mGMT 382 Exam 1 Ch 2
Operational decisions are considered __________ decisions, which arise in situations where established processes offer potential solutions.
structured
_ process models show the results of applying change improvement opportunities to the current process model.
to be
MIS choices should not drive business process. Instead, business processes should drive MIS choices and should be based on business strategies and goals.
true
_____-if analysis checks the impact of a change in a variable or assumption on the model. ich DDS analysis technique checks the impact of a single change in a variable or assumption on the model?
what
Select three examples of features that may be included in a digital dashboard for a manufacturing team.
List of outstanding alerts List of KPIs Graph of stock market prices
Select all the activities for which transitional information is created
Making airline reservations Purchasing stocks Withdrawing cash from ATM
At the __________ level, employees are continuously evaluating company operations to hone the firm's abilities to identify, adapt to, and leverage change.
Managerial
What type of decisions concern how the organization should achieve the goals and objectives set by its strategy, and they are usually the responsibility of mid-level management?
Managerial
what is the proportion of the market that a firm captures
Market share
Customer Satisfaction
Measured by satisfaction surveys, percentage of existing customers retained, and increases in revenue dollars per customer.
Data ______ is the process of analyzing data to extract information not offered by the raw data alone.
Mining
What is a simplified representation or abstraction of reality?
Model
How can a spreadsheet program, such as Microsoft Office Excel, help managers make decisions?
Modeling relationships
What is the process within a genetic algorithm of randomly trying combinations and evaluating the success (or failure) of the outcome?
Mutation
What are the four overview areas of AI?
Natural language processing Natural language understanding Knowledge representation Knowledge planning
_______ network is a category of AI that attempts to emulate the way the human brain works.
Nueral
What are some key performance indicators?
Number of new customers Average customer spending Turnover rates of employees
What is the capture of transaction and event information using technology to (1) process the information according to defined business rules, (2) store the information, and (3) update existing information to reflect the new information?
Online transaction processing (OLTP)
Which of the following represents the three different levels of a company pyramid from the bottom to the top?
Operational Managerial Strategic
What is a common type of transaction processing system?
Order entry system
Which of the following represent a business process you would find in the operations management department?
Ordering inventory Creating production schedules Manufacturing goods
Which company used business process reengineering to create a competitive advantage?
Progressive Insurance
The structure of a typical organization is similar to a __________, and the different levels require different types of information to assist in decision making, problem solving, and opportunity capturing.
Pyramid
Case-based _________ is a method whereby new problems are solved based on the solutions from similar cases solved in the past.
Reasoning
Select the three benefits an organization can identify by investigating business processes.'
Recognize smooth-running processes Remove redundant tasks Identify bottleneck
_____ engine is a data mining algorithm that analyzes a customer's purchases and actions on a website and then uses the data to recommend complementary products.
Recommendation
What is the training of machine learning models to make a sequence of decisions?
Reinforcement Learning
______ process automation is the use of software with artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning capabilities to handle high-volume, repeatable tasks that previously required a human to perform.
Robotic
What is the use of software with artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning capabilities to handle high-volume, repeatable tasks that previously required a human to perform?
Robotic process automation
What types of decisions occur in situations in which a few established processes help to evaluate potential solutions, but not enough to lead to a definite recommended decision?
Semistructured
____ analysis is the study of the impact on other variables when one variable is changed repeatedly.
Sensitivity
____ is the ability to look at information from different perspectives, such as analyzing total product sales during a given promotion versus the sales of a single product across all promotions.
Slice and dice
_______ documents are the original transaction record.
Source
hat is a small embedded line graph that illustrates a single trend?
Sparkline
What are the business steps in the correct order
Step 1- Business Understanding Step 2- Data Understanding Step 3- Data preperation Step 4 - Data Modeling Step 5 - eva;uation Step 6 - deployment
Select the three characteristics of online transactional processing.
Stores the information Updates existing information to reflect the new information Processes the information according to defined business rules Supports operational
What types of decisions involve higher level issues concerned with the overall direction of the organization; these decisions define the organization's overall goals and aspirations for the future?
