mGMT 382 Exam 1 Ch 2

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Operational decisions are considered __________ decisions, which arise in situations where established processes offer potential solutions.

structured

_ process models show the results of applying change improvement opportunities to the current process model.

to be

MIS choices should not drive business process. Instead, business processes should drive MIS choices and should be based on business strategies and goals.

true

_____-if analysis checks the impact of a change in a variable or assumption on the model. ich DDS analysis technique checks the impact of a single change in a variable or assumption on the model?

what

Select three examples of features that may be included in a digital dashboard for a manufacturing team.

List of outstanding alerts List of KPIs Graph of stock market prices

Select all the activities for which transitional information is created

Making airline reservations Purchasing stocks Withdrawing cash from ATM

At the __________ level, employees are continuously evaluating company operations to hone the firm's abilities to identify, adapt to, and leverage change.

Managerial

What type of decisions concern how the organization should achieve the goals and objectives set by its strategy, and they are usually the responsibility of mid-level management?

Managerial

what is the proportion of the market that a firm captures

Market share

Customer Satisfaction

Measured by satisfaction surveys, percentage of existing customers retained, and increases in revenue dollars per customer.

Data ______ is the process of analyzing data to extract information not offered by the raw data alone.

Mining

What is a simplified representation or abstraction of reality?

Model

How can a spreadsheet program, such as Microsoft Office Excel, help managers make decisions?

Modeling relationships

What is the process within a genetic algorithm of randomly trying combinations and evaluating the success (or failure) of the outcome?

Mutation

What are the four overview areas of AI?

Natural language processing Natural language understanding Knowledge representation Knowledge planning

_______ network is a category of AI that attempts to emulate the way the human brain works.

Nueral

What are some key performance indicators?

Number of new customers Average customer spending Turnover rates of employees

What is the capture of transaction and event information using technology to (1) process the information according to defined business rules, (2) store the information, and (3) update existing information to reflect the new information?

Online transaction processing (OLTP)

Which of the following represents the three different levels of a company pyramid from the bottom to the top?

Operational Managerial Strategic

What is a common type of transaction processing system?

Order entry system

Which of the following represent a business process you would find in the operations management department?

Ordering inventory Creating production schedules Manufacturing goods

Which company used business process reengineering to create a competitive advantage?

Progressive Insurance

The structure of a typical organization is similar to a __________, and the different levels require different types of information to assist in decision making, problem solving, and opportunity capturing.

Pyramid

Case-based _________ is a method whereby new problems are solved based on the solutions from similar cases solved in the past.

Reasoning

Select the three benefits an organization can identify by investigating business processes.'

Recognize smooth-running processes Remove redundant tasks Identify bottleneck

_____ engine is a data mining algorithm that analyzes a customer's purchases and actions on a website and then uses the data to recommend complementary products.

Recommendation

What is the training of machine learning models to make a sequence of decisions?

Reinforcement Learning

______ process automation is the use of software with artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning capabilities to handle high-volume, repeatable tasks that previously required a human to perform.

Robotic

What is the use of software with artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning capabilities to handle high-volume, repeatable tasks that previously required a human to perform?

Robotic process automation

What types of decisions occur in situations in which a few established processes help to evaluate potential solutions, but not enough to lead to a definite recommended decision?

Semistructured

____ analysis is the study of the impact on other variables when one variable is changed repeatedly.

Sensitivity

____ is the ability to look at information from different perspectives, such as analyzing total product sales during a given promotion versus the sales of a single product across all promotions.

Slice and dice

_______ documents are the original transaction record.

Source

hat is a small embedded line graph that illustrates a single trend?

Sparkline

What are the business steps in the correct order

Step 1- Business Understanding Step 2- Data Understanding Step 3- Data preperation Step 4 - Data Modeling Step 5 - eva;uation Step 6 - deployment

Select the three characteristics of online transactional processing.

Stores the information Updates existing information to reflect the new information Processes the information according to defined business rules Supports operational

What types of decisions involve higher level issues concerned with the overall direction of the organization; these decisions define the organization's overall goals and aspirations for the future?

