MGMT 3080 - Chapter 17 - Final, Business Ethics and Society Final Review, ETHICS MASTER STUDY

According to the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, criminal violations can lead to fines of up to:

$50 million and lengthy prison terms.

Which of the following sectors includes fishing and forestry occupations? A. Agricultural B. Goods-producing C. Service D. Manufacturing

A. Agricultural

_____ is a situation where sexually offensive conduct is pervasive in the workplace, making work unreasonably difficult for an affected individual. A. Hostile environment B. Verbal abuse C. Quid pro quo D. Anti-social behavior

A. Hostile environment

Which of the following is true regarding immigration in various countries? A. Immigration generally brings an influx of younger workers who are less costly and more adaptable. B. Many European nations are strongly ethnocentric and welcome immigrants. C. The Japanese easily integrate with non-Japanese people in their workplaces. D. Japan has recently seen a large influx of immigration which has drastically increased its population.

A. Immigration generally brings an influx of younger workers who are less costly and more adaptable.

Which of the following is true regarding the common elements of diversity programs? A. Leadership from the top is critical. B. Changing the organization structure disrupts diversity efforts. C. Measuring progress does not require data collection. D. Training programs are not very popular.

A. Leadership from the top is critical.

Which law eliminated certain restrictions for filing pay discrimination lawsuits? A. Lilly Ledbetter Fair Pay Act of 2009. B. Family and Medical Leave Act of 1993. C. Equal Opportunity Employment Act of 1972. D. Equal Pay Act of 1963.

A. Lilly Ledbetter Fair Pay Act of 2009.

Which of the following is a reason for the persisting gender wage gap? A. Occupational segregation places many women in female-dominated occupations that tend to be lower paying than male-dominated ones. B. Employers never hesitate to invest heavily in training women, thus giving women an equal opportunity for promotions. C. The earning gap does not reflect elements of sex discrimination. D. Although globalization has narrowed gender wage differentials, especially in high-skill occupations, they persist due to cultural traditions that shape labor market characteristics.

A. Occupational segregation places many women in female-dominated occupations that tend to be lower paying than male-dominated ones.

Which of the following sectors includes jobs in retailing, transportation, and health care? A. Service B. Manufacturing C. Agricultural D. Goods-producing

A. Service

Which of the following was passed to prevent racial discrimination in "inns, public conveyances on land or water, theaters and other places of public amusement"? A. The Civil Rights Act of 1875 B. Executive Order 11246 C. The Civil Rights Act of 1866 D. Executive Order 10925

A. The Civil Rights Act of 1875

When looking at a long-range projection of workers in the U.S. market, what is the prediction for the year 2050? A. The number of Whites will decline as a percentage of the labor force. B. The Hispanic growth rate will be slower than Asians. C. The largest increase will be in the percentage of Asians. D. The percentage of women in the labor force will increase by 5.5%.

A. The number of Whites will decline as a percentage of the labor force.

_____ of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 prohibits discrimination in any aspect of employment. A. Title VII B. Title IX C. Title XI D. Title V

A. Title VII

Racial harassment is illegal under: A. Title VII of the Civil Rights Act. B. The Third Amendment to the Constitution. C. The Equal Pay Act. D. The Family Medical Leave Act.

A. Title VII of the Civil Rights Act.

In the United States, immigrants are more likely that non-immigrants to start their own business, having been responsible for 30 percent of small business growth. A. True B. False

A. True

Some women and persons of color have spoken out against affirmative action, preferring to achieve personal success without receiving preferential treatment. A. True B. False

A. True

The proportion of working women that have told researchers they have been sexually harassed on the job is between 40 and 70 percent. A. True B. False

A. True

The term diversity refers to variation in the important human characteristics that distinguish people from one another. A. True B. False

A. True

Under the Family Medical Leave Act, companies that employ 50 or more people must grant unpaid, job-protected leaves for up to 12 weeks to employees with serious family needs, including the birth or adoption of a baby. A. True B. False

A. True

Workforce diversity represents both a challenge and an opportunity for businesses. A. True B. False

A. True

Policies that seek out, encourage, and sometimes give preferential treatment to employees in the groups protected by Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 are called: A. affirmative action. B. systematic discrimination policies. C. anti-harassment policies. D. quid pro quo.

A. affirmative action.

If an employer gives less favorable treatment to employees because of their race, color, religion, sex, or national origin, he/she is indulging in: A. disparate treatment. B. separate but equal treatment. C. reverse discrimination. D. diversity management.

A. disparate treatment.

Affirmative action complemented the ideal of: A. equality of result. B. equality of opportunity. C. achievement based on merit. D. individual rights before the law.

A. equality of result.

According to norms of distributive justice: A. fair criteria should be used to assign benefits and burdens of affirmative action. B. affirmative action destroys the right of all individuals to equal treatment before law. C. the overall benefit to society as a result of affirmative action should be calculated. D. discrimination in favor of protected groups is benevolent of intention.

A. fair criteria should be used to assign benefits and burdens of affirmative action.

President Abraham Lincoln issued the Emancipation Proclamation that: A. freed an estimated 4 million slaves. B. totally abolished slavery. C. was intended to prevent Southern states from passing discriminatory laws. D. prohibited race discrimination in voting.

