MGT 3110 Organizational Behavior Exam 2
Which of the following is not a suggestion for improving communications with the baby boomer generation? A. Be aware of different values and motives B. Match degree of formality with the culture C. Avoid stereotypes D. Use a variety of communication tools E. Stick to only old-fashioned communication methods
E. Stick to only old-fashioned communication methods
_______ is the characteristic of PsyCap that consists of bouncing back from adversity. A. Efficacy B. Resilience C. Health D. Hope E. Optimism
B. Resilience
Which of the following is not a content theory of motivation? A. Theory X and Theory Y B. Self-determination Theory C. Maslow's hierarchy of needs theory D. Acquired needs theory E. Equity theory
E. Equity Theory
_________ is one characteristic that would describe an organization without positive OB. A. Compassion B. Postive deviance C. Humility D. Resilience E. Focus on wealth
E. Focus on wealth
The need for belonging is part of the need for A. Esteem B. Safety C. Physiological D. Self-actualization E. Love
E. Love
______ refers to how long we focus on an activity. A. Volume B. Integration C. Direction D. Intensity E. Persistence
E. Persistence
Equity theory is a model of motivation that explains how people strive for fairness.
True
In 360-degree feedback, individuals compare perceptions of their own performance with information from their manager, subordinates, and peers. True or False
True
Intensity pertains to the amount of effort being invested in an activity. True or False
True
Intrinsic rewards are psychic and self-granted. True or False
True
Job crafting may involve changing task boundaries, the relational nature of a job, or cognitions about the job. True or False
True
Motivation explains why we do the things we do. True or False
True
One example of a crucial conversation is asking your roommate to move out. True or False
True
Organizations should encourage positive deviance in the workplace. True or False
True
Performance management is a set of processes and managerial behaviors that involve defining, monitoring, measuring, evaluating, and providing consequences for performance expectations. True or False
True
Pride is a positive emotion. However, unchecked pride is hubris, which is not positive. True or False
True
The acronym that helps you to remember the factors in addressing difficult conversations is STATE. True or False
True
The most effective reinforcement schedules are variable ratio and variable interval. True or False
True
The three effects of positive organizational behavior are amplifying, buffering, and positivity. True or False
True
The two components of hope are willpower and waypower. True or False
True
To practice conscious capitalism, an organization should be interdependent with stakeholders. True or False
True
Women are expected to communicate less aggressively than men and to interrupt others less. True or False
True
C. Prepare everyone to be a spokesperson for the company's online policies
Which of the following is not an element of an effective social media policy? A. Align the policy with the organization's culture B. Outline consequences for violations C. Prepare everyone to be a spokesperson for the company's online policies D. Define what is considered illegal E. Clarify what is confidential
Which of the following is not an example of a crucial conversation? A. Critiquing a colleague's report B. Confronting a teammate who is frequently late to meetings C. A negative performance review D. Inviting a friend to dinner E. Ending a relationship
Which of the following is not an example of a crucial conversation? A. Critiquing a colleague's report B. Confronting a teammate who is frequently late to meetings C. A negative performance review D. Inviting a friend to dinner E. Ending a relationship
Which of the following is not a factor in media richness? A. Language source B. How many visual and audio cues it provides C. Whether the communication is personal or impersonal D. How fast it provides feedback E. The linguistic style of the sender
E. The linguistic style of the sender
Efficacy is a component of a person's core self-evaluation; it influences how we perceive ourselves and how we perceive the world. True or False
Efficacy is a component of a person's core self-evaluation; it influences how we perceive ourselves and how we perceive the world. True or False
______ is the process of interpreting and making sense of a message. A. Decoding B. Choosing a medium C. Encoding D. Analyzing media richness E. Giving feedback
A. Decoding
Linguistic style includes all of the following except A. Eye contact B. Word choice C. Pacing and pausing D. Use of jokes E. Use of stories
A. Eye contact
Santiago needs to study for an upcoming test in his business law course. His roommate is driving him crazy by singing and whistling. Santiago heads for the library and finds a quiet room in the back so he can study more effectively. Santiago is increasing his A. Mindfulness B. Positive deviance C. Optimism D. Mindlessness E. Attention delinquency
A. Mindfulness
The last step in effective performance management is A. Providing Consequences B. Evaluating Performance C. Defining Performance D. Reviewing Performance E. Monitoring Performance
A. Providing Consequences
Samantha is ambitious and has taken a position with XYZ Corporation as a management trainee. She is looking forward to going through challenging projects as she rotates through several departments of the company over the next two years. However, she also just became engaged, and wants to spend time with her fiancé. Which of the following would best describe what Samantha is seeking? A. Total rewards B. Alternative rewards C. Extrinsic rewards D. Intrinsic rewards E. Justice
A. Total rewards
