MGMT 310 Midterm - KU 2022

Expand - Decisional Managerial Role

- Entrepreneur: Adapt themselves and others to change - Disturbance handler: respond to pressure and problems that need immediate action - Resource allocator: Decides who and how much ppl get - Negotiator: Negotiate schedules, goals, projects, outcomes, resources and people raises

Expand - Interpersonal Managerial Roles

- Figurehead: Perform ceremonial duties - Leader: Motivate and encourage workers to organizational goals - Liason: Deal with people outside of their units

Expand - Informational Managerial Role

- Monitor: Scan environ for information - Disseminator: Share info with people in their department - Spokesperson: Share info with people outside their department

The chefs at Lorifusion, a continental restaurant, are given the freedom to try out new ways of presenting their dishes. This helps them avoid monotony and encourages them to innovate. The employees believe that this challenges their skills and keeps them interested and motivated. In the context of managing sources of innovation, which of the following concepts does this scenario best illustrate? a. A creative work environment b. Technological lockout c. Generational change d. A compression approach to innovation

A creative work environment

Which of the following is a new technological design or process that becomes the accepted market standard? a. Technological lockout b. Technological substitution c. A dominant design d. A design iteration

A dominant design

Expand - Conceptual Managerial Skill

Ability to see the organization as a whole; understand the ins and outs and how choices affect all employees

Expand - Human Managerial Skill

Ability to work well with others - All manager groups

Primo Remo Cars recalled one of its car models after it learned about a defect in its engine. By doing so, it met all the expectations of its customers. This is an example of a(n) _____. a. proactive strategy b. reactive strategy c. defensive strategy d. accommodative strategy

Accommodative strategy

Which of the following is a social responsiveness strategy in which a company accepts responsibility for a problem and does all that society expects to solve that problem? a. Reactive strategy b. Accommodative strategy c. Defensive strategy d. Discretionary strategy

Accommodative strategy

Expand - Motivation to manage Managerial Skill

Assessment to how enthusiastic employees are about managing the work of others

To motivate employees to perform better, the human resources department of Martianse, a chain of retail apparel stores, replaced the company's fixed incentive system with a performance-based incentive system. In this scenario, Martianse's human resources department is most likely using _____. a. behavioral opportunism b. behavioral substitution c. behavioral deskilling d. behavioral disorientation

Behavioral substitution

As soon as she allocates tasks to her subordinates, Yendira, an account manager, thinks about the next set of tasks that she can allocate to them so that she can gain credit from her superiors in the organization. Which of the following management mistakes is evident by this act of Yendira? a. Being overly ambitious b. Inability to staff effectively c. Overdependence on mentor d. Insensitivity to others

Being overly ambitious

The vertical line of authority that clarifies who reports to whom throughout the organization is known as an organization's _____. a. staff function b. chain of command c. degree of centralization d. span of control

Chain of command

Which of the following are forces that produce differences in the form, quality, or condition of an organization over time? a. Defiance forces b. Resistance forces c. Change forces d. Effort forces

Change forces

Which of the following methods should be used as a last resort when managing resistance to change? a. Encourage employee participation b. Providing significant managerial support c. Coercion d. Educate employees about the need for change

Coercion

Opulent Inc., a furniture design company based in Winona, designs a wide range of office and household furniture. Umber Corp. has recently started offering custom-made furniture in the same city. The managers at Opulent conduct research to find out the strengths and weaknesses of Umber. The managers also try to figure out the strategies used by Umber. In the given scenario, which of the following strategies is being used by the managers at Opulent Inc.? a. Proactive monitoring b. Cost-benefit analysis c. Demographic segmentation d. Competitive analysis

Competitive analysis

Which of the following are defined as companies in the same industry that sell similar products or services to customers? a. Lobbies b. Competitors c. Sponsors d. Intermediaries

Competitors

Expand - Acting on threats and opportunities

Deciding what to do under conditions of uncertainty is always difficult.

