MGT 341-Ch.7

____ support helps by defining, understanding, and coping with problems

Informational

_____ attempts at positivity may even do harm, because your lack of authenticity can cause others to lose trust in you and reduce your influence and credibility with them

Insincere

____ support includes financial aid, material resources, or needed services

Instrumental

The concept that positive practices escalate positive outcomes because of their association with positive emotions and social capital is known as the: A. psychological effect B. buffering effect C. positive effect D. amplifying effect

amplifying effect

The two key inhibitors of *mindfulness* are:

attentional deficit and attentional hyperactivity

What term is also used to describe engagement? A. being "in the zone" B. being "in the know" C. "living in the moment" D. "being present"

being "in the zone"

Research about positive and negative experiences agrees that they are NOT ____

equals

Virtuous leaders are more focused on the greater ____ than on self-interest

good

Organizational ____ are the procedures, policies, practices, routines, and rules that organizations use to get things done

practices

Positive emotions ____ your perspective about how to overcome challenges in your life; they also ____ on themselves, resulting in a spreading of positive emotions within yourself and those around you

broaden; build

In the _____ effect, positive practices and resources reduce the impact of negative events and stressors

buffering

We flourish when we pursue ____ for its own sake because it builds self-efficacy and feelings of mastery

achievement

The four traits of virtuous leaders are:

greater good, trust, integrity, forgiveness

Positive business do well and do good because they are profitable and they make the ____ of their stakeholders important and believe supporting and developing ____ is valuable in itself

well-being; employees

_____ emotions can motivate you to try harder and improve, and they can also protect you against harmful situations and communicate to others your need for help or support

Negative

*HERO*: Making positive attribution about succeeding now and in the future

Optimism

____ programs, ____ programs, and human resource practices and policies represent three key sets of practices that shape organizational climate

Training; support

____ represents what individuals and organizations aspire to be when they are at their very best

Virtuousness

_____ was the combined impact of five elements--positive emotions, engagement, relationships, meaning, and achievement (PERMA)

Well-being

In the ____ effect, positive practices from one individual result in additional positive practices by others, which spur positivity in others, which generate other positive outcomes

amplifying

Mindfulness requires attentional ____, or the ability to maintain sustained, nonemotional attention in a specific situation

balance

According to the definition of positive OB, what is its desired end result? A. better performance B. subduing uncertainty C. self-absorption D. focus on winning

better performance

A study in the Harvard Business Review reported that flourishing employees exhibited: -decreases in ____ -better overall ____ -greater ____ to their employers

burnout; performance; commitment

Employees' *perceptions* of formal and informal policies, practices, procedures, and routines at work is called the organizational ____

climate

The field of OB has started focusing on mindfulness because it can improve managerial skills linked to performance management such as ____, giving ____, and recognizing others

coaching; feedback

Social ____ is time spent with others in leisure and recreational activities

companionship

Efficacy represents your ____ in your ability to achieve, so it influences the way you ____ the world around you and your ability to deal with challenges and opportunities

confidence; perceive

Recent research done at the organizational level show that virtuous leadership has a positive effect over time on ____ satisfaction, ____ performance, and the organizational climate

customer; financial

Attentional ____ is the inability to focus vividly on an object or on what is happening right now; this can easily occur in a classroom when students feel bored, listless, or uninterested

deficit

To have hope you need to have a goal and a path and the ___ to achieve the goal

determination

Positive ____ is the successful performance that dramatically exceeds the norm in a positive direction

deviance

For ____ development, break larger goals into smaller subgoals, create plans, and seek feedback

efficacy

Temperance helps people avoid ____ and heated emotional responses and practice patience and restraint

egocentric

The focus of virtuous leaderships is to help individuals, groups, and organizations to ____, enrich, and flourish

elevate

Positive emotions have benefits that include: -combating negative ____ -bettering ____ performance -building ____ relationships

emotions; work; social

Employee ____ reflects the extent to which you are physically, cognitively, and emotionally engaged in an activity, task or project

engagement

Positive OB focuses on creating ____ positive inputs, processes, and outcomes at all levels in the Organizing Framework

exceptionally

Providing ____ offers assessments that are both motivational and instructional

feedback

Our lives result in goodness, growth, resilience when we: A. turnover B. flourish C. win D. compete

flourish

The final component of virtuous leadership is _____, the capacity to foster collective abandonment of justified resentment, bitterness, and blame, and instead, it is the adoption of positive, forward-looking approaches in response to harm or damage

forgiveness

If your positivity is not heartfelt and ____, you will not reap any of the benefits of imported performance, relationships, and health

genuine

For ____ development, generate a work-related goal, develop multiple plans for achieving it, and ask for feedback from others

hope

Individuals with high levels of *positive social capital (PsyCap)* possess considerable HERO which stands for:

hope, efficacy, resilience, optimism

Attentional ____ happens when our minds are racing or wandering, resulting in compulsive daydreaming or fantasizing

hyperactivity

An _____ is an end point or desired goal you want to achieve; it sends a signal to the mind that guides its attentiveness and awareness during the meditative practice

intention

Mindfulness improves our _____ communications because it keeps us focused on others and what they are saying

interpersonal

How does mindfulness improve your interactions with other people? A. it increases your agreement with people B. it increases your disagreement with people C. it increases your ability to focus on people D. it helps you to filter out other people

