MGT 310- Ch 12
A leader's influence is greater when ______.
the number of followers is large
The behavioral approach to leadership attempts to identify Blank______.
what behaviors effective leaders exhibit
The focus of behavioral leadership is on
what good leaders do
Task performance behaviors focuses on Blank______. (Check all that apply.)
work speed and quality quantity of output rule following
Which of the following is the leader's job?
create a vision
The two key situational factors in path-goal theory are personal characteristics of Blank______ and the environmental pressures and demands they must cope with.
followers
The best visions are ideal and unique such that the vision
communicates a clear choice of positive values communicates a standard of excellence communicates pride in being different from other organizations
Participative leadership behaviors are most appropriate when people
have an internal locus of control
Directive leadership is most appropriate when followers Blank______ (Check all that apply.)
have low abilities are highly authoritarian
Leader behaviors performed by managers that involve their employees in decision making are called
participative decision making
Leader behaviors performed by managers that involve their employees in decision making are called Blank______.
participative decision making
The belief that leaders influence their followers' perceptions of their work goals and their path in attaining them is known as Blank______ theory.
path-goal
The most comprehensive and generally useful situational model of leadership effectiveness is the Blank______.
path-goal theory
Group maintenance behaviors focus on Blank______. (Check all that apply)
people's feelings and comfort stress reduction
In path-goal theory, the most appropriate leadership behaviors are determined by which of the following factors? (Check all that apply.)
personal characteristics of followers environmental pressures and demands that followers face
When leaders vary their behavior to meet the needs of the specific matter at hand, they are practicing the Blank______ approach to leadership.
situational
According to the Tannenbaum and Schmidt model of situational leadership, what are the three factors managers should consider before deciding how to lead members of their organization?
subordinates situation managers
Actions taken to ensure that the work group or organization reaches its goals are called
Task Performance
According to Fiedler, what determines the favorability of a situation? (Check all that apply.)
Task structure Leader-member relations Position power
Leadership that emphasizes completion of assignments or jobs is called Blank______ leadership in Fiedler's contingency model.
Task-Motivated
______ is necessary for effective leadership.
Vision
Which is the best example of legitimate power?
A supervisor tells a subordinate to wear safety goggles.
What do outstanding leaders have that provides direction and the inspiration to move the organization toward it?
A Vision
According to path-goal theory, which of the following statements regarding the importance of follower characteristics are true? (Check all that apply)
Ability is people's beliefs about their abilities to perform their jobs. Locus of control is the extent to which people believe they can affect their environment. Authoritarianism is the degree to which individuals defer to authority.
A style in which the leader is true to himself or herself is called Blank______ leadership.
Authentic
A leader who exhibits a(n) Blank______ style will make decisions alone, without participation by the group.
Autocratic
______ leadership involves making decisions on one's own and announcing them to the group.
Autocratic
Recently, Amber was given the ability to punish employees when they are repeatedly late for work. This is an example of an increase in Amber's___power
Coercive
In Blank______ leadership, input is solicited by leaders from others.
Democratic
______ leadership seeks information, opinions, and preferences to make a decision.
Democratic
Marco is the owner of Digital Now. His employees say he is an ambitious owner who constantly strives for performance improvement even when conditions in the competitive environment seem almost insurmountable. Based on this description, one can infer that Marco exhibits which leadership attribute?
Drive
True or false: A leader must behave in ways that emphasize both the performance and maintenance dimensions of leadership.
False
True or false: An organization's success is based on a manager's ability to lead, not on whether or not the manager's employees follow.
False
Which of the following is a situational approach to leadership that postulates that effectiveness depends on the personal style of the leader and the degree to which the situation gives the leader power, control, and influence over the situation?
Fiedler's contingency model
Match the force in Tannenbaum and Schmidt's model of situational leadership with the appropriate descriptions
Forces in the manager-Feelings of security, personal values, confidence in employees Forces in the situation-Type of leadership style the organization values, type of information needed to solve the problem Forces in the subordinate-Understanding and acceptance of organization's goals, readiness to assume responsibility, interest in the task or problem
Actions taken to ensure the satisfaction of group members are Blank______ behaviors.
Group Maintenance
A leader is someone who ______ others in attaining goals.
Influences
When a situation is unfavorable for leading, how does this impact the manager's job?
It becomes difficult to maintain situational control.
Which of the following statements about a leader's vision are true?
It is necessary for effective leadership. It works best when it conveys an ideal. It can be developed across the organization.
Which statement about laissez-faire leadership style is true?
It results in more negative attitudes and lower performance.
In which leadership theory do leadership behaviors (including open communication, mutual respect, and mutual loyalty) all work to improve relationships?
Leader-member exchange
Blank______ highlights the importance of leader behaviors not just toward the group as a whole but toward individuals on a personal basis.
Leader-member exchange theory
______ highlights the importance of leader behaviors not just toward the group as a whole but toward individuals on a personal basis.
Leader-member exchange theory
A preference to be in leadership rather than follower positions is indicative of which leader trait?
Leadership motivation
When a leader has the right or authority to tell others what to do, the leader has___power
Legitimate
Match the source of leadership power with the appropriate definition.
Legitimate- Authority to tell others what to do Expert- Has certain knowledge Coercive- Has control over punishments Reward- Authority to dole out raises or bonuses Referent- Personal characteristics that appeal to others
A combination of strong professional will and humility that builds enduring greatness describes
Level 5
External locus of control means that whatever happens is a result of Blank______.
Luck or Fate
Job Blank______ is defined as the level of the employee's skills and technical knowledge relative to the task being performed.