A. freed an estimated 4 million slaves.

The Fourteenth Amendment of the U.S. constitution: A. intended to prevent Southern states from passing discriminatory laws. B. prohibited race discrimination in voting. C. abolished slavery. D. prohibited the making of laws impeding the free exercise of religion.

A. intended to prevent Southern states from passing discriminatory laws.

The rights to which a person is entitled simply because he/she is a human and that cannot be taken away by the government are known as _____ rights. A. natural B. civil C. legal D. statutory

A. natural

Japanese firms pay their employees on the _____ curve, a slowly rising wage scale based largely on seniority that allows for small differentials based on ability and provides a comfortable income fitting various stages. A. nenko B. karoshi C. kaizen D. salaryman

A. nenko

In Japanese industries, a community firm is a company that: A. operates on a model analogous to a family. B. avoids hinted promises of job tenure. C. consolidated into national entities with deeply antagonistic goals. D. is owned and operated by a group of individuals for their mutual benefits.

A. operates on a model analogous to a family.

Which of the following sectors includes fishing and forestry occupations?

Agricultural

Which part of the U.S. Constitution gives the federal government the right to regulate business?

Article I

Visible behaviors like patterns of interaction come under which of the following corporate culture levels?

Artifacts

Labor flexibility is the: A. View that business is analogous to a game and special lower ethics are permissible. B. Ability to make quick and smooth shifts of workers into and out of jobs as business conditions change. C. Transferring of work from within a company to an outside supplier to cut labor costs. D. Agreement by which an employee exchanges his/her labor in return for specific pay and working conditions.

B. Ability to make quick and smooth shifts of workers into and out of jobs as business conditions change.

Executive Order 11246, established in 1965, mandates: A. Affirmative action for all government employees. B. Affirmative action for all federal contractors and subcontractors. C. Equal pay for equal work for all federal contractors and subcontractors. D. Family and medical leave for all federal employees for illness, or the birth of a child.

B. Affirmative action for all federal contractors and subcontractors.

Variation in the important human characteristics that distinguish people from one another is called: A. Workforce variability B. Diversity C. Difference D. Affirmative actions

B. Diversity

Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 created the ____, an independent regulatory commission, to enforce its provision. A. Bureau of Labor Statistics B. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission C. National Labor Relations Board D. Bureau of International Labor Affairs

B. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission

According to Figure 16-5, the country with the highest percentage of women holding board member positions is the United States. A. True B. False

B. False

According to the latest government data, in about 30 percent of all married couples with children, both parents worked at least part-time. A. True B. False

B. False

Sexual and racial harassment will happen, and little a business can do to eliminate the problem. A. True B. False

B. False

The major agency charged with enforcing equal opportunity laws and executive orders in the United States is the Americans with Disabilities Council (ADC). A. True B. False

B. False

The term pay gap refers to the inequitable concentration of a group, such as minorities or women, in a particular job category. A. True B. False

B. False

The _____ Amendment of the U.S. constitution prohibited race discrimination in voting. A. Fourteenth B. Fifteenth C. Sixteenth D. Thirteenth

B. Fifteenth

Which of the following statements about Executive Order 11246 is NOT true? A. It is the origin of most affirmative action in corporations. B. It is a legal defense a company can use to fight a disparate impact charge. C. It is enforced by the Office of Federal Contract Compliance Programs. D. It requires all companies with federal contracts of $50,000 or more and 50 or more employees, to have a written affirmative action plan.

B. It is a legal defense a company can use to fight a disparate impact charge.

The _____ institutionalized the idea that whites were superior to blacks by creating segregated schools, restrooms, and water fountains. A. Northern Black codes B. Jim Crow laws C. Nuremberg Laws D. Blue laws

B. Jim Crow laws

Which of the following is a Japanese word denoting death from the stress of overwork? A. Maquiladora B. Karoshi C. Nenko D. Datsusara

B. Karoshi

Which of the following requires that affirmative action payment be made to make up for past wrongs? A. Utilitarian considerations B. Norms of compensatory justice C. Norms of distributive justice D. Ethical theories of rights

B. Norms of compensatory justice

Which of the following is used as a statistical test to measure disparate impact? A. The one-eighth rule B. The 80 percent rule C. The 20 percent rule D. The one-half rule

B. The 80 percent rule

Which statement below best describes how American society is changing regarding its structure? A. The number of worker s involved in manufacturing is increasing dramatically. B. The percentage of workers employed in the goods-producing sector is declining. C. The agricultural sector employs the largest number of Americans. D. There is a drastic declines in the number of employees in the service sector.

B. The percentage of workers employed in the goods-producing sector is declining.

A support network formed by employees who personify an attribute associated with discrimination, stereotyping, or social isolation is known as a(n) _____ group. A. personal union B. affinity C. hierarchical D. citizen

B. affinity

Discrimination caused by policies that apply to everyone and seem neutral but have the effect of disadvantaging a protected group is known as: A. reverse discrimination. B. disparate impact. C. glass ceiling. D. quid pro quo.

B. disparate impact.

Systematic efforts made by a company to recruit from different groups, promote tolerance, and modify corporate cultures to include nonmainstream employees are known as: A. tokenism. B. diversity management. C. ethnic nepotism. D. meritocracy.

