MGT 222 - Final Exam Review

4) ________ is addressed by asking the question, "On what basis are jobs grouped together?" A) Departmentalization B) Work specialization C) Centralization and decentralization D) Formalization E) Matrix restructuring

A) Departmentalization

35) Which of the following proposed a contingency theory? A) Fiedler B) Blake C) Weber D) Mouton E) Kelleher

A) Fiedler

93) Why HRM is important for all managers? A) It is the organizational function which is performed by line managers. B) It helps organizations to hire best individuals C) It controls labor costs D) It manages employee relations activities E) It advises and assists all employees

A) It is the organizational function which is performed by line managers.

1) ________ defines how job tasks are formally divided, grouped, and coordinated. A) Organizational structure B) Work specialization C) Departmentalization D) Organizational behavior E) Matrix departmentation

A) Organizational structure

86) ________ typically contain(s) a narrative of events about the organization's founders, rule breaking, or reactions to past mistakes. A) Stories B) Material symbols C) Rituals D) Language E) Reflections

A) Stories

11) The unbroken line of authority that extends from the top of the organization to the lowest echelon and clarifies who reports to whom is termed ________. A) chain of command B) authority C) span of control D) unity of command E) web of authority

A) chain of command

73) The macro view of culture that gives an organization its distinct personality is its ________ culture. A) dominant B) sub- C) strong D) national E) marginal

A) dominant

48) The communication used by managers to provide job instructions to employees is ________ communication. A) downward B) lateral C) formal D) directional E) diagonal

A) downward

61) Jake tells his boss only what he believes the boss wants to hear. Jake is engaging in ________. A) filtering B) selective perception C) communication apprehension D) emotional block E) selective selection

A) filtering

9) You have divided the jobs performed by your department through work specialization and are now trying to decide how to best group these jobs to improve efficiency and customer service. You are considering whether to group activities by function, product, process, geography, or customer. You have decided that since you are a novice at departmentalization, you will go with the most popular method. You will probably choose ________. A) function B) product C) process D) customer E) matrix

A) function

79) Which of the following is most likely to result from a strong organizational culture? A) low employee turnover B) low employee satisfaction C) high employee turnover D) high absenteeism E) low organizational commitment

A) low employee turnover

21) The ________ is a structure characterized by extensive departmentalization, high formalization, a limited information network, and centralization. A) mechanistic model B) organic model C) traditional model D) bureaucracy organization E) simple structure

A) mechanistic model

41) The channel by which a communication is passed between a sender and a receiver is called a ________. A) medium B) conduit C) conductor D) transmission E) coder

A) medium

12) The ________ refers to the number of subordinates that a manager directs. A) span of control B) unity of command C) chain of command D) decentralization principle E) leadership web

A) span of control

85) Reminding employees about the founders at each quarterly meeting is an example of which technique for transmitting culture? A) stories B) material symbols C) language D) rituals E) tools

A) stories

23) Leadership is best defined as ________. A) the ability to influence a group in goal achievement B) keeping order and consistency in the midst of change C) implementing the vision and strategy provided by management D) coordinating and staffing the organization and handling day-to-day problems E) not a relevant variable in modern organizations

A) the ability to influence a group in goal achievement

34) Based on the results of the University of Michigan studies, which department leaders most likely have departments with higher productivity and job satisfaction? A) the employee-oriented leaders B) the production-oriented leaders C) the consideration-oriented leaders D) the development-oriented leaders E) the task-oriented leaders

A) the employee-oriented leaders

89) Human resources management refers to: A) the management of people in organizations. B) concepts and techniques for organizing work activities. C) all managerial activities. D) concepts and techniques used in leading people at work. E) management techniques for controlling people at work.

A) the management of people in organizations.

