MGT 312 Test 2
______ teams are composed of specialists from different areas.
Cross-functional
A person will experience _______ when his or her outcome to input ratio is less than that of a relevant comparison person.
Negative Inequity
______ is the process of strengthening a behavior by contingently withdrawing something displeasing.
Negative reinforcement
Justice Theory
Organizational justice refers to the extent to which people perceive that they are treated fairly at work
______ refers to how long we focus on an activity.
Persistence
_______ is the characteristic of PsyCap that consists of bouncing back from adversity.
Resiliency
Contrast Effect
Tendency to evaluate by comparison
McGregor's Theory X and Theory Y
Theory X - the assumption that employees dislike work, are lazy, avoid responsibility, and must be coerced to perform. Theory Y - the assumption that employees are creative, enjoy work, seek responsibility, and can exercise self-direction.
self-determination theory
assumes that three innate needs influence our behavior and well-being - competence, autonomy, and relatedness
Which of the following are the three Cs of team players?
committed, collaborative, competent
A _____ is a set of expected behaviors for members of the group as a whole.
group role
Last week, a major construction project began on Brandon's normal route to work. After two days of getting angry and being late to work, Brandon found a new way to go which was slightly longer, but faster. Which of the following processes did Brandon engage in?
negative reinforcement
In the recency perceptual error, a person
over-relies on information from the last portion of the review period
In which stage of the group development process are group members asking, "How can I best perform my role?"
performing
Acquired Needs Theory
states that three needs - achievement, affiliation, and power - are major motives determining people's behavior in the workplace
Halo effect
tendency of an interviewer to allow positive characteristics of a client to influence the assessments of the client's behavior and statements
Equity Theory
the idea that people are happiest with relationships in which the rewards and costs experienced by both parties are roughly equal
Herzberg's Motivation-Hygiene Theory
the idea that satisfaction and dissatisfaction are separate and distinct dimensions
Expectancy Theory
the theory that people will be motivated to the extent to which they believe that their efforts will lead to good performance, that good performance will be rewarded, and that they will be offered attractive rewards
Recency Effects
to over-rely on most recent information
If unpredictable instances of a target behavior are reinforced, a _________ schedule is in effect.
variable
Which of the following is not an example of a hygiene factor in Herzberg's motivator-hygiene model?
Advancement 1. working conditions 2. advancement 3. supervision 4. salary 5. company policies
When positive practices have an escalating effect on positive outcomes because of their association with positive emotions and social capital, a(n) _________ effect has occurred.
Amplifying
______ justice is the perceived fairness of how resources and rewards are distributed or allocated.
Distributive
_______ is defined as the state of being completely involved in an activity for its own sake.
Flow
Process Theory
Focus on explaining the process by which internal factors and environmental characteristics influence employee motivation
Content Theory
Focus on identifying factors, such as needs and satisfaction, that energize motivation
Continuous
If every instance of a target behavior is reinforced
___________ occurs when an individual is "turned on to one's work because of the positive internal feelings that are generated by doing well."
Intrinsic Motivation
The need for belonging is part of the need for
Love
Which of the following is not a content theory of motivation?
Maslow's hierarchy of needs theory equity theory ***** acquired needs theory self-determination theory Theory X and Theory Y
Santiago needs to study for an upcoming test in his business law course. His roommate is driving him crazy by singing and whistling. Santiago heads for the library and finds a quiet room in the back so he can study more effectively. Santiago is increasing his
Mindfulness
Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs
Motivation is a hierarchy of 5 needs: physiological, safety, love/belonging, esteem, self-actualization
Central Tendency
To avoid all extreme judgements and rate people or objects as average or neutral
Leniency
To consistently evaluate other people or objects in an extremely positive fashion.
______ is the positive or negative value people place on outcomes.
Valence