B. diversity management.

Which of the following terms is used to describe an agreement where an employee exchanges labor for specific pay and working conditions? A. nondisclosure agreement. B. employment contract. C. yellow-dog contract. D. compromise agreement

B. employment contract.

The main goal of legislating employees' rights ti unionize was to A. overthrow privately owned businesses could be owned by employees. B. level the playing field in negotiations between employers and employees through collective bargaining. C. nationalize industry. D. create a socialist utopia in the United States.

B. level the playing field in negotiations between employers and employees through collective bargaining.

According to research, labor markets that are heavily regulated by the government generally result in A. a more skilled labor force. B. longer unemployment cycles. C. bigger firms. D. Companies investing more in new technology.

B. longer unemployment cycles.

Natural rights are: A. limited within a community. B. unalienable rights. C. relative to specific cultures. D. codified into statutes.

B. unalienable rights.

What is the term that describes establishing the exercise price of stock options at the price on a date before the date before they were granted?

Backdating.

Which of the following is a legal defense that a company can use to fight a disparate impact charge?

Business necessity

Which statement below best describes the common-law principal that governs the employer-employee relationship in the United States? A. It says that when a conflict arises between an employee and employer, the employee's viewpoint should be considered. B. It holds that employers and employees can end their agreement subject ti predetermined conditions. C. It holds that employer and employees may enter voluntary employment contracts. D. It allows the employee to work for the employer's and his/her benefit.

C. It holds that employer and employees may enter voluntary employment contracts.

Which of the following is an argument against affirmative action? A. It costs American businesses too much money. B. There are no mechanisms in place to verify that it is actual marketplace. C. It is inconsistent with the principles of fairness and equality. D. It violates individuals' basic human rights.

C. It is inconsistent with the principles of fairness and equality.

_____ is a situation when submission to sexual activity is required to get or keep a job. A. Stalking B. Business necessity C. Quid pro quo D. Hostile environment

C. Quid pro quo

Which of the following was the belief prevalent in the South that racially segregated facilities were not inherently unequal? A. Balance of interest B. Clear statement rule C. Separate but equal D. Racial steering

C. Separate but equal

Which of the following is true regarding natural rights? A. They are bestowed by governments on their citizens. B. They have to be codified by the legislative body. C. They exist on a higher plane than civil rights. D. They are also called alienable rights.

C. They exist on a higher plane than civil rights.

The doctrine of liberty of contract: A. entails government subsidy of salaries for workers who lacked enough work. B. creates more jobs by mandating shorter hours, forcing companies to hire more people to maintain output. C. allows employers and employees to negotiate their wages, hours, duties, and conditions with limited government interference. D. requires regular employees to remain with the firm.

C. allows employers and employees to negotiate their wages, hours, duties, and conditions with limited government interference.

Rights that are given to citizens by their government are called: A. unalienable rights. B. moral rights. C. civil rights. D. natural rights.

C. civil rights.

The Office of Federal Contract Compliance Programs: A. establishes rigid hiring goals for all companies. B. has mandated a goal of 10 percent females in the construction industry. C. conducts zealous compliance reviews. D. uses qualitative tools to target companies where discrimination is most likely to be uncovered.

C. conducts zealous compliance reviews.

What is the term used to describe the four fundamental standards established by international labor conventions to protect basic worker rights? A. second New Deal laws B. agency worker rights C. core labor standards D. fair labor standards

C. core labor standards

The _____ contract was traditionally defined as an employment contract that could be ended by either the employer or the employee without notice and for any or no reason. A. right-to-work B. individual freedom C. employment at-will D. just cause

C. employment at-will

The Civil Rights Act of 1866 protected the blacks against: A. discrimination in transportation and accommodations. B. ethnic violence. C. employment discrimination. D. discrimination in practicing their religion.

C. employment discrimination.

Manufacturing, mining, and construction are a part of the _____ sector. A. agricultural B. service C. goods-producing D. agrarian

C. goods-producing

The 80 percent rule is met if a company has hired: A. at least 10 percent of black applicants if it has hired 20 percent of all white applicants. B. at least 10 percent of white applicants if it has hired 20 percent of all black applicants. C. minorities at the rate of at least 80 percent of the rate at which it hires from the demographic group. D. minorities at the rate of at least 20 percent of the rate at which it hires from the demographic group.

C. minorities at the rate of at least 80 percent of the rate at which it hires from the demographic group.

Which model is considered an industry-labor-government cooperation where the government strongly regulates the labor market to insure rights and benefits for workers? A. surplus labor B. community firm C. social welfare D. macroeconomic

C. social welfare

Which of the following is a variant of strategic philanthropy in which charitable contributions are based on purchases of a product?

Cause-related marketing

Milton Friedman, his colleagues, and their free market ideas are known as the ____, a shorthand term for a doctrine of privatization, free trade, and deregulation.

Chicago School

Define civil rights.

Civil rights refer to rights bestowed by the governments on their citizens.

Which of the following is a worker protection goal?