Claire is a manager at an information technology (IT) firm. She notices a consistent drop in the productivity of her employees. She is not able to find the reason behind this drop. In the context of rational decision-making, which of the following steps should Claire take first? a. Computing the optimal decision b. Defining the problem c. Generating alternative courses of action d. Identifying decision criteria

Defining the problem

As a supervisor at an automobile service center, Jacob is bossy, arrogant, and insensitive to the needs of his subordinates. He is unable to delegate tasks effectively. This scenario illustrates that Jacob has the characteristics of a(n) _____. a. derailer b. empathetic leader c. arriver d. transformational leader

Derailer

Jin is the operations manager of a car manufacturing company in the United States. He wants to set up production plants in three other countries by the end of the current year. After he has set this goal, which of the following is the next step he should ideally take in order to achieve this goal? a. Track progress toward goal achievement b. Determine the profits the production plants will make c. Reward hard working employees for their work d. Develop commitment to the goal

Develop commitment to the goal

To reduce manual errors, Debronth Inc., a machinery manufacturing company, automated most of its production processes using computer numeric control (CNC) machines. This reduced the labor cost, wastage of raw materials, and rejection of finished goods due to quality issues. In the context of management, the automation of production processes at Debronth Inc. exemplifies _____. a. contingency b. efficiency c. synergy d. autonomy

Efficiency

The most popular approach to increase goal commitment is to _____. a. develop less challenging goals b. minimize employee involvement in planning c. encourage employee participation while setting goals d. ask the top management to assign goals

Encourage employee participation while setting goals

_______ refers to the number and the intensity of external factors in the environment that affect organizations. a. Environmental complexity b. Environmental scarcity c. Environmental sustainability d. Environmental uncertainty

Environmental complexity

Which of the following is a psychological state of effortlessness, in which you become completely absorbed in what you are doing and time seems to pass quickly? a. The id b. Flow c. Refreezing d. The superego

Flow

Jasemach Inc., a machinery manufacturing company, has organized its labor force into separate divisions for procurement, marketing, accounting, sales, transportation, and production. Given this information, which of the following organizational structures is Jasemach Inc. most likely following? a. Product departmentalization b. Geographic departmentalization c. Customer departmentalization d. Functional departmentalization

Functional departmentalization

A barrier to good decision-making caused by pressure within a group for members to agree with each other is called what? a. Groupshift b. In-group favoritism c. Group polarization d. Groupthink

Groupthink

Which of the following is a barrier to good decision-making caused by pressure within a group for members to agree with each other? a. Groupthink b. In-group favoritism c. Groupshift d. Group polarization

Groupthink

Leon, the leader of the sales team at a company that manufactures baby products, is a good team player and is sensitive to the needs and viewpoints of his team members. Leon most likely possesses high _____. a. planning skills b. conceptual skills c. technical skills d. human skills

Human skills

In a basic model of ethical decision making, after a problem has been identified, the next step is to _____. a. analyze the available options b. develop alternative solutions c. diagnose the situation d. identify the constituents

Identify the constituents

Metta, a bank manager, is referred to as a tough boss by her subordinates because she uses bullying management styles to get things done. She sends intimidating emails to the clerical staff at her branch, she threatens the cashier to tally the cash transactions within a particular time limit, and she is abrasive to her subordinates when they try to justify their actions. In this scenario, which of the following is the most evident management mistake being committed by Metta? a. Overmanaging b. Insensitivity to others c. Inability to staff effectively d. Being overly ambitious

Insensitivity to others

Managerial Roles

Interpersonal, Informational, Decisional

Which of the following is an advantage of product departmentalization? a. It makes cross-department coordination less problematic b. It allows managers and workers to specialize in one area of expertise c. It results in slower decision making by managers and workers d. It reduces costs by reducing duplication

It allows managers and workers to specialize in one area of expertise

Which of the following is an advantage of geographic departmentalization? a. It lowers costs by reducing duplication. b. It can reduce costs by locating unique organizational resources closer to customers. c. It eases the achievement of coordination among managers of different departments. d. It allows managers and workers to specialize in one area of expertise.

It can reduce costs by locating unique organizational resources closer to customers.

Which of the following statements is true of resistance to change? a. Employees are more likely to resist change if they have to participate in planning and implementing the change process. b. It decreases when change efforts receive significant managerial support. c. It is used to manage innovation in more certain environments during periods of incremental change. d. Employees are more likely to resist change if they are asked to focus on short-term wins, rather than long-term goals.

It decreases when change efforts receive significant managerial support.

Which of the following best defines delegation of authority? a. It is the assignment of direct responsibility to a subordinate to complete tasks for which the manager is normally responsible. b. It is the right to give commands, take action, and make decisions to achieve organizational objectives. c. It is the right to advise but not command others who are not subordinates in the chain of command. d. It is the activity that takes place within an organization to transform inputs into outputs that customers value.

It is the assignment of direct responsibility to a subordinate to complete tasks for which the manager is normally responsible.