31) Trait research focused on ________, whereas behavioral studies focused on ________. A) underlying traits; observable behavior B) the task at hand; relationships C) observable behavior; specific leader activities D) observable behavior; underlying traits E) identifying certain traits in leaders; relationships leaders engaged in

A) underlying traits; observable behavior

54) A sender may most likely choose to use written communication because ________. A) written communications are tangible and verifiable B) written messages can be retracted easily C) the messages can only be stored for short periods of time D) written messages usually take minimal time to prepare E) written messages often require additional feedback

A) written communications are tangible and verifiable

67) ________ is a shared system of meaning held by the organization's members that distinguishes the organization from other organizations. A) Institutionalization B) Organizational culture C) Socialization D) Formalization E) Corporate image

B) Organizational culture

47) The ________ communication network is best illustrated by a self-managed team. A) wheel B) all-channel C) interpersonal D) circle E) box

B) all-channel

66) Communication ________ is the tension and anxiety about oral, or written communication, or both. A) obstruction B) apprehension C) breakdown D) block E) frustration

B) apprehension

39) Leaders who know who they are, know what they believe in and value, and act on those values and beliefs openly and candidly are known as A) ethical leaders. B) authentic leaders C) transformational leaders. D) transactional leaders. E) charismatic leaders.

B) authentic leaders.

27) Suddenly your boss begins sending people to training to help them develop more effective leadership characteristics. It is clear that he is reading an author who supports ________. A) trait theories B) behavioral theories C) Fiedler's contingency model D) the reflection effect E) the managerial grid

B) behavioral theories

91) Which of the following was given emphasis in Frederick Taylor's theory on HRM? A) job rotation B) compensation tied to performance C) work conditions D) cross-functional cooperation E) empowerment of employees

B) compensation tied to performance

76) The primary or dominant values that are accepted throughout the organization are known as ________. A) foundational values B) core values C) shared values D) institutional traits E) manifestos

B) core values

5) Consultants Exceptional (CE) has hired you to develop training materials for their consultants. Your first assignment is to develop a training program that helps their consultants to analyze and understand the organizational structure of the company that they are assisting. CE believes that in order to adequately evaluate and understand a client company, consultants need to understand the basic organizational structure of the company. Consultants are then able to recommend actions and changes based on the company's structure. You instruct the trainees to ask about the degree of rules and regulations that direct employees and managers. You want to help them understand the ________. A) chain of command B) degree of formalization C) span of control D) degree of departmentalization E) idea of matrix restructuring

B) degree of formalization

52) Oral communication messages that are passed through a great many people will most likely suffer from which of the following? A) disruption B) distortion C) lack of non-verbal cues D) decoding E) formal communication decay

B) distortion

6) Work specialization is the same as ________. A) departmentalization B) division of labor C) decentralization D) job grouping E) chain command

B) division of labor

33) Some of the departmental directors spend more time training and helping their employees, while other spend more time on the technical issues that arise in the development process. According to the categories used in the University of Michigan studies, the directors can be described as ________. A) oriented toward initiating structure vs. oriented toward consideration B) employee-oriented vs. production-oriented C) training-oriented vs. development-oriented D) assistance-oriented vs. growth-oriented E) authority-type leaders vs. laissez-faire-type leaders

B) employee-oriented vs. production-oriented

81) A strong organizational culture may reduce A) internalizing behaviors. B) formalization. C) norms. D) the regulation of employee behavior. E) consistency.

B) formalization.

59) An informal communication network is typically called a ________. A) gossip monger B) grapevine C) chain D) contextual system E) free-acting system

B) grapevine

64) During the communication process, which of the following is most likely to result in lost information and less effective communication? A) information processing B) information overload C) information filtering D) effective communication E) the maximal effort effect

B) information overload

56) All of the following are examples of nonverbal communication EXCEPT A) intonations or emphasis B) instant messaging C) physical distance D) facial expressions E) hand gestures

B) instant messaging

55) Facial expressions, physical distance, and looking at your watch are all examples of ________. A) kinesics B) nonverbal communication C) informal networks D) verbal communication E) adaptors

B) nonverbal communication

38) Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of charismatic leaders? A) vision B) providing rewards C) sensitivity to follower needs D) exhibiting behaviors that are out of the ordinary E) willingness to take personal risks to achieve their vision

B) providing rewards

84) Which of the following is not a means of transmitting culture within an organization? A) stories B) reflections C) rituals D) language E) material symbols

B) reflections

87) Nunya is a computer software company that employs highly intelligent, but somewhat unusual people. The regular distribution of lollipops, toys, or treats every Friday is an example of a ________ that helps reinforce Nunya's culture. A) story B) ritual C) material symbol D) symbolism E) tool