Collective bargaining

The treaty that requires nations to preserve biological diversity by promoting sustainable economic activity is known as the:

Convention on Biological Diversity

Which of the following government rules on equal treatment of employees does not apply to business? A. Discrimination on the basis of race, color, religion, sex, national origin, disability or age is prohibited in all employment practices. B. Government contractors must have written positive affirmative action plans to overcomes the past and present effects of discrimination in their workforce. C. Women and men must receive equal pay for performing. D. Affirmative action plans must be permanent.

D. Affirmative action plans must be permanent.

A survey of hiring managers indicated that millennial's were: A. More technologically adept than their seniors. B. Narcissistic and hard to retain. C. Expected to stay in their jobs less than three years. D. All of the above.

D. All of the above.

The growing diversity in the U.S. workforce is due to: A. Millennial entering the workforce. B. Immigration from other countries. C. Shifting patterns of work and retirement. D. All of the above.

D. All of the above.

Which of these statements is (are) true regarding sexual harassment? A. Most sexual harassment incidents target women. B. Sexual harassment is illegal in the United States. C. The United States Equal Employment Opportunity Commission is empowered to sue on behalf of victims. D. All of the above.

D. All of the above.

Which of the following is true regarding the job scenario and compensation awarded to men and women currently? A. Men's earnings have steadily grown, while women's have stagnated. B. Women hold higher percentage of job in the static manufacturing and construction sectors. C. Men predominate in rapidly growing service occupations. D. Although women earn less than men, the gap is a narrow one.

D. Although women earn less than men, the gap is a narrow one.

Which of the following is an example of quid pro quo? A. The interviewer tells Brenda that her qualifications are excellent for a female employee. B. Charles Inc., requires that all female employees wear high heels during work hours. C. David is often asked to work overtime because he is a bachelor. D. Ariana is denied a promotion because she refuses to go out with her boss.

D. Ariana is denied a promotion because she refuses to go out with her boss.

Companies can combat sexual and racial harassment - and protect themselves form expensive lawsuits - by: A. Developing a zero-tolerance policy on harassment and communicate it clearly to employees. B. Establishing a complaint procedure and act quickly to resolve any problems. C. Bribing employees with money to avoid a lawsuit. D. Both A and B, but not C.

D. Both A and B, but not C.

Which of these statements is true regarding women in the United States workforce? A. The percentage of working women declined slightly in 2013. B. A lack of family-friendly business policies has made it difficult for working mothers. C. The participation rates of women and men in the workforce have diverged. D. Both A and B, but not C.

D. Both A and B, but not C.

As of 2013, which of the following accurately describe(s) the pay gap for full-time working women and minorities in the United States, as compared to white men? A. On average, women and persons of color cam lower pay. B. Overall, black men earn about 75 percent more pay. C. The pay gap has decreased by about 5 percent for both Hispanic men and women. D. Both A and C, but not B.

D. Both A and C, but not B.

_____ is the inherent authority of the state governments to regulate economic and social relationships for the welfare of the citizens. A. Prohibitionism B. Martial law C. Eminent domain D. Police power

D. Police power

Which of the following countries has a feminine culture wherein cooperation and compromise have much higher priority than assertiveness and ambition? A. The United States B. Japan C. Mexico D. Scandinavia

D. Scandinavia

What type of change is caused by the processes of job destruction that alter the mix of work in an economy? A. Legislative B. Demographic C. Technological D. Structural

D. Structural

_____ discrimination is a pattern or practice of individual acts or rules in a corporate culture that permits or condones discrimination. A. Subtle B. Reverse C. Positive D. Systemic

D. Systemic

Which of the following abolished slavery? A. The Emancipation Proclamation B. Executive Order 13526 C. The Sixteenth Amendment D. The Thirteenth Amendment

D. The Thirteenth Amendment

Which of the following is not true about occupational segregation? A. It concentrates women in traditionally female dominates. B. The pay gap in American businesses persists, in part. C. It means that women cannot get the jobs that could break the cycle of relatively low pay. D. The large pay gap for Hispanic workers partly reflects their concentration in several high-paying occupations.

D. The large pay gap for Hispanic workers partly reflects their concentration in several high-paying occupations.

Sexual harassment is illegal under: A. the Employment Non-Discrimination Act. B. Executive Order 11478. C. the Federal Employers Liability Act. D. Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964.

D. Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964.

With regard to affirmative action, advocates of utilitarian ethics: A. raise questions about the ultimate fairness of affirmative action. B. say that discrimination in favor of protected groups is benevolent of intention. C. say that ethics require calculations about the overall costs to society of affirmative action.

D. argue that preferential treatment policies benefit everyone by making fuller use of talent.

Governments cannot grant or take away _____ rights. A. civil B. legal C. statutory D. natural

D. natural

The belief that each race has distinctive cultural characteristics and that one's own race is superior to other races is called: A. ethnocentrism. B. ethnic essentialism. C. sexism. D. racism

D. racism.

A company that uses business necessity as a justification must: A. have programs to recruit from diverse groups and promote tolerance. B. implement affirmative action. C. practice systematic discrimination. D. show how the practice in question is job-related and essential.

D. show how the practice in question is job-related and essential.

At this level, the workings of corporate power are unplanned, unpredictable, indirect, and irregular, but they are constant and far more significant.

Deep

Which state charters the largest number of corporations in the United States?