it increases your ability to focus on people

Three suggestions for building meaning into your life: -Identify activities you ____ doing -Find a way to build your natural ____ into your personal and work life -Go out and ___ someone

love; strengths; help

The framework of positive OB is driven by positive emotions, _____, and psychological ____

mindfulness; capital

A state of mind that requires minimal information processing and is similar to being on "automatic pilot" is ____

mindlessness

Emotions that are ____ result in actions that are narrow and specific, while emotions that are ____ often widen someone's mindset

negative; positive

For ____ development, identify negative expectations and possible impediments; check to see if they're valid and check with others to challenge your assumptions

optimism

Those who are both realistic and flexible are _____

optimistic

The ____ effect is the attraction of all living systems toward positive energy and away from negative energy, or toward that which is life giving and away from that which is life depleting

positivity

The group of personal characteristics that allow personal survival when facing challenging obstacles is:

psychological capital

For ____ development, list your skills and talents and how they can be used to achieve your goal, identify obstacles and how to avoid them

resilience

Attentional hyperactivity is also called ____, which is the uncontrollable repetitive dwelling on causes, meanings, and implications of negative feelings or events in the past

rumination

Your confidence in your ability to achieve is represented by which of the following? A. self support B. self consciousness C. self-efficacy D. self sufficiency

self-efficacy

The amplifying effect is often conveyed via positive emotions and ____ capital (your relationships and network)

social

Positive emotions help you build resources in the form of: -____ relationships that are supportive, fulfilling, and lasting -____ well-being that leads to personal growth, meaningful goals and self-acceptance -____ well-being in the form of lower stress and a healthy heart

social; psychological; physical

Optimists often attribute ____ to personal, permanent, and pervasive causes, and negative events to external, temporary, and situation-specific ones

successes

Employees have greater commitment, performance, satisfaction, and are retained more often when they believe organizational practices ____ them

support

An organization that values vitality, appreciation, collaboration, and meaningfulness is one that develops ____ people and ____ energy

thriving; positive

Virtuous leaders tend to promote ____ by making sure their words match their actions, and by treating people with respect and dignity

trust

In ____ meditation, sending a signal to the mind to guide its attentiveness and awareness is forming an *intention*

walking

_____ is the awareness that emerges through paying attention on purpose, in the present moment, and non-judgmentally to the unfolding of experience moment by moment

Mindfulness

____ behaviors are positive acts performed without the expectation of anything in return

Prosocial

Resilience helps you when things go your way and when they don't--it is your built-in shield and ____ characteristic

recovery

Positive ____ are a strong contributor to our well-being that buffer us from stressors and enable us to get things done; they also fuel the giving and receiving of social support

relationships

Fred Luthans, the father of psychological capital stated that ____ is arguably the most important positive resource to navigating a turbulent and stressful workplace

resilience

To make interactions into positive, worthwhile connections, you can: -____ others to meet your expectations and let it show -engage the other person by being _____ and attentive -support others to achieve a _____

trust; present; goal

The continual, reinforcing process where your positive behaviors, feelings, and attitudes feed your own and those of others is known as the ____ spiral of positivity

upward

_____ is the sense of belonging to and serving something that you believe is bigger than the self

Meaningfulness

Decision-making ____ gives employees a sense of control and more chances to learn

discretion

To minimize ____, hire employees who treat others well and with respect

incivility

Sharing ____ helps employees understand the larger picture of how their work fits in the goals of the company

information

*HERO*: Persevering toward goals, and when necessary, redirecting paths in order to succeed

Hope

Strategies to increase your positivity include: -creating high-quality ____ -cultivate ____ - develop ____ from negativity -dispute ____ self-talk and thoughts

connections; kindness; distractions; negative

The view of organizations as typified by a single-minded focus on winning share which characteristics?

distrust, conflict, burnout

_____ is a shared value that drives people to help others who are suffering; it is associated with behaviors related to sympathy, kindness, tenderness, warmth, and love

Compassion

*HERO*: Having the confidence to take on challenging tests and put in the effort necessary to succeed

Efficacy

____ support is reassurance that a person is accepted and respected despite any problems or inadequacies

Esteem

____ represents the extent to which our lives result in goodness, growth, resilience and the extent to which our lives contain PERMA, which is the most important outcome from the process of positivity

Flourishing

____ is the state of being completely involved in an activity for its own sake

Flow

*HERO*: You have the capacity to consistently bounce back from adversity and to sustain yourself when confronted with challenges

Resilience

____ justice reflects a shared belief in the importance of resolving conflict multilaterally through the inclusion of victims, offenders, and all other stakeholders; organizations that use this tend to resolve conflict by giving all parties a chance to express their thoughts and feelings

Restorative

____ support is the amount of perceived helpfulness we derive from social relationships; the four types are esteem support, informational support, social companionship, and instrumental support

Social

____ is a shared belief in showing restraint and control when faced with temptation and provocation; it promotes self-control, humility, and prudence

Temperance

A behavior such as complimenting a co-worker on a recent report is: A. a prosocial behavior B. seldom appreciated C. a transactional behavior D. an anti-social behavior

a prosocial behavior

To have *hope*, you need _____ which means to have a goal and the determination to achieve it; and you also need _____ to see one or more paths to achieve your goal, even when faced with adversity

willpower; waypower