______ is the positive or negative value people place on outcomes. A. Valence B. Motive C. Expectation D. Instrumentality E. Expectancy
A. Valence
According to Herzberg's motivator-hygiene theory, hygiene factors are more frequently associated with the content of the task being performed. True or False
According to Herzberg's motivator-hygiene theory, hygiene factors are more frequently associated with the content of the task being performed. True or False
An instrumentality represents an individual's belief that a particular outcome is contingent on accomplishing a specific level of performance. True or False
An instrumentality represents an individual's belief that a particular outcome is contingent on accomplishing a specific level of performance. True or False
_____ is the extent to which a job enables an individual to experience freedom, independence, and discretion. A. Experienced responsibility B. Autonomy C. Task identity D. Task variety E. Task management
B. Autonomy
______ is defined as the state of being completely involved in an activity for its own sake. A. PERMA B. Flow C. Engagement D. PsyCap E. Meaningfulness
B. Flow
______ is the process of strengthening a behavior by contingently withdrawing something displeasing. A. Extinction B. Negative Reinforcement C. Punishment D. Positive Reinforcement E. Respondent Behavior
B. Negative Reinforcement
A person will experience _______ when his or her outcome to input ratio is less than that of a relevant comparison person. A. Positive inequity B. Negative inequity C. Equity D. Positive equity E. Negative equity
B. Negative inequity
In the recency perceptual error, a person A. Evaluates people by comparing them with characteristics of other people observed in the recent past. B. Over-relies on information from the last portion of the review period. C. Consistently evaluates people in an extremely positive fashion. D. Forms an overall impression, and then uses that impression to bias ratings. E. Avoids all extreme judgments and rates everyone as average or neutral.
B. Over-relies on information from the last portion of the review period.
Fred, a department manager, is attending the monthly budget planning meeting, where all the department managers report on their current status. Both before and after his own presentation, he sits forward in his chair and makes eye contact with all the other managers as they present. He asks questions and nods his head after their responses. He is exhibiting the ________ style of listening. A. Involved B. Passive C. Active D. Immediate E. Detached
C. Active
When positive practices have an escalating effect on positive outcomes because of their association with positive emotions and social capital, a(n) _________ effect has occurred. A. Positivity B. Deviant C. Amplifying D. Buffering E. Attentional
C. Amplifying
Which of the following is not a step of the TED protocol for effective presentations? A. Plan your delivery B. Frame your story C. Evaluate your presentation D. Develop your stage presence E. Plan your multimedia
C. Evaluate your presentation
Which of the following is not a factor that affects perceptions of feedback? A. Credible source B. Reasonableness of the goals or standards C. Personal relationship with the feedback giver D. Accuracy E. Fairness of the system
C. Personal relationship with the feedback giver
Carl has asked Martha, who has the office next to him, to watch him practice the presentation he will be giving to his bosses next week. What step of the TED protocol for effective presentations is he in? A. Plan your multimedia B. Plan your delivery C. Put it together D. Frame your story E. Develop your stage presence
C. Put it together
Donovan and Keith both work as line employees at the Widget Corporation plant. They are both big fans of the San Francisco Forty-Niners and meet at game times in local sports bars to watch the game. They are probably providing _______ to each other. A. Informational support B. Achievement support C. Social companionship D. Instrumental support E. Esteem support
C. Social companionship
What kind of goal is best for jobs that are dynamic, but in which nearer-term activities and milestones can be defined? A. Objective B. Learning C. Task D. Behavioral E. Reinforcement
C. Task
Sharon recently visited the Mayan temple at Chitzen Itza in the Yucatan. She was humbled by its feeling of age and history, particularly because she is of Mayan descent. ________ is the emotion she is likely feeling. A. Inspiration B. Pride C. Gratitude D. Awe E. Serenity
D. Awe
________ is the shared belief that drives people to help others who are suffering. A. Flourishing B. Restoration C. Temperance D. Compassion E. Virtuosity
D. Compassion
Jack set himself a goal of shooting a 79 or better on his local golf course before the end of spring. This is a ________ goal. A. Learning B. Equity C. Procedural D. Performance
D. Performance
Skinner labeled unlearned reflexes or stimulus-response connections as A. Contingent Behavior B. Reward Behavior C. Consequential Behavior D. Respondent Behavior E. Operant Behavior
D. Respondent Behavior
The three global values that are essential for promoting positive OB are A. Flourishing, motivation, and satisfaction B. Hope, optimism, and resilience C. Positive emotions, engagement, and meaning D. Restorative justice, compassion, and temperance E. Social support, information support, and instrumental support
D. Restorative justice, compassion, and temperance
If unpredictable instances of a target behavior are reinforced, a _________ schedule is in effect. A. Continuous B. Negative C. Positive D. Variable E. Fixed
D. Variable
Folding arms, crossing hands, and crossing legs communicate A. Liking B. Boredom C. Happiness D. Immediacy E. Defensiveness
E. Defensiveness
______ justice is the perceived fairness of how resources and rewards are distributed or allocated. A. Interpersonal B. Interactional C. Procedural D. Institutional E. Distributive
E. Distributive