Deleware

_____ is a form of government requiring popular sovereignty, political liberty, and majority rule.

Democracy

One of the arguments that supports this theory is that there is a small group of individuals that exist, by virtue of wealth and position, control the nation and act in undemocratic ways.

Dominance Theory

Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 created the ____, an independent regulatory commission, to enforce its provision.

Equal Employment Opportunity Commission

The _____ divide projects into high, medium, and low social and environmental risk and compel borrowers to meet standards for ecological protection and to consult with native peoples.

Equator Principles

A company's charitable contributions are not tax-deductible.

FALSE

A corporate agency is a regulatory agency in the executive branch run by a single administrator.

FALSE

A form of government requiring popular sovereignty, political liberty, and majority rule is the androcracy.

FALSE

A pattern of individual acts in a corporate culture that permits or condones discrimination is known as reverse discrimination.

FALSE

According to historian Gary Cross, consumerism expresses a less powerful worldview than political ideologies.

FALSE

According to sociologist C. Wright Mills, the American society was a pyramid of power and status where a group of elites carried out the lieutenant's policies.

FALSE

An implied warranty is a written warranty arising out of reasonable expectations that a product will both fulfill its ordinary purpose and fulfill the particular purpose of the buyer.

FALSE

Aristotle argued that the end justified the means.

FALSE

As MNCs moved into the fifth tier of internationalization, their strategic thinking was more influenced by national boundaries.

FALSE

As originally enacted, Title VII required employers to redress racially imbalanced workforces or change established seniority systems.

FALSE

Disparate impact exists if an employer gives less favorable treatment to employees because of their race, color, religion, sex, or national origin.

FALSE

Ethnic nepotism refers to systematic efforts made by companies to recruit from diverse groups, promote tolerance, and modify corporate cultures to include nonmainstream employees.

FALSE

In traditional philanthropy, foundations and corporations give grants to profitable organizations that then spend the money to meet stated goals.

FALSE

Measuring the benefits of federal regulation is easier than calculating the costs of these regulations.

FALSE

Most companies focus more on an ethics approach to prevent wrongdoing than on a compliance approach.

FALSE

Norms of compensatory justice require that fair criteria be used to assign benefits and burdens.

FALSE

Sexual harassment is illegal under Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1957.

FALSE

Soft law creates binding obligations for corporations.

FALSE

The Civil Rights Act of 1875 was based on the First Amendment of the U.S. Constitution.

FALSE

The Emergency Economic Stabilization Act prohibited federal regulators from exchanging funds for an ownership interest in banks.

FALSE

The Thirteenth Amendment was intended to prevent Southern states from passing discriminatory laws.

FALSE

The average board of directors has five members and this has not changed for many years.

FALSE

The invisible barrier of sex discrimination that thwarts the advance of women to top corporate positions is known as bamboo ceiling.

FALSE

The populists wanted private individuals to own railroad, telegraph, telephone companies, and banks.

FALSE

The principle of equal freedom can act as a tiebreaker when the rights of two managers are in conflict.

FALSE

Utilitarian ethics require that fair criteria be used to assign benefits and burdens to affirmative action.

FALSE

Within a pluralistic society, the authoritative entity has an overriding power over all other entities.

FALSE

This is the financial process by which a corporation takes partial or total control of foreign assets with the intention of having a long-term presence.

FDI

When ready, rules in their final wording are printed in the

Federal Register.

John is the CEO of a company. What is the name of the legal duties he owes to the corporation and its shareholders?

Fiduciary duties

This is the legal duty of a representative to manage property in the interest of the owner.

Fiduciary responsibility

Following the Civil War, Congress passed three constitutional amendments designed to protect the rights of former slaves. What were they?

Following the Civil War, Congress passed three constitutional amendments designed to protect the rights of former slaves. They were: 1) The Thirteenth Amendment in 1865 that abolished slavery. 2) The Fourteenth Amendment in 1868 that was intended to prevent Southern states from passing discriminatory laws. 3)The Fifteenth Amendment in 1870 that prohibited race discrimination in voting.

The Group of Eight has now expanded and is currently known as:

G20.

Using this statistical measure of global income inequality, inequality becomes greater as the percentage figure rises toward 100.

Gini index

What is the term used to describe an invisible barrier of sex discrimination that hinders the advancement of women to top corporate positions?

Glass ceiling

The single most conspicuous effort to promote MNC social responsibility and to harness FDI for economic development is the:

Global Compact

"Do unto others as you would have them do unto you" is the basic tenet of the:

Golden Rule

____ is a situation where sexually offensive conduct is pervasive in the workspace, making work unreasonably difficult for an affected individual.

Hostile environment

All variations of ethical principle should conform to which of the following?

Hypernorms

Which of the following fulfills the human need for concepts and categories of meaning that explain daily life?

Ideology

Which of the following is NOT a part of the principles of good regulation set forth by the World Bank?

Increase court involvement in business matters.

What is the term to describe outside directors who do not have business dealings with corporation that could possibly impair their impartiality?

Independent directors

Which statement below best describes the common-law principle that governs the employer-employee relationship in the United States?

It holds that employer and employees may enter voluntary employment contracts.

Which of the following statements about Executive Order 11246 is NOT true?

It is a legal defense a company can use to fight a disparate impact charge.

Which of the following statements about the laissez-faire concept is true?