Strategic
_______ improves business process efficiencies by simplifying or eliminating unnecessary steps.
Streamiling
Which decisions arise in situations where established processes offer potential solutions?
Structured
Select the three characteristics of operational information.
Structured, recurring, repetitive decision types Analysts and staff employee types Short term and day-to-day operational time frames
Financial
Such as return on investment (the earning power of an organization's assets), cost benefit analysis (the comparison of projected revenues and costs including development, maintenance, fixed, and variable), and break even analysis (the point at which constant revenues equal ongoing costs).
Which layout arranges the steps of a business process into a set of rows depicting the various elements?
Swim lanes
Machine vision sensitivity-
The ability of a machine to see in dim light or to detect weak impulses at invisible wavelengths.
Throughput-
The amount of information that can travel through a system at any point in time.
Transaction speed
The amount of time a system takes to perform a transaction.
Usability
The ease with which people perform transactions and/or find information.
Machine vision resolution-
The extent to which a machine can differentiate between objects.
Information accuracy
The extent to which a system generates the correct results when executing the same transaction numerous times.
Conversion rate-
The number of customers an organization "touches" for the first time and persuades to purchase its products or services.
System availability
The number of hours a system is available for users.
Response time
The time it takes to respond to user interactions such as a mouse click.
What is a chart displaying a graphical representation of the change of a variable over time?
Time series chart
Match the systems view of a TPS input, process, and output on the left with the payroll examples on the right. Input Process Output
Time sheets, wage rates, employee benefits Update employee records, calculate payroll, summarize benefits Generating payroll reports, creating paychecks
Which of the following are the three conditions that indicate the time is right to initiate a business process change?
To regain competitive advantages, the company must leapfrog competition on key dimensions The company is markedly below industry benchmarks on its core processes There has been a pronounced shift in the market the process was designed to serve
What are the primary types of MIS Decision Making?
Transaction Processing System- Operational & Structured Decision Processing System- Managerial & Semistructured Executive Information Systems- Strategic & Unstructured
What is the basic business system that serves the operational level (analysts) and assists in making structured decisions?
Transaction processign system
Match the systems view of a DSS input, process, and output on the left with the examples on the right. Input Process Output
Transaction processing system What-if, sensitivity, goal-seeking, optimization Forecasts, simulations, ad hoc reports
______ data encompasses all raw facts contained within a single process and its purpose is to support daily operational tasks.
Transactional
What type of information encompasses all the information contained within a single business process or unit of work, and its primary purpose is to support the performance of daily operational or structured decisions?
Transactional Information
True or False: KPI's are far more specific than CSF's
True
True or false: Decisions range from routine choices, such as how many items to order or how many people to hire, to unexpected ones such as what to do if a key employee suddenly quits or needed materials do not arrive. Today, with massive volumes of information available, managers are challenged to make highly complex decisions—some involving far more information than the human brain can comprehend—in increasingly shorter time frames.
True
What occurs when a machine learning model matches the training data so closely that the model fails to make correct predictions on new data?
Underfitting
Machine ______ is the ability of a computer to "see" by digitizing an image, processing the data it contains, and taking some kind of action.'
Vision
What produces graphical displays of patterns and complex relationships in large amounts of data?
Visualization
Select three opportunities managers can identify when focusing on reengineering.
Will savings from automation be clearly visible? Is it crucial for productivity improvement? Is the process broken?
What includes the tasks, activities, and responsibilities required to execute each step in a business process?
Workflow
What monitors processes to ensure tasks, activities, and responsibilities are executed as specified?
