MGMT 309 - Chapter 3

46) Based on Hofstede's value dimensions, countries in which nationalism is less pronounced, protests are tolerated, and job mobility is common are high on ________.

C) uncertainty avoidance

18) The first step for an international manager toward cultural sensitivity should be to ________.

C) understand his or her own culture

2) ________ is an outsider's seemingly natural ability to interpret someone's unfamiliar and ambiguous gestures in just the way that person's compatriots and colleagues would.

D) Cultural intelligence

8) ________ comprises the shared values, understandings, assumptions, and goals that over time are passed on and imposed by members of a group or society.

D) Culture

20) ________ refers to the belief that the practices of one's own country are best no matter where or under what conditions they are applied.

D) Ethnocentrism

60) Which of the following is true of the attitude toward work in Mexican culture?

D) Leisure time is more important than work.

57) Which of the following Trompenaars's value dimensions explains the source of power and status in society?

D) achievement versus ascription

32) Austria and Germany value competition and have a "can-do" attitude. Therefore, according to the GLOBE project, Austria and Germany are most likely to be ________ societies.

D) assertive

35) People in Singapore and Denmark are inclined toward long-term planning. According to the GLOBE project, such societies score high on ________.

D) future orientation

13) An organization where employees typically wear casual clothes and interact casually is most likely to have a(n) ________ organizational culture.

D) informal

50) Which of the following is NOT one of Trompenaars' s value dimensions?

D) intrinsic versus extrinsic

41) According to Hofstede, societies that accept strong hierarchical boss-subordinate relationships are high on ________.

D) power distance

14) Which of the following is a drawback of organizational culture?

D) resistance to change

68) Which of the following is likely to cause offense in Saudi Arabia?

A) introducing business subjects too soon

15) Which of the following is an advantage of organizational culture?

A) long-term commitment

61) Which of the following factors can cause changes in traditional, non-Western societies?

A) media exposure

6) Global managers who exhibit cultural intelligence and cultural sensitivity will most likely be able to ________.

A) negotiate effectively in expatriate assignments

67) Which of the following is NOT a typical characteristic of the Arab culture?

A) open admission of mistakes

53) In which of the following societies are people more likely to pass on inside information to a friend?

A) particularistic

70) Which of the following is a predominant characteristic of the Chinese management style?

A) paternalism

31) Which of the following is a cultural dimension identified by the GLOBE Project team?

A) power distance

17) The unconscious reference point of one's own cultural values is called a(n) ________.

A) self-reference criterion

26) According to Harris and Moran, which of the following is NOT a category that forms the subsystems in any society?

A) societal system

23) Canada consists of distinct groups such as Anglophones, Francophones, and indigenous Canadians. This is an example of ________.

A) subculture

27) The main purpose of Harris and Moran's eight categories is ________.

A) to show how subsystems in a society affect an individual's behavior

49) Which of the following is true of countries with low masculinity?

C) more women in high-level jobs

69) With regard to small family businesses in China, a "guanxi" can be best described as a ________.

C) network of relationships centered on mutual obligations and favors

52) Based on Trompenaars's value dimensions, which of the following is a characteristic of the particularistic approach?

C) obligation toward relationships

12) Which of the following represents the expectations, norms, and goals held in common by members of a specific company or group?

C) organizational culture

19) Which of the following terms refers to the expectation that foreigners should automatically fall into host-country patterns of behavior?

C) parochialism

36) Managers from Singapore, New Zealand, and Hong Kong tend to take initiative and have a sense of urgency, and the confidence to get things done. According to the GLOBE project, such managers score high on the cultural dimension of ________.

C) performance orientation

29) Which of the following subsystems is most likely to underlie both moral and economic norms?

C) religious system

5) International managers can benefit greatly from cultural sensitivity because it ________.

A) enables them to develop appropriate policies

73) Creolization is the process where immigrants completely disregard all aspects of the local culture.

FALSE

74) Organizational culture tends to be stronger than societal culture.

FALSE

77) According to the GLOBE project team, highly assertive societies emphasize loyalty and solidarity.

FALSE

78) Future-oriented societies tend to place more emphasis on instant gratification.

FALSE

80) Humane orientation measures the extent to which a society takes part in self-enhancement.

FALSE

84) Achievement and personal capabilities are valued in collectivistic societies.

FALSE

85) Social loafing is common in a collectivistic society.

FALSE

87) In specific-oriented cultures, work spills over into personal relationships and vice versa.

FALSE

88) In an ascription-oriented society, the source of status and influence is based on how well one performs the job and what level of education and experience one has to offer.

FALSE

65) Based on the study conducted by Harris and Moran, which of the following is NOT a workplace behavior of most Americans?

A) following a formal culture

37) Med-Tex, a large pharmaceutical firm based in Texas, wants to establish its presence by expanding overseas. The company's executives evaluate locations across the world for the most suitable place to build the latest Med-Tex manufacturing facility. Which of the following, if true, best supports the argument that Med-Tex should build its new facility in Ireland?