B) ritual

63) An interviewer may project her own interest in family into communications she decodes from others and therefore believes female applicants will put family ahead of career. This interviewer is using ________. A) prejudice B) selective perception C) values judgment D) filtering E) the self-serving bias

B) selective perception

65) Which of the following is not a barrier to effective communication? A) filtering B) silence C) selective perception D) language E) emotions

B) silence

20) Employee discretion is inversely related to ________. A) complexity B) standardization C) specialization D) departmentalization E) empowerment

B) standardization

74) Cultures within an organization that are defined by departmental designations are often called ________. A) micro-cultures B) subcultures C) divisional cultures D) microcosms E) counter cultures

B) subcultures

58) Electronic communication includes all of the following EXCEPT A) text messaging. B) teleconferencing C) videoconferencing. D) e-mail. E) blogs.

B) teleconferencing.

28) You are the CEO of an engineering design firm that has several departments, each specializing in the design of different products. You have noticed a great deal of difference between the styles of the various department directors. You also see a big difference in the morale, employee satisfaction levels, and effectiveness (productivity) levels of the departments. One of your goals as CEO is to maximize productivity across all departments. As you look at the difference between the department directors, you notice that some are more charismatic and enthusiastic than others. In identifying this difference, you are looking at the directors' ________. A) behaviors B) traits C) values D) attitudes E) all of the above

B) traits

16) The trend in recent years has been toward ________. A) narrower spans of control B) wider spans of control C) a span of control of four D) an ideal span of control of six to eight E) eliminating spans of control in favor of team structures

B) wider spans of control

3) Consultants Exceptional (CE) has hired you to develop training materials for their consultants. Your first assignment is to develop a training program that helps their consultants to analyze and understand the organizational structure of the company that they are assisting. CE believes that in order to adequately evaluate and understand a client company, consultants need to understand the basic organizational structure of the company. Consultants are then able to recommend actions and changes based on the company's structure. One of the questions you tell the trainees to ask is, "To what degree are tasks subdivided into separate jobs?" This question addresses the issue of ________. A) formalization B) work specialization C) span of control D) chain of command E) matrix restructuring

B) work specialization

37) The first comprehensive contingency model for leadership was developed by ________. A) Hersey and Blanchard B) Blake and Mouton C) Fred Fiedler D) John Kotter E) Douglas Surber

C) Fred Fiedler

96) Which of the following statements is TRUE? A) The HR function in the organization is largely insulated from unethical behaviors. B) The HR department is largely responsible for the unethical behaviors of employees in the organization. C) HR management is the voice of organizational ethics. D) HR management must focus on clearly illegal behaviors within the firm and leave ethics up to the conscience of each individual manager E) HR management is only responsible for hiring, training and evaluating employees

C) HR management is the voice of organizational ethics.

15) Which of the following is not a drawback of a narrow span of control? A) It is expensive. B) It makes vertical communication in the organization more complex. C) Supervisors may lose control of their employees. D) It encourages overly tight supervision. E) It discourages employee autonomy.

C) Supervisors may lose control of their employees.

13) As employees are being empowered to make decisions previously reserved for management, which concept of organizational structure has become less relevant? A) decentralization B) maintaining the chain of command C) centralization D) span of control E) departmentalization

C) centralization

92) According to Douglas McGregor Theory Y: A) employees are lazy B) they dislike work C) control and punishment are not only ways to make people work D) they need strict control E) none of the above.

C) control and punishment are not only ways to make people work

43) In the communication process, which of the following steps occurs first? A) transmitting B) decoding C) encoding D) understanding E) analysis

C) encoding

68) Which of the following is not a primary characteristic that captures the essence of organizational culture? A) attention to detail B) innovation C) formality orientation D) team orientation E) outcome orientation

C) formality orientation

7) A task that is subdivided into many separate jobs is considered to have a ________. A) high degree of departmentalization B) low degree of decentralization C) high degree of work specialization D) low degree of structure E) high degree of matrix structuring

C) high degree of work specialization

19) If a job is highly formalized, it would not include which of the following? A) clearly defined procedures on work processes B) explicit job description C) high employee job discretion D) a large number of organizational rules E) a consistent and uniform output

C) high employee job discretion

80) The unanimity of a strong culture contributes to all of the following except ________. A) cohesiveness B) loyalty C) higher product quality D) organizational commitment E) lower employees' propensity to leave the organization

C) higher product quality

90) The knowledge, education, training, skills, and expertise of a firm's workers is known as: A) physical capital. B) management's philosophy. C) human capital. D) production capital. E) cultural diversity.