A ___ is created when a company organizes jobs based on the number, type and differentiation of tasks a worker performs. a. Job enrichment b. Job rotation c. Job enlargement d. Job design

Job design

In the context of job design, which of the following allows companies to retain the economic benefits of specialized work because employees simply switch from one specialized job to another? a. Job enrichment b. Job rotation c. Job enlargement d. Job empowerment

Job rotation

Sheldon, the station manager of Reflect FM, a radio station, has the power to assign duties to the station's radio program controllers who report to him. In the context of organizational authority, Sheldon most likely has _____. a. line authority b. horizontal authority c. pseudo-authority d. staff authority

Line authority

Molly, the marketing manager of an automobile manufacturing company, is responsible for pricing products, conducting market research, and designing advertising campaigns and promotional activities for the company. In the context of organizational authority, which of the following functions does Molly most likely perform? a. Staff function b. Line function c. Advisory function d. Support function

Line function

What is a distal goal? a. Long-term goal b. Future goal c. Primary goal d. Short-term goal

Long-term goal

In the context of the planning process, which of the following is most likely to be useful when conceived goals turn out not to be achievable? a. Maintaining flexibility when making plans b. Tracking progress toward goal achievement c. Developing commitment to goals d. Developing long-term action plans

Maintaining flexibility when making plans

Organizational encouragement of creativity occurs when _____. a. work group members foster mutual openness to ideas b. supervisors provide clear goals c. management encourages risk taking and new ideas d. open interaction with subordinates is encouraged

Management encourages risk taking and new ideas

Which of the following is a hybrid organizational structure in which two or more forms of departmentalization are used together? a. Functional departmentalization b. Product departmentalization c. Matrix departmentalization d. Customer departmentalization

Matrix departmentalization

In the context of federal regulatory agencies and commissions, which of these stops companies from engaging in unfair workforce practices? a. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission b. Federal Trade Commission c. National Labor Relations Board d. Occupational Safety and Health Administration

National Labor Relations Board

Amanda, the sales manager at an e-commerce fashion site, sets the annual, monthly, and weekly targets of all the salespeople in the company. She sets these targets in such a way that the salespeople work toward achieving the organizational goals. In this scenario, which of the following management functions does Amanda perform? a. Organizing b. Planning c. Controlling d. Leading

Planning

The managers at Richellath follow standing plans that broadly define the action that needs to be taken when their subordinates do not meet deadlines. These plans also discuss the intended outcome of the given action. Given this information, the standing plans in this scenario can be referred to as _____. a. artifacts b. prototypes c. policies d. heuristics

Policies

In the context of operational plans, which of the following is a difference between policies and procedures? a. Policies indicate the general course of action that managers should take in response to a particular event, whereas procedures indicate the specific steps that managers should take in response to a particular event. b. Policies are plans that cover one-time-only events, whereas procedures are plans that can be used for recurring events. c. Policies are single-use plans, whereas procedures are standing plans. d. Policies are strategic plans that are developed and carried out by the lower-level managers of a company, whereas procedures are tactical plans that are developed and carried out by the middle management of a company.

Policies indicate the general course of action that managers should take in response to a particular event, whereas procedures indicate the specific steps that managers should take in response to a particular event.

Will is the production manager of the sterile ophthalmic formulations division of Pharmogrep, a pharmaceutical manufacturing company. Other divisions in the company include sterile otic formulations, nonsterile nasal formulations, and nonsterile otic formulations. In this scenario, which of the following organizational structures does Pharmogrep most likely follow? a. Customer departmentalization b. Product departmentalization c. Geographic departmentalization d. Functional departmentalization

Product departmentalization

Lemsey Corp. specializes in creating computer software. It has been working on an antivirus software that doesn't need regular updates and has the most comprehensive virus database in the market. This software is being tested for design, function, and reliability. In the context of the experiential approach to innovation, the antivirus is a _____. a. product prototype b. customized product c. low-feasibility product d. dominant design

Product prototype

Jennifer is always the last one to enter the workplace and the first one to leave. She has an eight-hour shift at work but only does six hours of work every day. In the context of workplace deviance, this is an example of _____. a. property deviance b. political deviance c. personal aggression d. production deviance

Production deviance

Which of the following is a difference between property deviance and production deviance? a. Property deviance affects company possessions and products, whereas production deviance affects the quality of work produced. b. Property deviance is aimed at gaining illegal ownership of a company, whereas production deviance is aimed at obtaining illegal products. c. Property deviance influences employees to steal company merchandise, whereas production deviance influences employees to endanger coworkers. d. Property deviance falls into the category of workplace deviance, whereas production deviance falls into the category of political deviance.

Property deviance affects company possessions and products, whereas production deviance affects the quality of work produced.

