MGT 312 Test 2

______ teams are composed of specialists from different areas.

Cross-functional

A person will experience _______ when his or her outcome to input ratio is less than that of a relevant comparison person.

Negative Inequity

______ is the process of strengthening a behavior by contingently withdrawing something displeasing.

Negative reinforcement

Justice Theory

Organizational justice refers to the extent to which people perceive that they are treated fairly at work

______ refers to how long we focus on an activity.

Persistence

_______ is the characteristic of PsyCap that consists of bouncing back from adversity.

Resiliency

Contrast Effect

Tendency to evaluate by comparison

McGregor's Theory X and Theory Y

Theory X - the assumption that employees dislike work, are lazy, avoid responsibility, and must be coerced to perform. Theory Y - the assumption that employees are creative, enjoy work, seek responsibility, and can exercise self-direction.

self-determination theory

assumes that three innate needs influence our behavior and well-being - competence, autonomy, and relatedness

Which of the following are the three Cs of team players?

committed, collaborative, competent

A _____ is a set of expected behaviors for members of the group as a whole.

group role

Last week, a major construction project began on Brandon's normal route to work. After two days of getting angry and being late to work, Brandon found a new way to go which was slightly longer, but faster. Which of the following processes did Brandon engage in?

negative reinforcement

In the recency perceptual error, a person

over-relies on information from the last portion of the review period

In which stage of the group development process are group members asking, "How can I best perform my role?"

performing

Acquired Needs Theory

states that three needs - achievement, affiliation, and power - are major motives determining people's behavior in the workplace

Halo effect

tendency of an interviewer to allow positive characteristics of a client to influence the assessments of the client's behavior and statements

Equity Theory

the idea that people are happiest with relationships in which the rewards and costs experienced by both parties are roughly equal

Herzberg's Motivation-Hygiene Theory

the idea that satisfaction and dissatisfaction are separate and distinct dimensions

Expectancy Theory

the theory that people will be motivated to the extent to which they believe that their efforts will lead to good performance, that good performance will be rewarded, and that they will be offered attractive rewards

Recency Effects

to over-rely on most recent information

If unpredictable instances of a target behavior are reinforced, a _________ schedule is in effect.

variable

Which of the following is not an example of a hygiene factor in Herzberg's motivator-hygiene model?

Advancement 1. working conditions 2. advancement 3. supervision 4. salary 5. company policies

When positive practices have an escalating effect on positive outcomes because of their association with positive emotions and social capital, a(n) _________ effect has occurred.

Amplifying

______ justice is the perceived fairness of how resources and rewards are distributed or allocated.

Distributive

_______ is defined as the state of being completely involved in an activity for its own sake.

Flow

Process Theory

Focus on explaining the process by which internal factors and environmental characteristics influence employee motivation

Content Theory

Focus on identifying factors, such as needs and satisfaction, that energize motivation

Continuous

If every instance of a target behavior is reinforced

___________ occurs when an individual is "turned on to one's work because of the positive internal feelings that are generated by doing well."

Intrinsic Motivation

The need for belonging is part of the need for

Love

Which of the following is not a content theory of motivation?

Maslow's hierarchy of needs theory equity theory ***** acquired needs theory self-determination theory Theory X and Theory Y

Santiago needs to study for an upcoming test in his business law course. His roommate is driving him crazy by singing and whistling. Santiago heads for the library and finds a quiet room in the back so he can study more effectively. Santiago is increasing his

Mindfulness

Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs

Motivation is a hierarchy of 5 needs: physiological, safety, love/belonging, esteem, self-actualization

Central Tendency

To avoid all extreme judgements and rate people or objects as average or neutral

Leniency

To consistently evaluate other people or objects in an extremely positive fashion.

______ is the positive or negative value people place on outcomes.

Valence