MGT 341-Ch.7
____ support helps by defining, understanding, and coping with problems
Informational
_____ attempts at positivity may even do harm, because your lack of authenticity can cause others to lose trust in you and reduce your influence and credibility with them
Insincere
____ support includes financial aid, material resources, or needed services
Instrumental
The concept that positive practices escalate positive outcomes because of their association with positive emotions and social capital is known as the: A. psychological effect B. buffering effect C. positive effect D. amplifying effect
amplifying effect
The two key inhibitors of *mindfulness* are:
attentional deficit and attentional hyperactivity
What term is also used to describe engagement? A. being "in the zone" B. being "in the know" C. "living in the moment" D. "being present"
being "in the zone"
Research about positive and negative experiences agrees that they are NOT ____
equals
Virtuous leaders are more focused on the greater ____ than on self-interest
good
Organizational ____ are the procedures, policies, practices, routines, and rules that organizations use to get things done
practices
Positive emotions ____ your perspective about how to overcome challenges in your life; they also ____ on themselves, resulting in a spreading of positive emotions within yourself and those around you
broaden; build
In the _____ effect, positive practices and resources reduce the impact of negative events and stressors
buffering
We flourish when we pursue ____ for its own sake because it builds self-efficacy and feelings of mastery
achievement
The four traits of virtuous leaders are:
greater good, trust, integrity, forgiveness
Positive business do well and do good because they are profitable and they make the ____ of their stakeholders important and believe supporting and developing ____ is valuable in itself
well-being; employees
_____ emotions can motivate you to try harder and improve, and they can also protect you against harmful situations and communicate to others your need for help or support
Negative
*HERO*: Making positive attribution about succeeding now and in the future
Optimism
____ programs, ____ programs, and human resource practices and policies represent three key sets of practices that shape organizational climate
Training; support
____ represents what individuals and organizations aspire to be when they are at their very best
Virtuousness
_____ was the combined impact of five elements--positive emotions, engagement, relationships, meaning, and achievement (PERMA)
Well-being
In the ____ effect, positive practices from one individual result in additional positive practices by others, which spur positivity in others, which generate other positive outcomes
amplifying
Mindfulness requires attentional ____, or the ability to maintain sustained, nonemotional attention in a specific situation
balance
According to the definition of positive OB, what is its desired end result? A. better performance B. subduing uncertainty C. self-absorption D. focus on winning
better performance
A study in the Harvard Business Review reported that flourishing employees exhibited: -decreases in ____ -better overall ____ -greater ____ to their employers
burnout; performance; commitment
Employees' *perceptions* of formal and informal policies, practices, procedures, and routines at work is called the organizational ____
climate
The field of OB has started focusing on mindfulness because it can improve managerial skills linked to performance management such as ____, giving ____, and recognizing others
coaching; feedback
Social ____ is time spent with others in leisure and recreational activities
companionship
Efficacy represents your ____ in your ability to achieve, so it influences the way you ____ the world around you and your ability to deal with challenges and opportunities
confidence; perceive
Recent research done at the organizational level show that virtuous leadership has a positive effect over time on ____ satisfaction, ____ performance, and the organizational climate
customer; financial
Attentional ____ is the inability to focus vividly on an object or on what is happening right now; this can easily occur in a classroom when students feel bored, listless, or uninterested
deficit
To have hope you need to have a goal and a path and the ___ to achieve the goal
determination
Positive ____ is the successful performance that dramatically exceeds the norm in a positive direction
deviance
For ____ development, break larger goals into smaller subgoals, create plans, and seek feedback
efficacy
Temperance helps people avoid ____ and heated emotional responses and practice patience and restraint
egocentric
The focus of virtuous leaderships is to help individuals, groups, and organizations to ____, enrich, and flourish
elevate
Positive emotions have benefits that include: -combating negative ____ -bettering ____ performance -building ____ relationships
emotions; work; social
Employee ____ reflects the extent to which you are physically, cognitively, and emotionally engaged in an activity, task or project
engagement
Positive OB focuses on creating ____ positive inputs, processes, and outcomes at all levels in the Organizing Framework
exceptionally
Providing ____ offers assessments that are both motivational and instructional
feedback
Our lives result in goodness, growth, resilience when we: A. turnover B. flourish C. win D. compete
flourish
The final component of virtuous leadership is _____, the capacity to foster collective abandonment of justified resentment, bitterness, and blame, and instead, it is the adoption of positive, forward-looking approaches in response to harm or damage
forgiveness
If your positivity is not heartfelt and ____, you will not reap any of the benefits of imported performance, relationships, and health
genuine
For ____ development, generate a work-related goal, develop multiple plans for achieving it, and ask for feedback from others
hope
Individuals with high levels of *positive social capital (PsyCap)* possess considerable HERO which stands for:
hope, efficacy, resilience, optimism
Attentional ____ happens when our minds are racing or wandering, resulting in compulsive daydreaming or fantasizing
hyperactivity
An _____ is an end point or desired goal you want to achieve; it sends a signal to the mind that guides its attentiveness and awareness during the meditative practice
intention
Mindfulness improves our _____ communications because it keeps us focused on others and what they are saying
interpersonal
How does mindfulness improve your interactions with other people? A. it increases your agreement with people B. it increases your disagreement with people C. it increases your ability to focus on people D. it helps you to filter out other people