It lessens the efficiency with which free enterprise operates to benefit consumers.

Identify the correct statement about the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC).

It now has a staff of 3,500 and an annual budget of approximately $900 million.

Which of the following is true regarding the progressive movement?

It was less radical than populism.

What were the Jim Crow laws?

Jim Crow laws were measures enacted in the South from 1877 to the 1950s legalizing segregation in public places, buses, trains, restaurants, schools, and businesses.

_____ believed that owners of capital exploited workers and promoted systems of rising inequality.

Karl Marx

Which of the following is a Japanese word denoting death from the stress of overwork?

Karoshi

According to this theory, humans are part of an ethical community that includes not only other human beings but all elements of the natural environment.

Land ethic

Which of the following is true regarding the common elements of diversity programs?

Leadership from the top is critical.

An entity headquartered in one country that does business in one or more foreign countries is called a(n):

MNC.

Distinguish between natural rights and civil rights.

Natural rights are rights to which all human beings are entitled. Governments cannot grant them or take them away. Thus, they are unalienable in nature. Civil rights are rights bestowed by governments on their citizens. Civil rights exist on a lower plane than natural rights.

Workplace fatalities have declined after the creation of the:

Occupational Safety and Health Administration

Which of the following is a reason for the persisting gender wage gap?

Occupational segregation places many women in female-dominated occupations that tend to be lower paying than male-dominated ones.

Executive-branch agencies have to submit proposed and final rules to the ____, whereas independent regulatory commissions must follow procedures in the:

Office of Information and Regulatory Affairs; Administrative Procedures Act.

_____ is formed in the air by chemical reactions between nitrogen dioxide and volatile organic compounds.

Ozone

_____ is the inherent authority of the state governments to regulate economic and social relationships for the welfare of the citizens.

Police power

_____ exists on a wide spectrum ranging from coercion at one extreme to weak influence at the other.

Power

Age, ethnicity, gender, mental or physical abilities, race, and sexual orientation are what dimensions of diversity?

Primary

Name the document sent to shareholders before the annual meeting that sets forth matters requiring their vote.

Proxy statement

____ is a situation when submission to sexual activity is required to get or keep a job.

Quid pro quo

_____ is calculated as the number of children a woman must have on average to ensure that one daughter survives to reproductive age.

Replacement fertility rate

This is a grant of stock with restrictions on transaction that are removed when a specified condition is met.

Restricted stock

Which of the following was the belief prevalent in South that racially segregated facilities were not inherently unequal?

Separate but equal

Which of the following is an internal business environment?

Shareholders

Which of the following situations contributed to the Industrial Revolution?

Society that encouraged individual initiative

____ refers to actions taken by managers to adapt a company to changes in its market and sociopolitical environments.

Strategic management

A community firm is a Japanese company that operates on a model analogous to a family.

TRUE

A court awards punitive damages to a plaintiff only if malicious and willful misconduct by a company was established.

TRUE

A tort is a private wrong committed by one person against another person or his/her property.

TRUE

According to the dominance theory, business abuses the power its size and wealth confer in a number of ways.

TRUE

Affirmative action affronts the ideal of equality of opportunity by substituting equality of result.

TRUE

Affirmative actions affronts the ideal of equality of opportunity by substituting equality of result.

TRUE

Competitive markets operate more efficiently when their participants have enough information to make informed choices.

TRUE

Corporate charters require the directors of the company to protect the financial interests of the company's stockholders.

TRUE

Corporations are formed under national incorporation laws.

TRUE

Ethical intuition is a form of social intuition.

TRUE

Even today, occupational segregation places many women in female-dominated occupations that tend to be lower paying than male-dominated ones.

TRUE

Even without making direct investments in a nation, powerful MNCs can shake its economy.

TRUE

Immigration generally brings an influx of younger workers who are less costly and more adaptable.

TRUE

In many fifth-tier companies, there is a strong trend toward more centralized authority rather than more "statelessness."

TRUE

In the U.S. Declaration of Independence, "unalienable" rights are considered natural rights that cannot be taken away by government.

TRUE

In the market capitalism model, the "market" acts as a buffer between business and nonmarket forces.

TRUE

Institutions are formal patterns of relations that link people together to accomplish a goal.

TRUE

Leadership from the top is critical fo the success of diversity management programs.

TRUE

Leadership from the top is critical for the success of diversity management programs.

TRUE

Measures enacted in the South from 1877 to the 1950s legalizing segregation in public places, buses, trains, restaurants, schools, and businesses were known as Jim Crow laws.

TRUE

Milton Friedman, his colleagues, and their free market ideas came to be called the Chicago School.

TRUE

Most U.S. companies have a written code of ethical conduct.

TRUE

Participation in affinity groups decreases an individual's sense of isolation in a work culture.

TRUE

Quid pro quo is a situation, defined as illegal, when submission to sexual activity is required to get or keep a job.

TRUE

The 80 percent rule is the statistical test to measure disparate impact.

TRUE

The Civil Rights Act of 1960 is the cornerstone of the structure of laws and regulations enforcing equal opportunity.

TRUE

The United States is not a party to the Kyoto Protocol.

TRUE

The application of one nation's laws within the borders of another nation is known as extraterritoriality.