Strategic

_______ improves business process efficiencies by simplifying or eliminating unnecessary steps.

Streamiling

Which decisions arise in situations where established processes offer potential solutions?

Structured

Select the three characteristics of operational information.

Structured, recurring, repetitive decision types Analysts and staff employee types Short term and day-to-day operational time frames

Financial

Such as return on investment (the earning power of an organization's assets), cost benefit analysis (the comparison of projected revenues and costs including development, maintenance, fixed, and variable), and break even analysis (the point at which constant revenues equal ongoing costs).

Which layout arranges the steps of a business process into a set of rows depicting the various elements?

Swim lanes

Machine vision sensitivity-

The ability of a machine to see in dim light or to detect weak impulses at invisible wavelengths.

Throughput-

The amount of information that can travel through a system at any point in time.

Transaction speed

The amount of time a system takes to perform a transaction.

Usability

The ease with which people perform transactions and/or find information.

Machine vision resolution-

The extent to which a machine can differentiate between objects.

Information accuracy

The extent to which a system generates the correct results when executing the same transaction numerous times.

Conversion rate-

The number of customers an organization "touches" for the first time and persuades to purchase its products or services.

System availability

The number of hours a system is available for users.

Response time

The time it takes to respond to user interactions such as a mouse click.

What is a chart displaying a graphical representation of the change of a variable over time?

Time series chart

Match the systems view of a TPS input, process, and output on the left with the payroll examples on the right. Input Process Output

Time sheets, wage rates, employee benefits Update employee records, calculate payroll, summarize benefits Generating payroll reports, creating paychecks

Which of the following are the three conditions that indicate the time is right to initiate a business process change?

To regain competitive advantages, the company must leapfrog competition on key dimensions The company is markedly below industry benchmarks on its core processes There has been a pronounced shift in the market the process was designed to serve

What are the primary types of MIS Decision Making?

Transaction Processing System- Operational & Structured Decision Processing System- Managerial & Semistructured Executive Information Systems- Strategic & Unstructured

What is the basic business system that serves the operational level (analysts) and assists in making structured decisions?

Transaction processign system

Match the systems view of a DSS input, process, and output on the left with the examples on the right. Input Process Output

Transaction processing system What-if, sensitivity, goal-seeking, optimization Forecasts, simulations, ad hoc reports

______ data encompasses all raw facts contained within a single process and its purpose is to support daily operational tasks.

Transactional

What type of information encompasses all the information contained within a single business process or unit of work, and its primary purpose is to support the performance of daily operational or structured decisions?

Transactional Information

True or False: KPI's are far more specific than CSF's

True

True or false: Decisions range from routine choices, such as how many items to order or how many people to hire, to unexpected ones such as what to do if a key employee suddenly quits or needed materials do not arrive. Today, with massive volumes of information available, managers are challenged to make highly complex decisions—some involving far more information than the human brain can comprehend—in increasingly shorter time frames.

True

What occurs when a machine learning model matches the training data so closely that the model fails to make correct predictions on new data?

Underfitting

Machine ______ is the ability of a computer to "see" by digitizing an image, processing the data it contains, and taking some kind of action.'

Vision

What produces graphical displays of patterns and complex relationships in large amounts of data?

Visualization

Select three opportunities managers can identify when focusing on reengineering.

Will savings from automation be clearly visible? Is it crucial for productivity improvement? Is the process broken?

What includes the tasks, activities, and responsibilities required to execute each step in a business process?

Workflow

What monitors processes to ensure tasks, activities, and responsibilities are executed as specified?

