MGMT 339 Midterm
information
- Details about project/set of conclusions derived from data analysis - Set of conclusions from analysis of data - Heavily influences decision-making
Organizing
- Determining tasks and groupings of work - Assigning tasks to individuals in the organization
Role of Management
- Guide organizations toward goal accomplishment - Combine and use organizational resources to ensure organizations achieve their purpose - Encourage individual activities are focused on reaching organizational goals - Focus on activities or other factors that may get in the way of goal achievement
Advantages of Planning
- Helps managers become future-oriented - Enhances decision coordination - Emphasizes organizational objectives - Helps ensure sustainability of the firm - Helps managers identify and deal with problems that arise as the firm conducts its business
Which of the following is the first step in the MBO process?
Review organizational objectives
Facts or statistics crucial to the controlling process are called ________.
data
In a career, an individual should be primarily focused on _____.
developing skills to qualify for the next planned job
The closer an organization comes to achieving its goals, the more ________ its managers are considered.
effective
The higher the proportion of total organizational resources that contributes to productivity during the manufacturing process, the more __________ the manager.
efficient
process
Any activity or group of activities that takes one or more inputs, transforms them, and provides one or more outputs for its customers
Management _____ skills refer to a person's ability to gain and maintain a career as a manager.
employability
During which career stage do individuals who are about 25 to 45 years old start to become more productive or higher performers?
establishment
Which evolutionary stage of a career occurs at the beginning of a career and is characterized by self-analysis and the exploration of different types of available jobs?
exploration
Gymtastic was able to serve large crowds of customers and then adjust operations to serve very few customers thanks to their competitive capability related to
flexibility.
Which term refers to the process of predicting the likelihood of uncertain events or outcomes that will influence the operation of the organization?
forecasting
Which of the following is NOT a stage in the product life cycle? A. Introduction B. Saturation C. Decline D. Formation E. Growth
formation
Essentially, the role of managers is to ________.
guide organizations toward goal accomplishment
____________ refers to details about a project or the set of conclusions resulting from data analysis.
information
Stages of Product Life Cycle
introduction, growth, maturity, saturation, decline
The _____________ method involves specific managers in an organization gathering to discuss their opinions on what will happen to sales in the future.
jury of executive opinion
Steven is currently 52 years old. In his job, Steven has stabilized performance and has little career progress. Steven is most likely in the career evolution stage of: __________.
maintenance
Which term refers to the process of reaching organizational goals by working with and through people and other organizational resources?
management
An electronics company is currently looking at the share of total sales it has compared to competitors. This is an example of a ________standard.
market position
Drucker recommended eight key areas where managers should set system objectives, including setting objectives indicating where the company would like to be vis-à-vis its competitors. This is referred to as ________.
market standing
Decisions that relate to ensuring that specific organizational tasks are carried out correctly are called _______ decisions.
operational control
The foundation for managing processes and value chains is
operations strategy.
Which core process includes the activities required to produce and deliver the service or product to the external customer?
order fulfillment process
________ includes determining tasks and groupings of work.
organizing
General Electric (GE) has _____, which include the type of training programs that GE employees should undergo to expand their skill set.
personnel development standards
Determining which tasks must be performed to attain organizational goals is part of which management function?
planning
The function that precedes and forms the basis for other management functions is ________.
planning
Which term refers to the process of determining how an organization can get where it wants to go, and what it will do to accomplish its objectives?
planning
Siamese twins of management
planning and controlling
Managerial Functions
planning, organizing, leading, controlling
A ________ is a standing plan that furnishes broad guidelines for taking action consistent with reaching organizational objectives.
policy
A _________ is a plan that furnishes broad guidelines for taking action consistent with reaching organizational objectives.
policy
Which type of plan supplies broad guidelines for action that support organizational objectives?
policy
Robert is a manager who is able to convince his employees to work late. This is an example of Robert using ________.
power
A plan that outlines a series of related actions that must be taken to accomplish a particular task is called a ________.
procedure
During the ________ stage of the product life cycle, sales are primarily based on the need to replace products.
saturation
________ involves developing a list of activities and following time tables for the purpose of attaining an objective.
scheduling
If "every process and every person in an organization has customers," then
some customers are external and some are internal.
