Music pt 4 Romantic period

Through-composed form

New music for each stanza Vocal form in which there is new music for each stanza of a poem

Absolute music

Nonprogram music Instrumental music having no intended association with a story, poem, idea, or scene

Art song

Setting of a poem for solo voice and piano, translating the poems mood and imagery into music, common in the romantic period Was performed in concert halls but written for intimate settings

Leitmotif

Short musical idea associated with a person, object, or thought, characteristic of the operas of Wagner

Ideé fixe

Single melody used in several movements of a long work to represent a recurring idea.

Rubato

Slight holding back or pressing forward of tempo to intensify the expression of the music, often used in romantic music

Who was the founder of Czech national music?

Smetana was the founder of this

What was Dvorák's music prompted by?

Smetana, Czech national music, spirit of bohemian folk song and dance prompted him

Lied

Song with German text

What works did Tchaikovsky compose?

Symphonies no. 4 5 & 6 Piano concerto no. 1 in B flat minor A violin concerto Overture fantasy Romeo and Juliet Swan lake , sleeping beauty Operas: March slave and overture 1812

Nocturne

In French, night piece; a composition, usually slow, lyrical, and intimate in character, often for piano solo

Etude

In French, study; a piece designed to help a performer master specific technical difficulties

Incidental music

Music intended to be performed before and during a play, setting the mood for the drama

Puccini's first successful opera? And what operas did he compose?

- his first successful opera was Manon Lascaut - his other operas were, La Boheme, Tosca, and Madame Butterfly He died before completing his last opera, Turandot

Brahms artistic and personal life was influenced by who? Composed in all forms except...? His musical characteristics ?

- influenced by Haydn, Mozart, and Beethoven - composed in all forms except opera - used classical forms, used contrasting patterns and syncopations The use of "2 against 3". Rich dark tone colors, instruments with mellow tone , his music has a autumnal feeling and a lyrical warmth

Romance

A term often used during the 19th century for short, lyrical pieces for piano.

Thematic transformation

Alteration of the character of the theme by means of changes in dynamics, orchestration, or rhythm, when it returns in a later movement or section; often found in romantic music

Which composer influenced Wagner ?

Beethoven influenced him

Program symphony

Composition in several movements; each movement has a descriptive title - symphony related to a story, idea, or scene, in which each move,net usually has a descriptive title; often found in romantic music

Polonaise

Composition in triple meter with a stately character, often for piano solo; originally a Polish court dance

Postlude

Concluding section; the section at the end of an art song that sums up the mood, played by the piano or orchestra, without the voice.

Libretto to The Ring by Wagner

Cycle of 4 dramas Represents his view on 19th century society

Program

Explanatory comments specifying the story, scene, or idea associated with program music

What was Verdi's greatest success and what operas did he compose?

Falstaff- greatest final works Greatest successes were Oberto and Nabucco His operas symbolized Italian independence Rigoletto, Il Trovatore, and La Traviata His last three were Aïda, Otello, and Falstaff

What are the characteristics of Berlioz's Fantastic symphony?

Five movement program symphony Romantic manifesto Reflect his passion for actress Harriet Smithson Has idée fixe Depiction of the weird and diabolical

What is the Russian five?

Five young me who formed a true national school Balakirev, Cui, Borodin, Rimsky-Korsakov, Mussorgsky

Modified strophic form

Form in which two or more stanzas of poetry are set to the same music while other stanzas have new music; found in art songs of the romantic period

Who developed the symphonic poem?

Franz Liszt developed this

Which composers were also virtuoso instrumentalists?

Franz Liszt, Clara Schumann

Composers of the romantic period

Franz Schubert Robert Schumann Clara Wieck Schumann Frederic Chopin Frank Liszt Felix Mendelssohn Hector Berlioz Peter I. Tchaikovsky Bedrich Smetana Antonin Dvorák Johannes Brahms Giuseppe Verdi Giacomo Puccini Richard Wagner

What historical events were taking place that influenced romantic music?

French Revolution and Napoleonic wars

What writer greatly inspired Liszt?

Goethe and Dante Women writers: countess Marie d Agoult and princess Caroline sayn Wittgenstein

Song cycle

Group of art songs unified by a story line that runs through their poems, or by musical ideas linking the songs; often found in romantic music

Mendelssohn did not write in what musical form ?

He did all musical forms except opera

Mendelssohn composed what forms and rekindled an interest in what composer?

He used classical forms Rekindled interest in Bach's music

Schubert wrote how many songs?

He wrote 600 songs

Who wrote the Treatise on Modern Instrumentation and Orchestration and what was its significance?

Hector Berlioz wrote it and it signifies the importance of orchestration

Smetana's most popular opera Composed what work depicting Bohemia's main river

His most famous opera was The Bartered Bride Composed The Moldau

What is the significance of the Wagner opera house ?

His opera house in, Bayreuth, Germany, was solely for performance of his music dramas

Nationalism

Inclusion of folk songs, dances, legends, and other national material in a composition to associate it with the composers homeland ;characteristic of romantic music

Concert overture

Independent composition for orchestra in one movement, usually in sonata form, often found in the romantic period

National characteristics used in romantic music

Individuality of style/ self expression Nationalism and exoticism Focus on feelings and nature Greater ranges of tone color, dynamics, and pitch

Program music

Instrumental music associated with a story,poem, idea, or scene, often found in the romantic period

German composers favored the poetry of what two poets?

Johann Wolfgang Von Goethe and Heinrich Heine were favored poets

First american concert pianist

Louis Moreau Gottschalk

Leading nationalist composer in the US

Louis Moreau Gottschalk

Which Puccini operas exhibit exoticism?

Madame Butterfly exhibits this

Liszt was influenced by what other artist/composer?

Paganini influenced him

Wagner's last opera

Parsifal

High point in Mendelssohn's career?

Performance of his oratorio Elijah

What are the changes to the piano?

Piano improved to an expanded keyboard Cast iron frame was introduced to hold the strings under greater tension and the hammers were covered with felt Pianos tone became more " singing" Range was also extended Damper pedal

Symphonic poem ( tone poem)

Programmatic composition for orchestra in one movement, which may have a traditional form ( such as sonata or rondo) or an original, irregular form.

Verismo

Realism- the quality of being true to life

Operas composed by Wagner

Rienzi, - success Tristan and Isolde, and Tannhauser - failures Librettos to Der Ring des Nihelungen

Who founded the New Journal of Music?

Robert Schumann

What two composers earned an income as music critics?

Robert Schumann and Franz Liszt

Size and changes to symphony

Romantic orchestra was larger and more varied in tone color than the classical orchestra and had close to 100 players The brass, woodwind, and percussion sections took on a more active role

Tone poem

Same as symphonic poem

Who is Nadezhda Von Meck?

Tchaikovsky's wealthy benefactress who gave him an annuity that allowed him to quit his conservatory position and devote himself to composition

Which opera is an example of verismo?

Tosca is an example of this

Chromatic harmony

Use of chords containing tones not found in the prevailing major or minor scale but included in the chromatic scale (which has twelve tones);often found in romantic music

Exoticism

Use of melodies,rhythms, or instruments that suggest foreign lands. Common in romantic music

Strophic form

Vocal form in which the same music is repeated for each stanza of a poem.