of a product are quality control and quality ___________. feedback efficiency benchmarking assurance

assurance

Within the quality management viewpoint, quality _______ focuses on the performance of workers and urges employees to strive for "zero defects" in the production of goods and services. expectation alignment determination assurance

assurance

Theory X and Theory Y underscore the idea that manager behaviors are impacted by their _____. salaries benefits beliefs perks

beliefs

A characteristic of a(n) _____ system is that it receives very little feedback from outside sources. open closed

closed

The original focus of the Hawthorne studies was the ______. A. relationship between wage levels and employee performance B. effects of lighting levels on worker productivity C. relationship between increased attention and worker performance D. effects of rest periods on worker productivity

effects of lighting levels on worker productivity

Which of the following are components of total quality management (TQM)? (select all that apply) Emphasize continuous improvement Pay employees competitive wages Use customer and employee feedback Use accurate standards to identify and eliminate problems Involve every employee Provide adequate product supply

emphasize continuous improvement, use customer and employee feedback, use accurate standards to identify and eliminate problems, & involve every employee

Which of these things is NOT part of W. Edwards Deming's philosophy of good management? fitness for use reduction of variations in production processes constancy of purpose statistical measurement

fitness for use

Maslow and McGregor focused on the study of ______ as it relates to increasing worker productivity. mathematics physical movement human relations communities

human relations

One issue with the classical viewpoint is that it tends to view humans as cogs in a machine, thereby rendering it overly _____. sociological mechanistic compassionate amenable

mechanistic

According to the systems viewpoint, what are three types of inputs? People Money Feedback Equipment Profit Technology

people, money, equipment

According to Henri Fayol, the major functions of management are: (select all that apply) organizing planning controlling responding leading supervising

planning, organizing, leading, controlling

The field of industrial ______ (the study of human behavior in the workplace) is based on Hugo Munsterberg's theories. kinesiology psychology physiology biology

psychology

What four disciplines are included in the behavioral science approach to management? (Choose all that apply.) Economics Sociology Psychology Accounting Anthropology Physics

psychology, sociology, anthropology, economics

Quality control, quality assurance, and total quality management are all part of the _____ management viewpoint. contingency learning quality evidence-based

quality

The ability of a product or service to meet customer needs refers to _____. continuous improvement inventory benchmarking quality

quality

The four parts of a system include all of the following EXCEPT ______. outputs inputs feedback quality

quality

The strategy for minimizing errors at each stage of production is called _____. operations research quality control quality assurance inventory reduction

quality control

The quality-management viewpoint includes which concepts? (select all that apply) Quality assurance Total quality management Quality control Quality realization Quality importation

quality control, quality assurance, & total quality management

Evidence-based management focuses on bringing _____ to the decision process. systems rationality assurance control

rationality

According to the Hawthorne effect hypothesized by Mayo and colleagues, employees worked harder if they: (select all that apply) eceived added attention believed supervisors paid special attention to them were given authority over their tasks worked under proper lighting levels thought managers cared about their welfare

received added attention, believed supervisors paid special attention to them, & thought managers cared about their welfare

A company would rely on ISO 9000 to _____. Order component parts analyze employee satisfaction reduce manufacturing flaws assess customer feedback

reduce manufacturing flaws

When Joseph Juran referred to the idea of "fitness for use," he was considering how a product would ______. satisfy a customer's real needs be located on a store shelf compete in the marketplace work into the existing production line

satisfy a customer's real needs

The third and fourth principles of _____ suggest that organizations should give workers the training and incentives to do their tasks properly, and should use scientific principles to plan work methods and ease the way for workers to do their jobs. enhanced productivity administrative management the historical perspective scientific management

scientific management

Mary Parker Follett would agree with today's concept of _____. sustainability offshoring right-to-work self-managed teams

self-managed teams

What are the three viewpoints of the contemporary perspective of management? contingency quality-management quantitative systems behavioral

systems, contingency, quality-management

Maslow's hierarchy of needs resulted from the study of ______. how people work in groups what time of day people work best what motivates people to perform the way people organize their work

what motivates people to perform

Which of the following are the key functions/roles managers must perform in order to create learning organizations? attempt to modify employee behavior work to generalize ideas with impact work to generate ideas with impact build a commitment to learning

work to generalize ideas with impact, build a commitment to learning, & work to generate ideas with impact