At the Holiday Hotel, maids are told they need to completely clean a room in 5 minutes or less for their performance to be considered adequate. This specific time limit would best be described as a ________.
standard
A(n) _______________ is the established level of performance to serve as a model for evaluating an employee's success.
standard
Decisions that tend to focus on the entire organization, cutting across departmental lines, and have long-term consequences are called
strategic
A manager is making a decision related to the future objectives of the organization as a whole. This would likely be characterized as a(n) _______ decision.
strategic planning
An indicator that an issue or weakness exists is known as a(n) _______.
symptom
When Will tries to boot up his work computer, it loads very slowly. This is a ______ that suggests his computer may have a major issue such as a virus.
symptom
Competitive Capabilities
the cost, quality, time, and flexibility dimensions that a process or supply chain actually possesses and is able to deliver
Competitive Priorities
the critical dimensions that a process or supply chain must possess to satisfy its internal or external customers, both now and in the future
Managerial Efficiency
the degree to which an organization uses its resources wisely
power
the extent to which an individual is able to influence others so they respond to orders
Operations Strategy
the means by which operations implements the firm's corporate strategy and helps to build a customer-driven firm
What is the third step of the MBO process?
Monitoring progress
Which two management functions have been called the "Siamese twins of management" because they are so closely linked?
Planning and controlling
total power
Positional Power + Personal Power
There are six steps in the planning process. What is step 4?
Choosing the best alternative for reaching objectives
A credit card-processing firm would be likely to list the following competitive priorities for its external customers:
Consistent quality
Which management function is involved with ensuring that an event occurs as it was intended to occur?
Controlling
What refers to the managerial activity aimed at getting organizational performance up to the level of performance standards?
Corrective action
Purposes of Planning
- Minimize risk by reducing uncertainties - Increase degree of organizational success - Establish a coordinated effort within the organization - Facilitate the accomplishment of the organization and its objectives
Controlling
- Monitoring and measuring organizational performance - Determining if organization should be modified to meet pre-established standards
Quantitative Sales Forecasting
- Moving Average - Regression - Product Stages
Develop these attitudes and beliefs in organization members
- Sense of obligation toward manager - Belief manager possesses a significant level of expertise within organization - Sense of identification with manager - Perception of dependence on manager
Planning
- Setting organizational goals - Identifying actions to achieve the goals
Influencing
- Working with people within organizations - Guiding the activities of organization members in appropriate directions
Qualitative Sales Forecasting
- jury of executive opinion - delphi - sales force estimation method
Scheduling Process
-Formulating detailed listings of activities that must be accomplished to attain an objective -Allocating resources necessary to attain the objective -Setting up and following time tables for completing the objective
Factors Influencing Value of Information
-Information Appropriateness -Information Quality -Information Timeliness -Information Quantity
3 characteristics of management
-It is a process or series of continuing and related activities -It involves and concentrates on reaching organizational goals -It reaches these goals by working with and through people and other organizational resources
single use plans
-programs -budgets
guidelines for establishing quality objectives
1) Let the people responsible for attaining the objectives have a voice in setting them 2) State objectives as specifically as possible 3) Relate objectives to specific actions whenever possible 4) Pinpoint expected results 5) Set goals high enough that people will have to strive to meet them, but not so high that they will give up trying to meet them 6) Set a time frame, a completion date for when goals are expected to be achieved 7) State objectives clearly and simply
Controlling Process
1. Measuring performance 2. Comparing measured performance to standards 3. Taking corrective action
Steps in the Planning Process
1. State organizational objectives 2. List alternative ways of reaching objectives 3. Develop premises on which to base each alternative 4. Choose the best alternative for reaching objectives 5. Develop plans to pursue the chosen alternative 6. Put the plans into action
the management by objectives (MBO) process
1. organizational objectives reviewed 2. worker objective set 3. progress monitored 4. performance evaluated 5. rewards given
A manager who performs personal favors for other employees is likely attempting to develop _______ among other organizational members?
A sense of obligation toward the manager
Which of the following is an example of a standing plan? A. A sustainability policy B. A management training program C. A program to teach workers about new factory machinery D. A departmental budget E. A project budget
A sustainability policy
Gantt Chart
A time and activity bar chart that is used for planning, managing, and controlling major programs that have a distinct beginning and end.