it increases your ability to focus on people
Three suggestions for building meaning into your life: -Identify activities you ____ doing -Find a way to build your natural ____ into your personal and work life -Go out and ___ someone
love; strengths; help
The framework of positive OB is driven by positive emotions, _____, and psychological ____
mindfulness; capital
A state of mind that requires minimal information processing and is similar to being on "automatic pilot" is ____
mindlessness
Emotions that are ____ result in actions that are narrow and specific, while emotions that are ____ often widen someone's mindset
negative; positive
For ____ development, identify negative expectations and possible impediments; check to see if they're valid and check with others to challenge your assumptions
optimism
Those who are both realistic and flexible are _____
optimistic
The ____ effect is the attraction of all living systems toward positive energy and away from negative energy, or toward that which is life giving and away from that which is life depleting
positivity
The group of personal characteristics that allow personal survival when facing challenging obstacles is:
psychological capital
For ____ development, list your skills and talents and how they can be used to achieve your goal, identify obstacles and how to avoid them
resilience
Attentional hyperactivity is also called ____, which is the uncontrollable repetitive dwelling on causes, meanings, and implications of negative feelings or events in the past
rumination
Your confidence in your ability to achieve is represented by which of the following? A. self support B. self consciousness C. self-efficacy D. self sufficiency
self-efficacy
The amplifying effect is often conveyed via positive emotions and ____ capital (your relationships and network)
social
Positive emotions help you build resources in the form of: -____ relationships that are supportive, fulfilling, and lasting -____ well-being that leads to personal growth, meaningful goals and self-acceptance -____ well-being in the form of lower stress and a healthy heart
social; psychological; physical
Optimists often attribute ____ to personal, permanent, and pervasive causes, and negative events to external, temporary, and situation-specific ones
successes
Employees have greater commitment, performance, satisfaction, and are retained more often when they believe organizational practices ____ them
support
An organization that values vitality, appreciation, collaboration, and meaningfulness is one that develops ____ people and ____ energy
thriving; positive
Virtuous leaders tend to promote ____ by making sure their words match their actions, and by treating people with respect and dignity
trust
In ____ meditation, sending a signal to the mind to guide its attentiveness and awareness is forming an *intention*
walking
_____ is the awareness that emerges through paying attention on purpose, in the present moment, and non-judgmentally to the unfolding of experience moment by moment
Mindfulness
____ behaviors are positive acts performed without the expectation of anything in return
Prosocial
Resilience helps you when things go your way and when they don't--it is your built-in shield and ____ characteristic
recovery
Positive ____ are a strong contributor to our well-being that buffer us from stressors and enable us to get things done; they also fuel the giving and receiving of social support
relationships
Fred Luthans, the father of psychological capital stated that ____ is arguably the most important positive resource to navigating a turbulent and stressful workplace
resilience
To make interactions into positive, worthwhile connections, you can: -____ others to meet your expectations and let it show -engage the other person by being _____ and attentive -support others to achieve a _____
trust; present; goal
The continual, reinforcing process where your positive behaviors, feelings, and attitudes feed your own and those of others is known as the ____ spiral of positivity
upward
_____ is the sense of belonging to and serving something that you believe is bigger than the self
Meaningfulness
Decision-making ____ gives employees a sense of control and more chances to learn
discretion
To minimize ____, hire employees who treat others well and with respect
incivility
Sharing ____ helps employees understand the larger picture of how their work fits in the goals of the company
information
*HERO*: Persevering toward goals, and when necessary, redirecting paths in order to succeed
Hope
Strategies to increase your positivity include: -creating high-quality ____ -cultivate ____ - develop ____ from negativity -dispute ____ self-talk and thoughts
connections; kindness; distractions; negative
The view of organizations as typified by a single-minded focus on winning share which characteristics?
distrust, conflict, burnout
_____ is a shared value that drives people to help others who are suffering; it is associated with behaviors related to sympathy, kindness, tenderness, warmth, and love
Compassion
*HERO*: Having the confidence to take on challenging tests and put in the effort necessary to succeed
Efficacy
____ support is reassurance that a person is accepted and respected despite any problems or inadequacies
Esteem
____ represents the extent to which our lives result in goodness, growth, resilience and the extent to which our lives contain PERMA, which is the most important outcome from the process of positivity
Flourishing
____ is the state of being completely involved in an activity for its own sake
Flow
*HERO*: You have the capacity to consistently bounce back from adversity and to sustain yourself when confronted with challenges
Resilience
____ justice reflects a shared belief in the importance of resolving conflict multilaterally through the inclusion of victims, offenders, and all other stakeholders; organizations that use this tend to resolve conflict by giving all parties a chance to express their thoughts and feelings
Restorative
____ support is the amount of perceived helpfulness we derive from social relationships; the four types are esteem support, informational support, social companionship, and instrumental support
Social
____ is a shared belief in showing restraint and control when faced with temptation and provocation; it promotes self-control, humility, and prudence
Temperance
A behavior such as complimenting a co-worker on a recent report is: A. a prosocial behavior B. seldom appreciated C. a transactional behavior D. an anti-social behavior
a prosocial behavior
To have *hope*, you need _____ which means to have a goal and the determination to achieve it; and you also need _____ to see one or more paths to achieve your goal, even when faced with adversity
willpower; waypower