C) human capital.

60) With regard to the grapevine, a manager should try to ________. A) ignore it B) destroy it C) minimize the negative consequences of rumors by limiting its range and impact D) discipline those those involved in the grapevine rumors E) control the information flow

C) minimize the negative consequences of rumors by limiting its range and impact

22) If there is low formalization, a comprehensive information network, and high participation in decision making, one would expect a(n) ________ structure. A) simple B) mechanistic C) organic D) stable E) matrix

C) organic

62) Receivers in communication see and hear based on their needs, motivations, experience, background, and other personal characteristics. This is called ________. A) communication apprehension B) filtering C) selective perception D) emotional block E) projection

C) selective perception

44) During communication, the ________ initiates a message by encoding a thought. A) receiver B) channel C) sender D) speaker E) leader

C) sender

71) The key characteristic of organizational culture that assesses the degree to which organizational activities emphasize maintaining the status quo in contrast to growth is termed ________. A) permanence B) aggressiveness orientation C) stability D) competitiveness E) reflexivity

C) stability

75) A dominant culture is ________. A) the sum of an organization's subcultures B) defined by the leader of an organization C) synonymous with an organization's culture D) usually a strong culture E) likely to be a weak culture

C) synonymous with an organization's culture

14) If you have a narrow span of control, you have a(n) ________ organization. A) efficient B) short C) tall D) matrix E) fat

C) tall

36) All contingency theories are based on the idea that effective leadership performance depends on ________. A) the proper match between the leader's style and the control the situation gives the leader B) selecting the right leadership style based on the level of the followers' readiness C) using a leadership style that is appropriate to the situational conditions D) making use of the best path for the goal that is identified E) the "right" traits

C) using a leadership style that is appropriate to the situational conditions

57) The most effective communication network for facilitating the emergence of a leader is ________. A) chain B) all-channel C) wheel D) direct E) box

C) wheel

53) Memos, letters, e-mail, fax transmissions, and organizational periodicals represent examples of ________. A) informal communication channels B) formal communication channels C) written communication D) technological communication E) electronic communication

C) written communication

25) Which of the following statements best characterizes the function of leadership within an organization? A) Leadership is more important than management. B) Vision is a common thread throughout the research on leadership. C) Management is more important than leadership. D) Leaders establish direction by developing a vision of the future; then they align people by communicating this vision and inspiring them to overcome hurdles. E) Leaderships and management are interchangeable terms.

D) Leaders establish direction by developing a vision of the future; then they align people by communicating this vision and inspiring them to overcome hurdles.

69) ________ is the characteristic of organizational culture that addresses the degree to which management decisions take into consideration the effect of outcomes on people within the organization. A) Humanistic B) Community C) Team D) People orientation E) Relationship

D) People orientation

45) A(n) ________ communication network occurs when a checkout clerk reports to a department manager, who in turn reports to a store manager, who reports to a regional manager. A) direct B) all-channel C) vertical D) chain E) horizontal

D) chain

94) The size of HR department depends on: A) company goals B) company assets C) analyzing metrics D) company size and needs E) none of above

D) company size and needs

42) The receiver of a communication is most likely to ________ a message initiated by the sender. A) explain B) reproduce C) reflect D) decode E) discard

D) decode

72) In contrasting organizational culture with job satisfaction, organizational culture is a(n) ________ term, while job satisfaction is a(n) ________ term. A) predictive; reactive B) implied; stated C) reflective; affective D) descriptive; evaluative E) inductive; deductive

D) descriptive; evaluative

8) The basis by which jobs are grouped together is termed ________. A) social clustering B) bureaucracy C) specialization D) centralization E) departmentalization

E) departmentalization

49) All of the following are examples of downward communication flows EXCEPT A) managers assigning goals for subordinates B) managers informing employees of procedures C) managers pointing out problems that need attention by employees D) employees completing attitude surveys E) managers telling employees to work more quickly