TRUE

The business-government-society (BGS) field is the study of this environment and its importance for managers.

TRUE

The inherent power of state governments to regulate economic and social relationships for the welfare of all citizens is known as police power.

TRUE

The laws of the United States have been shaped by the consequences of the industrial activities.

TRUE

The pay of top corporate officers is set by the board of directors.

TRUE

The strength to act or to compel another entity to act is called power.

TRUE

The transfer of work from a domestic to a foreign location is known as offshoring.

TRUE

Theories simplify and organize areas of knowledge by describing patterns or regularities in the subject matter.

TRUE

Training is the key to communicating ethics and compliance knowledge.

TRUE

When a company changes its philosophy of giving money to charitable organizations from pure generosity to commercial objectives, it is called strategic philanthropy.

TRUE

When managers are convicted of criminal behavior, prison sentences are imposed based on a numerical point system.

TRUE

The Civil Rights Act of 1875 was based on which amendment to the U.S. constitution?

The Civil Rights Act of 1875 was based on the Fourteenth Amendment to the U.S. constitution.

Which Act was passed by Congress in 2008 to restore financial stability?

The Emergency Economic Stabilization Act

Which of the following ethical principles is primarily a perfectionist rule for interpersonal relations?

The Golden Rule

Which of the following enacted new regulations on auditing, financial reporting, and legal compliance?

The Sarbanes-Oxley Act

What is racism?

The belief that each race has distinctive cultural characteristics and that one's own race is superior to other races is known as racism.

In considering whether or not to do a certain action based on ethical reasoning, a manager asks herself: "If I act in this way, would my family approve of my actions?" Which of the following ethical principles is she applying?

The disclosure rule

The idea that the needs of workers should be subordinate to the needs of the organization is the basis of the:

The idea that the needs of workers should be subordinate to the needs of the organization is the basis of the:

What was the separate but equal doctrine?

The separate but equal doctrine was a belief, prevalent in the South, that racially segregated facilities were not inherently unequal.

In making a decision using this principle, one must determine whether the harm in an action is outweighed by the good.

The utilitarian ethic

Which of the following statements best describes natural rights?

They are unalienable rights.

Which of the following is true regarding natural rights?

They exist on a higher plane than civil rights.

Sexual harassment is illegal under:

Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964

The purpose of this concept is to appraise the overall impact of a firm's operations by adding non-financial measures to traditional financial results.

Triple bottom line

Which of the following is a characteristic of a democracy?

Universal suffrage

_____ is the ethical philosophy of the greatest good for the greatest number.

Utilitarianism

The statement of how a business will create value by selling something in the marketplace is called:

a business model

Each of the five tiers of internationalization is seen as all of the following EXCEPT:

a policy.

To solve agrarian ills, the populists:

advocated government ownership of railroad, telegraph, telephone companies, and banks.

Policies that seek out, encourage, and sometimes give preferential treatment to employees in the groups protected by Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 are called:

affirmative action.

The doctrine of liberty of contract:

allows employers and employees to negotiate their wages, hours, duties, and conditions without government interference

Stockholders:

are said to be owners of corporations.

With regard to affirmative action, advocates of utilitarian ethics:

argue that preferential treatment policies benefit everyone by making fuller use of talent.

Kinds of decisions made form a part of:

artifacts

The Federal Trade Commission (FTC) has broad duties to:

challenge mergers and acquisitions that reduce competition or innovation

According to ____, corporate social responsibility creates administrative expenses, distracts executives, confuses economic goals with other goals, and subtracts from social welfare when the corporation is less efficient.

conservative economists

The movement that promotes the rights and powers of end users in relation to the sellers of products and services is called:

consumerism.

Eliminating all forced or compulsory labor, abolishing child labor, eliminating employment discrimination, and guaranteeing the right of collective bargaining are part of the _____ standards.

core labor

What is a document from the government that established a corporations and defines its authority?

corporate charter

The duty of a corporation to avoid harm to the assets of a community is called:

corporate social responsibility

According to new Progressives:

corporations have inordinate legal rights.

The theory that rejects human domination of nature and holds that humans have only equal rights with other species, not superior rights, is the theory of:

deep ecology.

A progressive business model:

defines a strategy that meets market needs by mitigating social problems.

Milton Friedman:

desired to turn America's national parks over to corporations.

What is the term used to describe when an employer gives LESS favorable treatment to certain employees based on their race, color, religion, sex, or national origin?

disparate treatment

Systematic efforts made by a company to recruit from different groups, promote tolerance, and modify corporate cultures to include nonmainstream employees are known as:

diversity management.

All of the following are norms of social values EXCEPT:

economics

The ____ contact was traditionally defined as an employment contract that could be ended by either the employer or the employee without notice and for any or no reason

employment at-will

The coordinated efforts of a company to prevent its managers from breaking the law and to act ethically are called:

ethics programs

A(n) _____ warranty is a categorical claim made by the manufacturer to the buyer regarding a product or service.

express

An environmental force of unknown origin and mysterious action that provides the energy for events is known as a:

historical force

Moral intuition is a form of social intuition that is adaptive to the social environment and predominates in individual ethical decisions, more so when they are:

immediate.

According to the Committee for Economic Development, the _____ circle of social responsibility aims at efficient execution of economic functions so that the society can achieve economic growth.

inner

Directors who are employees of the company are called:

inside directors.

