Mgmt Ch 8

_______ is the arrangement of having discrete parts of a task done by different people.

A division of labor

________ is a control mechanism for making sure the right people do the right things at the right time.

A hierarchy of authority

A(n) ______ is a system of consciously coordinated activities or forces of two or more people.

organization

Organizational structure is

a formal system of task and reporting relationships that coordinate and motivates an organization's members so that they can work together to achieve the organization's goals.

According to Chester I. Barnard's classic definition

an organization is a system of consciously coordinated activities or forces of two or more people.

In a mechanistic organization

authority is centralized, tasks and rules are clearly specified, and employees are closely supervised

In an organic organization

authority is decentralized, there are few rules and procedures, tasks are shared, and networks of employees are encourage to cooperate and respond quickly to unexpected tasks.

The common purpose is realized through

coordinated effort, the coordination of individual efforts into a group or organization-wide effort.

A corporate culture is a

defined set of shared, taken-for-granted implicit assumptions that a group holds and that determines how it perceives, thinks about, and reacts to its various environments.

Embedding organizational culture is

essentially a teaching process—that is, a process in which members instruct each other about the organization's preferred values, beliefs, expectations, and behaviors.

Espoused values are

explicitly stated values and norms preferred by an organization.

Nonprofit organizations are

formed to offer services to some clients, not to make a profit (examples: hospitals, colleges).

A hierarchy culture

has an internal focus and values stability and control over flexibility.

An advantage of decentralized authority is that

managers are encouraged to solve their own problems rather than buck the decision to a higher level. In addition, decisions are made more quickly, which increases the organization's flexibility and efficiency.

Ana is a teacher who became interested in helping adults in some of the poorer neighborhoods learn how to read. She plans to start a reading center in a low-income area to help residents with reading skills at no cost. Ana's center is an example of a(n)

nonprofit organization.

Philip, a shift manager in a factory, has 40 employees on his shift that he directly supervises. The 40 workers who report directly to Philip represent his

span of control.

The chain of command is also known as the

vertical hierarchy.

Mutual-benefit organizations are

voluntary collectives whose purpose is to advance members' interests (examples: unions, trade associations).

An adhocracy culture

has an external focus and values flexibility (attempts to create innovative products (for example, new drugs) by being adaptable, creative, and quick to respond to changes in the marketplace.) Employees are encouraged to take risks

A hierarchy culture has an internal focus; it values ____ over flexibility

stability and control