Workflow and control systems

__ robotics is a robot capable of making its own decisions and perform an action accordingly.

autonomous

A _______ chart or graph that presents grouped data with rectangular bars with lengths proportional to the values that they represent.

bar

Market ________ analysis evaluates such items as websites and checkout scanner information to detect customers' buying behavior and predict future behavior by identifying affinities among customers' choices of products and services.

basket

What protects a specific set of procedures for conducting a particular business activity?

business process patent

What is the time required to process an order?

cycle time

What tracks KPIs and CSFs by compiling information from multiple sources and tailoring it to meet user needs?

digital dashboard

What is the automation of existing manual and paper-based processes and workflows to a digital format?

digitization

________ MIS metrics measure the impact MIS has on business processes and activities, including customer satisfaction and customer conversion rates.

effectiveness

What type of decision is the following: How do we best use the ingredients in the warehouse to make the most profits?

efficiency decision

A(n) ________ information system is a specialized DSS that supports senior-level executives and unstructured, long-term, nonroutine decisions requiring judgment, evaluation,and insight.

executive

___ algorithm is an artificial intelligence system that mimics the evolutionary, survival-of-the-fittest process to generate increasingly better solutions to a problem.

genetic

What is a graphical display of data using bars of different heights?

histogram

Internal KPI: Return on investment (ROI)

indicates the earning power of a project

What is a representation of information in a graphic format designed to make the data easily understandable at a glance?

infographic

What are measurements that evaluate results to determine whether a project is meeting its goals?

metrics

What is a category of AI that attempts to emulate the way the human brain works?

neural network

What are the three primary areas of artificial intelligence?

neural networks, machine learning, & virtual reality

At the _________ level do employees develop, control, and maintain core business activities required to run the day-to-day operations.

operational

______ analysis finds the optimum value for a target variable by repeatedly changing other variables, subject to specified constraints.

optimization

___ is a statement about what will happen or might happen in the future; for example, predicting future sales or employee turnover.

prediction

Prejudice bias

problem caused by using training data that is influenced by cultural or other stereotypes.

Data _________ is the process of collecting statistics and information about data in an existing source.

profiling

A ________ is a temporary activity a company undertakes to create a unique product, service, or result.

project

Business process __________ is the analysis and redesign of workflow within and between enterprises.

reengineering

What is another name for a pivot?

rotation

A sparkline is a small embedded line graph that illustrates a _____________ trend. Sparklines are often used in reports, presentations, dashboards, and scoreboards.

single

Select the three primary decision-making challenges facing managers today.

* Manager must make decisions quickly * Managers need to analyze large amounts of information * Managers must apply sophisticated analysis techniques, such as Porter's strategies or forecasting, to make strategic decisions

Select three characteristics of strategic decisions.

* Senior management, presidents, leaders, and executives and employee types * Long term, yearly, multi year time frames * Unstructured, non recurring, one time decision types

Select three characteristics of managerial decisions.

* Short -temrn, daily, monthly, and yearly time frames * Middle management and director employee types * Semi structured, a d hoc reporting decision tupes

List the steps in the decision-making process.

1. problem identification 2. Data collection 3.Solution generation 4. Solution test 5. Solution selection 6. Solution implementation

Variance bias

A problem caused by having a mathematical property of an algorithm.

Measurement bias

A problem caused by using collected data that skews the data in one direction.

Sample bias

A problem caused by using incorrect training data to train the machine.

Select two types of DSS systems.

A system to diagnose and treat patients A system that identifies risks for insurance companies

Online ____________ processing is the manipulation of information to create business intelligence in support of strategic decision making.

Analytical

What encompasses all organizational information, and its primary purpose is to support the performance of managerial analysis or semistructured decisions?

Analytical information

______ process models represent the current state of the operation that has been mapped, without any specific improvements or changes to existing processes.

As is

Data _________ occurs when adding additional training examples by transforming existing examples.

Augmentation

What is the process of computerizing manual tasks, making them more efficient and effective and dramatically lowering operational costs?

Automation

In BPMN notation what is used to control the flow of a process?

BPMN Gateway

_______ is a task in a business process.

BPMN activity

In BPMN notation what displays the path in which the process flows?

BPMN flows

________ is a process of continuously measuring system results, comparing those results to optimal system.

Benchmarking

Regardless of what process is measured, how it is measured, and whether it is performed for the sake of efficiency or effectiveness, managers must set ________, or baseline values the system seeks to attain.