The Fourteenth Amendment of the U.S. constitution:

intended to prevent Southern states from passing discriminatory laws.

The concentric circle of social responsibility that encompasses responsibility to exercise the economic function with a sensitive awareness of changing social values and priorities is the:

intermediate circle

The just price:

is inspired by fairness.

Advocates of social responsibility feel that:

it is an ethical duty of corporations to promote social justice.

Despite its shortcomings, a compelling argument in favor of the stakeholder model is that:

it is the ethical way to manage because stakeholders have moral rights that grow from the way powerful corporations affect them.

The German term " _____ " refers to a program in which the government subsidizes worker pay to promote employment.

kurzarbeit

A _____ price is determined by the interaction of the supply and demand without any moral dimension.

market

The basic purpose of a company that defines the type of business in which the company is engaged in and explains how it differs from its competitors is called a:

mission statement.

When annual CEO salary and bonus are based on ____, the CEO can take actions to maximize short-term profits.

net income

A(n) _____ is a standard that arises over time and as agreement on it becomes widespread, is enforced by social sanction or law.

norm

Directors who are not employees of the company are:

outside directors.

Industries such as the steel industry and big agricultural sectors such as cotton, peanuts, sugarcane, and tobacco benefit from protectionist rules and subsidies. This is an example of the government:

passing regulations to benefit special interests.

Shares of company stock awarded after a fix period of years if individual and company performance goals are met are called:

performance shares

A discrete source of discharge such as a factory, mine, ship, or pipeline is known as a(n):

point source

When businesses give money to candidates and lobby legislation, they are attempting to use:

political power at the surface level.

The first national movement that sprung up with the aim to protect consumers was the:

populist movement

Most multinational corporations (MNCs) are:

private enterprise

The belief that each race has distinctive cultural characteristics and that one's own race is superior to other races is called:

racism.

All of the following are examples of economic performance indicators in the triple bottom line EXCEPT:

ratio of basic salary of men to women by employee category

When a manager acts toward a customer in a favorable way in the hope that the customer will return for future purchases, this is an example of:

reciprocity

The _____ wave of federal workplace regulation moved federal law into the areas of protection of civil rights.

second

Critics of the stakeholder model argue that it:

seeks to give power to the powerless by replacing force with ethical duty.

A company that uses business necessity as a justification must:

show how the practice in question is job-related and essential.

The network of human relations that consists of ideas, institutions, and material things is a(n) ________.

society

Bias by humans toward members of their own class and prejudice against members of other kind is known as:

speciesism

The invention of the _____ in the late 1700s and its widespread use beginning in the early 1800s triggered the Industrial Revolution.

steam engine

The right to purchase a specific number of shares of a company's stock for a specified price at a future date is called a:

stock option.

Acid rain is caused primarily by two air borne pollutants:

sulfur dioxide and oxides of nitrogen

Nonpolluting economic growth that improves the standard of living of people without depleting the net resources of the earth is called:

sustainable development

All of the following are examples of environmental performance indicators in the triple bottom line EXCEPT:

taxes paid.

In the late 1800s and early 1900s, manufacturers were well protected from liability suits brought by injured customers because of two formidable obstacles in the law. What were they?

the principle of caveat emptor and the doctrine of privity

The law of _____ addresses the issue of private wrongs committed by one person against another person or his/her property.

torts

A _____ is an agent of a company whose corporate role puts him/her in a position of power over the fate of not just stockholders, but also of others such as customers, employees, and communities.

trustee

The ____ date is the date when the holder of stock options can exercise the option.

vesting

The idea that character development is the wellspring of ethical behavior is known as the:

virtue ethic.

Product liability:

was not a progressive part of the law until the 1960s

The Environmental Protection Agency:

writes detailed, specific rules needed to make environmental laws work.

Which ethnic group, as defined by the U.S. Census, represents the fastest-growing segment of the labor force? A. African-Americans. B. Hispanics. C. Asians. D. Native Americans.

C. Asians.

Which of the following is a legal defense that a company can use to fight a disparate impact charge? A. Affirmative action B. Systematic discrimination C. Business necessity D. The 80 percent rule

C. Business necessity

Sexual harassment applies to: A. Only men who are being harassed. B. Only women who are being harassed. C. Either men or women who are being harassed. D. Only attractive employees who are being harassed.

C. Either men or women who are being harassed.

All companies with 15 or more employees fall under the jurisdiction of Title VII and must report annually to the _____ the number of minorities and women in various job categories. A. Employment Development Department B. Bureau of Labor Statistics C. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission D. National Labor Relations Board

C. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission

According to which of the following is discrimination in favor of protected groups benevolent of intention? A. Distributive justice B. Compensatory justice C. Ethical theories of rights D. Utilitarian ethics

C. Ethical theories of rights

The Civil Rights Act of 1875 was based on the _____ Amendment. A. Sixteenth B. Thirteenth C. Fourteenth D. Fifteenth

C. Fourteenth

_____ refers to an invisible barrier of sex discrimination thwarting the advance of women to top corporate positions. A. Glass closet B. Glass elevator C. Glass ceiling D. Bamboo ceiling

C. Glass ceiling