Maturity
In situational theory, Hersey and Blanchard identify the ______ as the key situational factor.
Maturity of followers
Maintenance behaviors are most important for followers with _______ levels of maturity.
Moderate
Which of the following statements about organizational success are accurate? (Check all that apply.)
Organizational success rests on the quality of leadership. Organizational success rests on the ability of followers to follow.
The most comprehensive and generally useful situational model of leadership effectiveness is the
Path-Goal Theory
The capacity to influence other people despite resistance is referred to as
Power
The five bases of Blank______ are legitimate, reward, referent, expert, and coercive.
Power
When a leader is able to get things done or accomplish goals even when others resist, the leader has
Power
______ is defined as an employee's self-confidence and self-respect.
Psychological maturity
A manager's ability to control such desirable things as pay raises or bonuses is using Blank______ power.
Reward
Greta, the manager of a local bank, needs to be able to better motivate her employees. She has asked her supervisor for the authority to give and withhold incentives. Greta is asking for an increase in her
Reward
"Look before you lead" corresponds to the Blank______ approach to leadership.
Situational
______ theory proposes that the more mature the followers are, the less the leader needs to engage in task performance behaviors.
Situational
A democratic decision may not be appropriate when ______ or decisiveness is of the essence.
Speed
Which of the following are true about managers and leaders? (Check all that apply.)
The same person can be both a manager and a leader. Leaders are responsible for different processes than managers. Both are important to an organization.
It may be counterproductive to use directive leadership when which of the following conditions exist?
The subordinate is an independent thinker. The subordinate works best when left alone. The subordinate is highly skilled at completing assigned tasks.
The oldest leadership perspective is the Blank______ approach; this approach focuses on individual leaders and attempts to determine the personal characteristics that great leaders share.
Trait
______ approach assumes that a leadership personality exists and that leaders are born, not made.
Trait
Blank______ leaders view management as a series of steps in which they use their powers in a dispassionate manner to get work done.
Transactional
A leader who is able to generate excitement and revitalize an organization is a
Transformational
True or false: Fiedler's contingency model suggests certain kinds of managers are likely to be effective in particular situations.
True
A______ is a mental image of a possible and desirable future state of the organization.
Vision
The Blank______ model of leadership focuses on the participative dimension of leadership and how leaders go about making decisions.
Vroom
The leadership model that emphasizes how leaders go about making decisions based on attributes of the problem at hand is called the ______ model.
Vroom
Which type of leader is most likely to motivate people to transcend their personal interests for the sake of the organization?
a transformational leader
Managers and leaders are not the same thing. What makes managers different from leaders is that managers have the responsibility to___while leaders do not.
address day-to-day complexities
Which of the following are part of the personality characteristic of a leader with drive? (Check all that apply)
ambition high levels of energy high need for achievement persistence in the face of adversity
What are the three key follower characteristics in the path-goal theory?
authoritarianism ability locus of control
A leader who has a vision, a strong conviction in the moral righteousness of his or her beliefs, and the ability to communicate it to others exemplifies the essence of Blank______.
charisma
Leaders who are dominant, self-confident, and able to communicate their vision to subordinates are ______ leaders.
charismatic
According to path-goal theory, when a subordinate is not sure how to complete an assigned task, Blank______ leadership is beneficial.
directive
Of the four leadership behaviors in path-goal theory, Blank______ leadership is a form of task performance-oriented behavior.
directive
The performance and maintenance behaviors of leadership are Blank______ each other.
independent of
PJ is the founder of a nonprofit organization that provides support services to members of the armed services suffering from post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Volunteers often characterize PJ as honest, credible, and as a man who says what he means and means what he says. PJ is the classic leader with Blank______.
integrity
When a manager's actions correspond with what the manager says, that manager is exhibiting which leader trait?
integrity
The absence of managerial decision making is known as Blank______ leadership.
laissez-faire
It is important for leaders to possess self-confidence in order to Blank______ (Check all that apply)
make decisions despite uncertainty instill confidence in others overcome obstacles
Which are part of the leader trait known as leadership motivation? (Check all that apply.)
need for power desire to lead
Autocratic leadership and democratic leadership represent two positions along the dimension of leadership behavior called Blank______.
participation in decision making
According to path-goal theory, which leadership style would be most appropriate when an employee has an internal locus of control?
participative
According to the path-goal theory, the four pertinent leadership behaviors are Blank______ leadership. (Check all that apply.)
participative achievement-oriented supportive directive
A Blank______ leader is one who ignores the needs of his followers and puts his own self-interests first.
pseudotransformational
Hersey and Blanchard's situational theory states that before deciding whether task performance or maintenance behaviors are more important, managers should consider an employee's ______. (Check all that apply.)
psychological maturity job maturity
What are the basic leadership styles described by Fred E. Fiedler? (Check all that apply.)
relationship-oriented task-oriented
People ask a lot from leaders of their organization, including which of the following? (Check all that apply.)
respectful and fair treatment competence and proper management support for personal development
Which leader trait can become a setback if taken too far, resulting in arrogance and cockiness?
self-confidence
People with an internal locus of control Blank______ for their own actions.
take responsibility
The appropriateness of democratic leadership depends on the characteristics of the leaders, the followers, and
the situation
The appropriateness of democratic leadership depends on the characteristics of the leaders, the followers, and Blank______.
the situation
When managers use coercive power, they would respond to employees who are slow to complete a task by
threatening to dock their pay or reduce their working hours if they don't shape up
A _______leader is someone who uses his or her legitimate power to give commands and exchange rewards for services rendered.
transactional
Employees want their leaders to ______.
trust their judgment