In the context of managing resistance to change, which of the following is supporting and reinforcing new changes so that they stick? a. Temporal immediacy b. Proximity of effect c. Refreezing d. Unfreezing

Refreezing

Which of the following types of departmentalization does not exist? a. Functional b. Matrix c. Regional d. Customer

Regional

Cheizza, a pizza vendor in the country of Wisbane, believes that the taste of fresh cheese in its pizzas is its unique selling point. However, recently there has been a rise in the number of pizza vendors in Wisbane who have also started using fresh cheese to prepare their pizzas. This has led to a drastic increase in the demand for cheese. However, the amount of milk produced in the country is insufficient to meet the increased demand for cheese. In the context of changing environments, which of the following does this scenario best illustrate? a. Punctuated equilibrium b. Discontinuous change c. Resource scarcity d. Buyer dependence

Resource scarcity

Which of the following is the abundance or shortage of critical organizational resources in an organization's external environment? a. Resource augmentation b. Resource equilibrium c. Resource leveling d. Resource scarcity

Resource scarcity

In an organization, environmental uncertainty is lowest when: a. Environmental change is high b. Resources are plentiful c. Environmental complexity is high d. Resource scarcity is high

Resources are plentiful

A business's obligation to pursue policies, make decisions, and take actions that benefit society is known as social _____. a. loafing b. networking c. engineering d. responsibility

Responsibility

Nearly all technology cycles follow what pattern of innovation? a. Cyclical b. S-curve c. C-curve d. Irregular

S-curve

Daniel has started a small shoe manufacturing company. He has a tight budget and does not want the best equipment at the moment, so he is using equipment that is good enough to work with. In this scenario, Daniel is _____. a. specializing b. maximizing c. satisficing d. discounting

Satisfying

3 types of changing external environmental changes

Scanning, Interpreting environmental factors, acting on threats and opportunities

Expand - Environmental scanning

Searching the environment for important events or issues that might affect an organization.

Managers can use overt integrity tests to _____. a. differentiate between the ethics of primary and secondary stakeholders b. reinforce the ethical principle of individual rights c. select and hire ethical employees d. assess the ethical intensity of an issue

Select and hire ethical employees

Expand - Technical Managerial Skill

Specialized procedures, techniques and knowledge required to get the job done. - Ability to find new sales prospects, develop accurate sales pitches, and close sales. (Sales Managers) - Team leaders and low-lvl managers

Which of the following is defined as a more specific goal than the organization's purpose that unifies company-wide efforts, stretches and challenges the organization, and possesses a finish line and a time frame? a. Single-use plan b. Mission statement c. Strategic objective d. Vision statement

Strategic objective

Ecru Inc. is a company that regularly provides dairy products and meat to a fast-food chain. In this scenario, Ecru Inc. is a(n) _____. a. competitor b. supplier c. buyer d. internal stakeholder

Supplier

Chocblur is the only wholesaler of cooking chocolate in the town of Wescanso. Klemmy's, a famous dessert shop in Wescanso, purchases cooking chocolate only from Chocblur because transporting the chocolate from other towns would increase its overall expenses. In the context of the specific environment, which of the following concepts does this scenario best illustrate? a. Internal dependence b. Buyer dependence c. Supplier dependence d. Path dependence

Supplier dependence

Juyoung, a middle manager at an electronic accessories company, presents a detailed estimate of the budget and the required number of temporary salespeople needed for the next year. In this scenario, Juyoung has most likely contributed to developing the company's _____. a. operational plan b. tactical plan c. single-use plan d. strategic plan

Tactical plan

Ciana is a certified public accountant. Because of her qualification, she gets a job as the finance manager of a leading manufacturing firm. Which of the following skills is Ciana most likely to possess? a. Conceptual skills b. Technical skills c. Human skills d. Planning skills

Technical Skills

Paul works at a graphic designing firm. He can efficiently work on various graphic design software. He can create visuals and illustrations as per clients' requirements. This scenario illustrates that Paul has _____. a. interpersonal skills b. conceptual skills c. technical skills d. negotiation skills

Technical Skills

Managerial Skills

Technical, human, conceptual, motivation to manage

In the context of ethical intensity of decisions, ____ is the time between an act and the consequences the act produces. a. Proximity of effect b. Temporal immediacy c. Magnitude of consequences d. Probability of effect

Temporal immediacy

Which of the following is a systematic comparison of different product designs or design iterations? a. Prototype b. Testing c. Milestone d. Experiential approach to innovation

Testing

In the context of creation and maintenance of organizational cultures, a primary source of organizational culture is _____. a. a new employee b. the company founder c. a new customer d. the board of directors

The company founder

Expand - Interpreting environmental factors

The consideration of strategic alternatives for taking advantage of those events to improve company performance.