A) Expanding into a similar culture reduces risks associated with different attitudes, values, and communication styles.

51) According to Trompenaars's value dimensions, which of the following is true of the universalistic approach?

A) It emphasizes applying rules and systems objectively.

48) Which of the following is a primary characteristic of masculine societies?

A) assertiveness

21) An international manager can best develop an understanding of a particular culture by ________.

A) creating a cultural profile for that country or region in which the firm does business

9) Globalization, in all its forms of personal and business contacts and information crossing borders, brings about changes that result in ________.

A) cultural diffusion

4) Cultural sensitivity is also known as ________.

A) cultural empathy

16) ________ is the phenomenon of the shifting of individual management styles to become more similar to one another.

B) Convergence

3) ________ is the awareness of and an honest caring about another individual's culture.

B) Cultural empathy

22) According to contingency management, international managers need to ________.

B) adapt their management styles to the local setting and people

34) According to the GLOBE project, which of the following cultural dimensions refers to how much people in a society are expected to be tough, confrontational, and competitive versus modest and tender?

B) assertiveness

38) All of the following are value dimensions proposed by Hofstede EXCEPT ________.

B) assertiveness

39) Workplaces in high power distance cultures will most likely be characterized by ________.

B) autocratic leadership

47) According to Hofstede, tight social frameworks, emotional dependence on belonging to the organization, and a strong belief in group decisions are characteristics of ________.

B) collectivism

7) Which of the following is a primary reason for failed expatriate assignments?

B) cross-cultural differences

1) Cultural intelligence is also known as ________.

B) cultural quotient

11) Which of the following is NOT categorized as a sociocultural variable of culture?

B) economy

62) Which of the following is NOT a critical operational value difference?

B) etiquette

40) In which of the following countries would an autocratic style of leadership be most effective?

B) high power distance countries

66) Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of the Arab culture?

B) imposition of deadlines

25) Stereotyping should most likely be avoided by international managers because ________.

B) many cultures have diverse subcultures

54) According to Trompenaars's value dimensions, which of the following focuses on the emotional orientation of relationships?

B) neutral versus affective

55) Managers from Italy and Mexico would most likely express their emotions openly during a business situation, while managers from England and Japan would most likely consider such behavior unprofessional. Which of the following Trompenaars's value dimensions explains this difference in behavior and attitude?

B) neutral versus affective

42) According to Hofstede, the extent to which subordinates accept a hierarchical system in a company is known as ________.

B) power distance

56) Based on Trompenaars's value dimensions, in which of the following cultures do managers separate their work and private lives, and tend to be open and direct when communicating with coworkers?

B) specific-oriented

43) Which of the following Hofstede variables is associated with a strong sense of nationalism?

B) uncertainty avoidance

30) Which of the following terms refers to a society's ideas and convictions about what is good or bad and right or wrong?

B) values

59) Which of the following is true of the way Arabs view time?

C) Arabs believe important decisions cannot be rushed.

33) Which of the following is true of a future-oriented country?

C) It focuses on longer time horizon for decisions.

24) ________ refers to the assumption that every member of a society or subculture has the same characteristics or traits without regard to individual differences.

C) Stereotyping

10) When immigrants adopt some aspects of the local culture while keeping aspects of their culture of origin, this process is called ________.

C) creolization

64) The European view of information privacy most likely stems from its ________.

C) culture and history

28) According to Harris and Moran's eight categories, a kinship system refers to the influence of ________.

C) family relationships

45) Based on Hofstede's value dimensions, countries that have strict laws and procedures to which their people adhere closely most likely have ________.

C) high uncertainty avoidance

44) According to Hofstede, the tendency of people to look after themselves and their immediate family and to place less emphasis on the needs of the society is known as ________.

C) individualism

58) According to Trompenaars's value dimensions, if you are born and raised in an achievement society, your source of status will most likely be based upon your ________.

C) level of education

63) Which of the following factors primarily determines how the Internet is used in different countries?

C) local attitude to information privacy

71) Cultural intelligence is also known as cultural quotient.

TRUE

72) Cultural sensitivity requires the willingness to put oneself in another's shoes.

TRUE

75) Contingency management requires managers to adapt to the local environment and people, and to manage accordingly.

TRUE

76) Values are a society's ideas about what is good or bad.

TRUE

79) Performance-oriented societies tend to take initiative and have the confidence to get things done.

TRUE

81) Paternalism and patronage are important in humane-oriented societies.

TRUE

82) High power distance usually results in a centralized structure and autocratic leadership.

TRUE

83) Uncertainty avoidance refers to the extent to which people in a society feel threatened by ambiguous situations.

TRUE

86) Assertiveness and materialism are values of a masculine society.

TRUE

89) Arabs avoid open admission of error at all costs because weakness is a failure to be manly.

TRUE

90) Chinese management style focuses on human-centeredness, family-centeredness, centralization of power, and small size.

TRUE