Which of the following considerations is not involved in developing a corporate strategy? A. Developing a staffing plan for the upcoming production period Your answer is correct. B. Responding to pressures for flexibility C. Monitoring and adjusting to changes in the business environment D. Identifying and developing the firm's core competencies
Developing a staffing plan for the upcoming production period
Which of the following outcomes is not a direct result of a market analysis?
Development of core competencies
task related
Efforts aimed at carrying out critical management-related duties
change related
Efforts aimed at modifying organizational components
Program Evaluation and Review Technique (PERT)
Emphasizes the interrelationship of tasks• Estimate the time necessary to complete each activity and the sequence of activities that must be followed to complete the project
control function
Ensuring an event occurs as it was planned to occur
standing
Exist for routine guidelines and actions that occur repeatedly - policies - procedures - rules
Suppose you wanted a planning tool to schedule resources, including human resources and the use of machinery over time, and you wanted it in bar graph form. Which of the following would be the best tool?
Gantt chart
Which of the following is the final step in the MBO process?
Give rewards
4 Types of Organizational Resources
Human Monetary Raw Materials Capital
Which of the following does NOT describe the management process? A. Reaching organizational goals by working with and through people B. Reaching organizational goals by concentrating on the supply of organizational resources C. Reaching goals by working with and through suppliers and vendors D. Implementing a series of activities to achieve long term returns on investments E. Implementing a series of continuing and related activities
Implementing a series of activities to achieve long term returns on investments
What is a behavior that makes the controlling process more effective?
Implementing timely corrective action
What is the affirmative purpose of planning?
Increasing organizational success
__________ determines the relevance of information when a manager faces a decision-making situation.
Information appropriateness
The four primary factors that determine the value of information?
Information appropriateness Information timeliness Information quantity Information quality
Which of the following guidelines for establishing objectives focuses on helping a worker to be better motivated in carrying out an objective? A. Pinpoint expected results. B. Let the people responsible for attaining the objectives have a voice in setting them. C. State objectives as specifically as possible. D. Specify when goals are expected to be achieved. E. State objectives clearly and simply.
Let the people responsible for attaining the objectives have a voice in setting them.
Sarah is planning a department expansion and is meeting with her staff to discuss the most effective ways to handle the change. This is an example of which step in the planning process?
Listing alternative ways of reaching objectives
Which of the following is the second step in the planning process?
Listing alternative ways of reaching objectives
Which management effort would most likely help women focus on important organizational issues?
Making sure that women know the top three strategic goals for the company
The ability to carry out the process of reaching organizational goals by working with and through people and other organizational resources?
Management skill
Which of the following refers to management's use of resources, such as raw materials and capital, in meeting goals?
Managerial effectiveness
Which statement best summarizes how managers influence organizations?
Managers influence all phases of the modern organization.
What is the first step in the controlling process?
Measuring performance
Order Qualifiers
Minimum level required from a set of criteria for a firm to do business in a particular market segment.
What step in the management by objectives process involves the manager and the worker checking to see whether the objectives are being reached?
Monitor progress
Which term refers to a target toward which an open management system is directed?
Organizational objective
Which term describes what an organization exists to do, given a particular group of customers and customer needs?
Organizational purpose
Which of the following are characteristics of service provider operations?
Perishable outputs
Which type of power increases as organization members perceive that the manager's level of expertise is significant?
Personal
Raul is a manager who wants to make sure his subordinates know how he will determine whether an objective has been reached. On which guideline for establishing objectives is Raul focusing?
Pinpointing expected results
Which term is used to describe any factor within an organization that is a barrier to organizational goal attainment?
Problem
Which term refers to any factor within an organization that is a barrier to an organizational goal?
Problem
_______ are the fundamental activities that organizations use to do work and achieve their goals.
Processes
_______ standards address how much different segments of an organization should produce.
Productivity
Corporate Strategy
Provides an overall direction that serves as the framework for carrying out all the organization's functions
Which managerial activity is LEAST relevant to the success and effectiveness of the control process? A. Applying the control process to different kinds of organizational goals B. Regulating control systems to minimize their impact on organization standards Your answer is correct. C. Ensuring that the control process is appropriate to the activity being considered D. Explaining how the control process functions to the individuals involved E. Implementing corrective action quickly to eliminate control problems
Regulating control systems to minimize their impact on organization standards
What is an advantage of using an MBO approach?