Benchmarks

What are the most successful solutions or problem solving methods that have been developed by a specific organization or industry?'

Best practices

What does fuzzy logic assign as values to vague or ambiguous information?

Between 0 and 1

_______ occur when resources reach full capacity and cannot handle any additional demands; they limit throughput and impede operations.

Bottlenecks

Business Process Model and Notation (BPMN) is a graphical notation that depicts the steps in a __________ process.

Business

________ is the analysis and redesign of workflow within and between enterprises.

Business Process Redesign (BPR)

What attempts to understand and measure the current process and make performance improvements accordingly?

Business process improvement

What is the activity of creating a detailed flowchart or process map of a work process that shows its inputs, tasks, and activities in a structured sequence?

Business processing model

______ is the aggregation of data from simple roll-ups to complex groupings of interrelated information.

COnsilidation

A dynamic process is continuously changing and provides business solutions to ever-changing business operations. As the business and its strategies change, so do the dynamic processes. Which of the following are examples of dynamic processes?

Changing order levels based on currency rates Managing layoffs of employees Canceling business travel due to extreme weather

What is a technique used to divide an information set into mutually exclusive groups such that the members of each group are as close together as possible to one another and the different groups are as far apart as possible?

Cluster analysis

Select three features of a neural network.

Coping with huge volumes of information with many dependent variables Learning and adjusting to new circumstances on their own Lending themselves to massive parallel processing

What processes are business processes, such as manufacturing goods, selling products, and providing service, that make up the primary activities in a value chain?

Core

What are some critical success factors?

Create high- quality products Reduce product costs Retain competitive advantages

What are the crucial steps companies perform to achieve their goals and objectives and implement their strategies?

Critical success factors (CSF)

What results in a product or service received by an organization's external customer?

Customer facing product

What occurs when adding additional training examples by transforming existing examples?

Data augmentation

What gathers and organizes the data in the correct formats and structures for analysis?

Data preperation

What is the process of sharing information to ensure consistency between multiple data sources?

Data replication

What analyzes all current data along with identifying any data quality issues?

Data understanifg

Select the system that models information using OLAP, which provides assistance in evaluating and choosing among different courses of action?

Decision support system

What is a process that employs specialized algorithms to model and study and establish relationships among data and datasets?

Deep learning

What enables users to view details, and details of details, of information?

Drill down

_______ focuses on the extent to which a firm is using its resources in an optimal way, while effectiveness focuses on how well a firm is achieving its goals and objectives.

Efficiency

Which metrics measure the performance of MIS itself, such as throughput, transaction speed, and system availability?

Efficiency MIS Metrics

What determines values for an unknown continuous variable behavior or estimated future value?

Estimation analysis

What analyzes the trends and patterns to assess the potential for solving the business problem?

Evaluation

____ systems are computerized advisory programs that imitate the reasoning processes of experts in solving difficult problems.

Expert

Exteral KPI Market share

Firms Sales/ Total market sales of entire industry

Select three purposes of a business process model.

Focus attention on the process model interfaces Expose process detail gradually and in a controlled manner Encourage conciseness and accuracy in describing the process model

Select three steps to improve business processes.

Follow process Document as-is process Establish measures

What is a mathematical method of handling imprecise or subjective information?

Fuzzy Logic

Which of the following is a primary type of MIS system for decision making?

Genetic algorithm

What finds the inputs necessary to achieve a goal such as a desired level of output?

Goal seeking analysis

_________ Glass is a wearable computer with an optical head-mounted display (OHMD).

Google

What refers to the level of detail in the model or the decision-making process?

Granularity

What uses technology allowing humans to interact with a computer through bodily sensations and movements—for example, a cell phone vibrating in your pocket

Haptic interface

When considering the interrelationships between efficiency and effectiveness where does a company want to operate?

High efficiency, high effectiveness

What are the quantifiable metrics a company uses to evaluate progress toward critical success factors?

Key Performance Indicators


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