Employees' perceptions of formal and informal organizational policies, practices, procedures, and routines are known as organizational values. True or False
Employees' perceptions of formal and informal organizational policies, practices, procedures, and routines are known as organizational values. True or False
In the job characteristics model, the presence of skill variety, task identity, and task significance cause an employee to feel A. High growth satisfaction B. Experienced meaningfulness of the work C. High intrinsic work motivation D. Knowledge of the actual results of the work activities E. Experienced responsibility for the outcomes of the work
Experienced meaningfulness of the work
According to Skinner, unlearned reflexes are called operant behavior, and learned behavior is called respondent behavior. True or False
False
Agreeableness is a term used to represent openness, warmth, closeness, and availability for communication. True or False
False
Content theories of motivation focus on how internal factors and environmental characteristics influence employee motivation. True or False
False
Feedback has only one primary purpose for those who receive it: motivation. True or False
False
Job enlargement is the process of modifying a job to increase the opportunities to experience achievement, recognition, stimulating work, responsibility, and advancement. True or False
False
Mindlessness is awareness that emerges through paying attention on purpose. True or False
False
Nonverbal communication includes your facial expressions and body movements, but not how you dress or how close you stand to other people. True or False
False
One of the components of virtuous leadership is charisma. True or False
False
Punishment decreases undesired behaviors but extinction increases undesired behaviors. True or False
False
Step 1 of the performance management process is monitoring and evaluating performance. True or False
False
The goal of the job characteristics model is to promote low extrinsic motivation. True or False
False
The most important part of stage presence is your physical movement around the area where you are presenting. True or False
False
To achieve positive OB, an organization must pursue the key contributors of distributive justice, temperance, and virtuous leadership. True or False
False
In Maslow's need hierarchy, the most basic need (and the one that must be met first) is physiological. True or False
In Maslow's need hierarchy, the most basic need (and the one that must be met first) is physiological. True or False
Last week, a major construction project began on Brandon's normal route to work. After two days of getting angry and being late to work, Brandon found a new way to go which was slightly longer, but faster. Which of the following processes did Brandon engage in? A. Positive reinforcement B. Extinction C. Intermittent reinforcement D. Negative reinforcement E. Punishment
Last week, a major construction project began on Brandon's normal route to work. After two days of getting angry and being late to work, Brandon found a new way to go which was slightly longer, but faster. Which of the following processes did Brandon engage in? A. Positive reinforcement B. Extinction C. Intermittent reinforcement D. Negative reinforcement E. Punishment
Linguistic style refers to a person's characteristic speaking pattern. True or False
Linguistic style refers to a person's characteristic speaking pattern. True or False
Effective managers give employees timely and task-specific feedback about what they are doing right, as well as about what they are doing wrong. True or False
True
Restricting employees' use of social media at work generally leads to gains in productivity. True or False
Restricting employees' use of social media at work generally leads to gains in productivity. True or False
The factor of media richness that ranges from personal to impersonal is known as the "type" of communication. True or False
The factor of media richness that ranges from personal to impersonal is known as the "type" of communication. True or False
A learning goal involves enhancing knowledge or skill. True or False
True
Communication begins when a sender encodes an idea or thought. True or False
True
Which of the following is not an example of a hygiene factor in Herzberg's motivator-hygiene model? A. Company policies B. Supervision C. Advancement D. Working conditions E. Salary
Which of the following is not an example of a hygiene factor in Herzberg's motivator-hygiene model? A. Company policies B. Supervision C. Advancement D. Working conditions E. Salary
C. Employees' level of flourishing is related to organizational outcomes such as productivity and financial performance.
Which of the following statements is true? A. Well-being is a single, unique concept that is related to happiness B. PERMA should be pursued as a means to obtain a better career. C. Employees' level of flourishing is related to organizational outcomes such as productivity and financial performance. D. Positive emotions "happen to people"; they cannot be pursued proactively. E. PERMA elements are positively related to good health, but are not related to work-related outcomes such as organizational commitment and career satisfaction
___________ occurs when an individual is "turned on to one's work because of the positive internal feelings that are generated by doing well." A. Job dissatisfaction B. Extrinsic motivation C. Job satisfaction D. Organizational citizenship behavior E. Intrinsic motivation
___________ occurs when an individual is "turned on to one's work because of the positive internal feelings that are generated by doing well." A. Job dissatisfaction B. Extrinsic motivation C. Job satisfaction D. Organizational citizenship behavior E. Intrinsic motivation