Workflow and control systems
__ robotics is a robot capable of making its own decisions and perform an action accordingly.
autonomous
A _______ chart or graph that presents grouped data with rectangular bars with lengths proportional to the values that they represent.
bar
Market ________ analysis evaluates such items as websites and checkout scanner information to detect customers' buying behavior and predict future behavior by identifying affinities among customers' choices of products and services.
basket
What protects a specific set of procedures for conducting a particular business activity?
business process patent
What is the time required to process an order?
cycle time
What tracks KPIs and CSFs by compiling information from multiple sources and tailoring it to meet user needs?
digital dashboard
What is the automation of existing manual and paper-based processes and workflows to a digital format?
digitization
________ MIS metrics measure the impact MIS has on business processes and activities, including customer satisfaction and customer conversion rates.
effectiveness
What type of decision is the following: How do we best use the ingredients in the warehouse to make the most profits?
efficiency decision
A(n) ________ information system is a specialized DSS that supports senior-level executives and unstructured, long-term, nonroutine decisions requiring judgment, evaluation,and insight.
executive
___ algorithm is an artificial intelligence system that mimics the evolutionary, survival-of-the-fittest process to generate increasingly better solutions to a problem.
genetic
What is a graphical display of data using bars of different heights?
histogram
Internal KPI: Return on investment (ROI)
indicates the earning power of a project
What is a representation of information in a graphic format designed to make the data easily understandable at a glance?
infographic
What are measurements that evaluate results to determine whether a project is meeting its goals?
metrics
What is a category of AI that attempts to emulate the way the human brain works?
neural network
What are the three primary areas of artificial intelligence?
neural networks, machine learning, & virtual reality
At the _________ level do employees develop, control, and maintain core business activities required to run the day-to-day operations.
operational
______ analysis finds the optimum value for a target variable by repeatedly changing other variables, subject to specified constraints.
optimization
___ is a statement about what will happen or might happen in the future; for example, predicting future sales or employee turnover.
prediction
Prejudice bias
problem caused by using training data that is influenced by cultural or other stereotypes.
Data _________ is the process of collecting statistics and information about data in an existing source.
profiling
A ________ is a temporary activity a company undertakes to create a unique product, service, or result.
project
Business process __________ is the analysis and redesign of workflow within and between enterprises.
reengineering
What is another name for a pivot?
rotation
A sparkline is a small embedded line graph that illustrates a _____________ trend. Sparklines are often used in reports, presentations, dashboards, and scoreboards.
single
Select the three primary decision-making challenges facing managers today.
* Manager must make decisions quickly * Managers need to analyze large amounts of information * Managers must apply sophisticated analysis techniques, such as Porter's strategies or forecasting, to make strategic decisions
Select three characteristics of strategic decisions.
* Senior management, presidents, leaders, and executives and employee types * Long term, yearly, multi year time frames * Unstructured, non recurring, one time decision types
Select three characteristics of managerial decisions.
* Short -temrn, daily, monthly, and yearly time frames * Middle management and director employee types * Semi structured, a d hoc reporting decision tupes
List the steps in the decision-making process.
1. problem identification 2. Data collection 3.Solution generation 4. Solution test 5. Solution selection 6. Solution implementation
Variance bias
A problem caused by having a mathematical property of an algorithm.
Measurement bias
A problem caused by using collected data that skews the data in one direction.
Sample bias
A problem caused by using incorrect training data to train the machine.
Select two types of DSS systems.
A system to diagnose and treat patients A system that identifies risks for insurance companies
Online ____________ processing is the manipulation of information to create business intelligence in support of strategic decision making.
Analytical
What encompasses all organizational information, and its primary purpose is to support the performance of managerial analysis or semistructured decisions?
Analytical information
______ process models represent the current state of the operation that has been mapped, without any specific improvements or changes to existing processes.
As is
Data _________ occurs when adding additional training examples by transforming existing examples.
Augmentation
What is the process of computerizing manual tasks, making them more efficient and effective and dramatically lowering operational costs?
Automation
In BPMN notation what is used to control the flow of a process?
BPMN Gateway
_______ is a task in a business process.
BPMN activity
In BPMN notation what displays the path in which the process flows?
BPMN flows
________ is a process of continuously measuring system results, comparing those results to optimal system.
Benchmarking
Regardless of what process is measured, how it is measured, and whether it is performed for the sake of efficiency or effectiveness, managers must set ________, or baseline values the system seeks to attain.