External environments

The forces and events outside a company that have the potential to influence or affect it

Environmental change

The rate at which a company's general and specific environments change. In stable environments, the rate of environmental change is slow.

In the context of interorganizational processes, which of the following is a disadvantage of modular organizations? a. They are characterized by a loss of control that occurs when key business activities are outsourced to other companies. b. They are slow because members cannot combine their efforts to meet customers' needs. c. They are unstable and have temporary relationships in a network alliance. d. They cost significantly more to run than traditional organizations because of the addition of outsourcing costs to their fixed costs.

They are characterized by a loss of control that occurs when key business activities are outsourced to other companies.

According to Linda Hill's study, which of the following is true of managers' initial expectations about their job? a. They believe that their job is to tell others what to do. b. They think that their job is to be a problem solver for subordinates. c. They think of themselves as managers and not doers. d. They tend to expect a heavy workload.

They believe that their job is to tell others what to do.

In the context of managing resistance to change, which of the following is an error that managers make during the unfreezing stage? a. They do not establish a great enough sense of urgency. b. They undercommunicate the vision by a factor of 10. c. They do not systematically plan for short-term wins. d. They lack a vision for change.

They do not establish a great enough sense of urgency

Which of the following is an error that managers make during the unfreezing stage? a. They do not systematically plan for short-term wins. b. They lack a vision for change. c. They do not establish a great enough sense of urgency. d. They undercommunicate the vision by a factor of 10.

They do not establish a great enough sense of urgency

In the context of the post-conventional level of moral development, which of the following statements is true of individuals in the universal principle stage? a. They look for external guidance and do whatever the law permits. b. They stick to their principles even if their decision conflicts with the law. c. They believe that society is better off when the rights of others are not violated. d. They worry less about punishment and more about doing things that directly advance their wants.

They stick to their principles even if their decision conflicts with the law.

Which of the following is an objective of ethics training programs for employees? a. To enforce flexible ethical standards b. To discourage employees from reporting violations c. To achieve credibility with employees d. To delegate decision-making authority to all employees

To achieve credibility with employees

In the context of managing organizational change, which of the following is a difference between unfreezing and refreezing? a. Unfreezing occurs through coercion, whereas refreezing occurs through education and communication. b. Unfreezing is getting the people affected by change to believe that change is needed, whereas refreezing is supporting and reinforcing the new changes so that they stick. c. Unfreezing focuses on long-term goals, whereas refreezing focuses on short-term goals. d. Unfreezing takes place only at the lower levels of an organization, whereas refreezing takes place only at the higher levels of an organization.

Unfreezing is getting the people affected by change to believe that change is needed, whereas refreezing is supporting and reinforcing the new changes so that they stick.

Which of the following is not part of the "organizational change process" proposed by Kurt Lewin? a. unfreezing b. unsticking c. Change Intervention d. Refreezing

Unsticking

The act of reporting others' ethics violations to management or legal authorities is known as _____. a. agenda setting b. brainstorming c. bootstrapping d. whistleblowing

Whistleblowing

In the context of the internal and external forces that affect business, which of the following is a difference between stable environments and dynamic environments? a. In stable environments, fundamental changes are observed in the environment, whereas in dynamic environments, incremental changes occur. b. In stable environments, the rate of environmental change is slow, whereas in dynamic environments, the rate of environmental change is fast. c. The stable environment of a company is only related to the external factors affecting the company, whereas the dynamic environment of a company is only related to the internal factors affecting the company. d. Companies with stable environments experience changing customer preferences and attitudes, whereas companies with dynamic environments experience a fixed set of customer needs.

b. In stable environments, the rate of environmental change is slow, whereas in dynamic environments, the rate of environmental change is fast.

Relish Inc. is a fruit juice manufacturing company. The company ensures that raw materials are fully utilized. It also makes sure that minimal waste is produced. The juice extracting and packaging units of the company are designed in such a way that the quality of its products is maintained with minimal costs. Relish is involved in achieving _____. a. efficiency b. effectiveness c. autonomy d. power

efficiency

Which type of structure is created when a company organizes activities in a hybrid design using two or more forms? a. product b. matrix c. geographic d. customer

matrix

A transaction in which one party in the relationship benefits at the expense of the other is referred to as _____. a. opportunistic behavior b. relationship behavior c. advocacy behavior d. transactional behavior

opportunistic behavior

5 Management Functions

planning, organizing, coordinating, commanding (leading), controlling

In the context of planning from top to bottom, the top management is responsible for developing _____. a. tactical plans b. operational plans c. standing plans d. strategic plans

strategic plans