Securing employee commitment to reaching organizational goals
Which of the following is the first step in evaluating the quality of organizational information?
Selecting the data to be analyzed and then determining the value of the information
Which of the following is the first step in the planning process?
Stating organizational objectives
What is a characteristic of most MBO programs?
The MBO process secures employee commitment to attaining organizational goals.
Managerial Effectiveness
The degree to which an organization accomplishes its goals
planning
The process of determining how an organization can get where it wants to go and what it will do to accomplish its objectives
Forecasting
The process of predicting future environmental happenings that will influence the operations of the organization
Information is best defined as ________.
The set of conclusions derived from data analysis
Operations Management
The systematic design, direction, and control of processes that transform inputs into services and products for internal, as well as external, customers
order winners
a criterion customers use to differentiate the services or products of one firm from those of another
operation
a group of resources performing all or part of one or more processes
Which of the following is the fundamental purpose of planning?
To help the organization reach its objectives
Market Analysis
Understanding what the customers want and how to provide it. ▪ Market Segmentation ▪ Needs Assessment
At which step would a manager develop strategic and tactical plans in the planning process?
When developing plans to pursue the chosen alternative
The degree to which information is relevant to the current decision being made is called information _______.
appropriateness
Core competencies reflect the collective learning of the organization. Core competencies include
a well-trained, flexible workforce.
Supply Chain Processes
business processes that have external customers or suppliers
Which type of organizational resource is described as machines used during the manufacturing process?
capital
_______ activities are management efforts aimed at modifying organizational components.
change-related
When managers go out of their way to ensure that employees know exactly what details are required to increase the quality of a controlling subsystem, managers are most likely ____________.
communicating the mechanics of the control process
Darren is the supervisor in a manufacturing facility that produces desks and chairs. Control of quality and output is his responsibility. To ensure that he is following the controlling process, after measuring the performance of his employees, he must _____, and then take any corrective action necessary.
compare measured performance to standards
The _______________ management function is focused on collecting data on employee performance and comparing it to previously set standards.
controlling
Yuan is currently looking for information on the recent productivity of his work group. Which management function is he involved with?
controlling
Managerial activity aimed at bringing organizational performance up to the level of performance standards is called ________.
corrective action
Roberta has created a plan to create a new office space for her organization. This is the planning type of ________.
program
Which term describes a single-use plan designed to carry out a special project within an organization?
program
The __________ is a scheduling tool that emphasizes the interrelationship of tasks and shows both the estimates of time necessary to complete each activity and the sequence of activities that must be followed to complete a project.
program evaluation and review technique
A manager is concerned with the degree to which the information she has related represents what is actually occurring. This manager is primarily concerned about information _______.
quality
The primary factors that govern the value of information within an organization include information appropriateness, timeliness, quantity, and _______________.
quality
A standing plan that indicates what an organizational member should or should not do and allows no room for interpretation is known as a(n) ________.
rule
A ________ is a plan that designates specific required action.
rule
Which type of forecast is focused on how many products will be sold to consumers over a specified time period?
sales forecast
A sales forecasting technique that predicts future sales by analyzing the opinions of salespeople as a group is known as the _________________.
salesforce estimation method
critical path
the sequence of activities in a project that is expected to take the longest to complete
Information ___________ refers to the extent to which the receipt of information allows decisions to be made and action to be taken to the benefit of the firm.
timeliness
data
type of facts or statistics
Management principles are ________.
universal
According to the contemporary view of management skills, which set of activities is focused on modifying organizational components such as monitoring the organization's external environment?
Change-related activities
What are the three skills identified by Katz as important for successful management performance?
Technical, human, and conceptual
When taking steps to increase power, the perception can be created that the employees are dependent on the manager. The strategy is to convey clearly the amount of _____ the manager has over organizational _____.
authority, resources
Total power is made up of two types of power: _______ and _________.
position, personal
In market analysis, the needs assessment step identifies
product/service attributes.
Activities that include short term planning and monitoring performance are examples of _____.
task-related activities
Services Characteristics
• Intangible, perishable output • Output cannot be inventoried • High customer contact • Short response time • Labor intensive • Quality not easily measured
manufacturing characteristics
• Physical, durable output • Output can be inventoried• Low customer contact • Long response time• Capital intensive • Quality easily measured