Benchmarks
What are the most successful solutions or problem solving methods that have been developed by a specific organization or industry?'
Best practices
What does fuzzy logic assign as values to vague or ambiguous information?
Between 0 and 1
_______ occur when resources reach full capacity and cannot handle any additional demands; they limit throughput and impede operations.
Bottlenecks
Business Process Model and Notation (BPMN) is a graphical notation that depicts the steps in a __________ process.
Business
________ is the analysis and redesign of workflow within and between enterprises.
Business Process Redesign (BPR)
What attempts to understand and measure the current process and make performance improvements accordingly?
Business process improvement
What is the activity of creating a detailed flowchart or process map of a work process that shows its inputs, tasks, and activities in a structured sequence?
Business processing model
______ is the aggregation of data from simple roll-ups to complex groupings of interrelated information.
COnsilidation
A dynamic process is continuously changing and provides business solutions to ever-changing business operations. As the business and its strategies change, so do the dynamic processes. Which of the following are examples of dynamic processes?
Changing order levels based on currency rates Managing layoffs of employees Canceling business travel due to extreme weather
What is a technique used to divide an information set into mutually exclusive groups such that the members of each group are as close together as possible to one another and the different groups are as far apart as possible?
Cluster analysis
Select three features of a neural network.
Coping with huge volumes of information with many dependent variables Learning and adjusting to new circumstances on their own Lending themselves to massive parallel processing
What processes are business processes, such as manufacturing goods, selling products, and providing service, that make up the primary activities in a value chain?
Core
What are some critical success factors?
Create high- quality products Reduce product costs Retain competitive advantages
What are the crucial steps companies perform to achieve their goals and objectives and implement their strategies?
Critical success factors (CSF)
What results in a product or service received by an organization's external customer?
Customer facing product
What occurs when adding additional training examples by transforming existing examples?
Data augmentation
What gathers and organizes the data in the correct formats and structures for analysis?
Data preperation
What is the process of sharing information to ensure consistency between multiple data sources?
Data replication
What analyzes all current data along with identifying any data quality issues?
Data understanifg
Select the system that models information using OLAP, which provides assistance in evaluating and choosing among different courses of action?
Decision support system
What is a process that employs specialized algorithms to model and study and establish relationships among data and datasets?
Deep learning
What enables users to view details, and details of details, of information?
Drill down
_______ focuses on the extent to which a firm is using its resources in an optimal way, while effectiveness focuses on how well a firm is achieving its goals and objectives.
Efficiency
Which metrics measure the performance of MIS itself, such as throughput, transaction speed, and system availability?
Efficiency MIS Metrics
What determines values for an unknown continuous variable behavior or estimated future value?
Estimation analysis
What analyzes the trends and patterns to assess the potential for solving the business problem?
Evaluation
____ systems are computerized advisory programs that imitate the reasoning processes of experts in solving difficult problems.
Expert
Exteral KPI Market share
Firms Sales/ Total market sales of entire industry
Select three purposes of a business process model.
Focus attention on the process model interfaces Expose process detail gradually and in a controlled manner Encourage conciseness and accuracy in describing the process model
Select three steps to improve business processes.
Follow process Document as-is process Establish measures
What is a mathematical method of handling imprecise or subjective information?
Fuzzy Logic
Which of the following is a primary type of MIS system for decision making?
Genetic algorithm
What finds the inputs necessary to achieve a goal such as a desired level of output?
Goal seeking analysis
_________ Glass is a wearable computer with an optical head-mounted display (OHMD).
What refers to the level of detail in the model or the decision-making process?
Granularity
What uses technology allowing humans to interact with a computer through bodily sensations and movements—for example, a cell phone vibrating in your pocket
Haptic interface
When considering the interrelationships between efficiency and effectiveness where does a company want to operate?
High efficiency, high effectiveness
What are the quantifiable metrics a company uses to evaluate progress toward critical success factors?
Key Performance Indicators