D) employees completing attitude surveys

18) Your trainees are given a case study concerning a local manufacturing firm called Acme Products. In assessing Acme's organizational structure, your trainees notice that all of the company's decisions are made by top management, with little or no input from lower-level personnel. The trainees most likely identify Acme as a(n) ________ organization. A) decentralized B) highly formalized C) aggressively managed D) highly centralized E) informally structured

D) highly centralized

30) The two dimensions of leader behavior explained in the Ohio State studies are ________. A) coercion and motivation B) concern for people and concern for production C) employee-oriented and production-oriented D) initiating structure and consideration E) operant conditioning and classical conditioning

D) initiating structure and consideration

77) Which of the following is characteristic of a strong culture? A) little influence over members' behavior B) low behavioral controls C) narrowly shared values D) intensely held values E) weakly held values

D) intensely held values

88) The acronyms and jargon that employees use in an organization are part of A) stories. B) material symbols. C) rituals. D) language. E) reflections.

D) language.

51) Communication that takes place among members of work groups at the same level is known as ________ communication. A) tangential B) cross-functional C) job D) lateral E) downward

D) lateral

29) If behavioral leadership theories are correct, then ________. A) leadership behaviors are consistent B) leaders are born with leadership behaviors C) leaders' behavior should be altered D) leadership skills can be taught through training E) women generally make better leaders than men

D) leadership skills can be taught through training

10) Proctor & Gamble departmentalizes by Tide, Pampers, Charmin, and Pringles. This is an example of departmentalization by ________. A) function B) process C) geography D) product E) interest

D) product

83) The ultimate source of an organization's culture is ________. A) top management B) the environment C) the country in which the organization operates D) the organization's founders E) the belief systems of it employees

D) the organization's founders

40) Communication must include both the ________ and the understanding of meaning. A) transportation B) interpretation C) writing D) transfer E) intention

D) transfer

50) Suggestion boxes, employee attitude surveys, and grievance procedures are examples of ________. A) organizational structure B) horizontal communication C) managerial communication D) upward communication E) diagonal communication

D) upward communication

46) When all communication is channeled through one person, a ________ communication network exists. A) direct B) chain C) lateral D) wheel E) box

D) wheel

78) ________ are indicators of a strong organizational culture. A) High levels of dissention B) Weak managers C) Completely horizontal organizational charts D) Narrowly defined roles E) Widely shared values

E) Widely shared values

70) The key characteristic of organizational culture that addresses the degree to which people are competitive rather than easygoing is termed ________. A) assertiveness B) competitiveness C) aversiveness D) risk taking E) aggressiveness

E) aggressiveness

95) Traditional roles of HR professionals include: A) acting as a consultant B) formulating policies and procedures C) offering advice D) providing HR services E) all of above

E) all of above

82) Culture may be a liability when it is a barrier to ________. A) change B) diversity C) mergers D) acquisitions E) all of the above

E) all of the above

24) John Kotter's view argues that management focuses on coping with complexity, whereas leadership focuses on coping with ________. A) conflict B) success C) defeat D) morale E) change

E) change

97) Herzberg's studies are closely linked with: A) Mary Parker Follett. B) Frederick Taylor. C) the human resources movement. D) scientific management. E) factors affecting employee satisfaction

E) factors affecting employee satisfaction

2) Organizational structure has six key elements. Which of the following is not one of these elements? A) centralization B) departmentalization C) work specialization D) formalization E) location of authority

E) location of authority

32) Your boss has been reading several books on leadership. You notice that every few months he is spouting a different approach and philosophy. You have been trying to keep up with him and figure out which "leadership theory of the month" he is studying. This month, he seems to be focusing on whether the managers are employee-oriented or production-oriented. You deduce that he has been reading ________. A) Hersey and Blanchard B) Vroom and Yetton C) Fiedler D) House E) the University of Michigan studies

E) the University of Michigan studies

17) In an organization that has high centralization, ________. A) the corporate headquarters is located centrally to branch offices B) all top-level officials are located within the same geographic area C) action can be taken more quickly to solve problems D) new employees have a great deal of legitimate authority E) top managers make all the decisions and lower-level managers merely carry out directions

E) top managers make all the decisions and lower-level managers merely carry out directions

26) Which theory states that people are born with certain characteristics that predispose them to being leaders? A) Fiedler's perspective B) characteristic theory C) LPC D) contingency theory E) trait theory

E) trait theory