mgt final

As the term is used in​ business, which one of the following is an example of​ control? A. Brenda is reviewing sales data for the past year to spot trends. B. Debra is reviewing the turnover rate for one of her supervisors looking for any signs of illegal discrimination. C. Edith is comparing​ candidates' applications to the job description to see who meets the minimum qualifications. D. Carlene is comparing her​ company's financial statement to that of their closest competitor. E. Amanda is reviewing the overnight quality report to check for variation in the measurements from the machining department.

Amanda is reviewing the overnight quality report to check for variation in the measurements from the machining department.

Marcus is really concerned that his team is falling behind in reaching their goals. Often when he is participating in a​ manager's meeting, he will ask his counterparts how their teams are doing. This is one way that Marcus can do which of the​ following? A. Develop strategy B. Benchmarking C. Management by walking around D. Lead by example E. Control by listening

Benchmarking

In which one of the following situations is​ goal-setting theory likely to be most​ effective? A. ​Melinda's boss congratulated her on a job well done during the past year and encouraged her to keep up the good work. B. Marci​ hasn't heard a peep from her supervisor since she agreed on her goals for the​ year, despite submitting progress reports. C. When Bill and his boss set his goals for the coming​ year, Bill was elated that they were not going to be difficult to achieve. D. Boyd keeps track of his progress toward the goals he set with his manager. E. ​Margaret's supervisor told her what her goals would be for the coming year. Margaret believes the goals are a bit challenging.

Boyd keeps track of his progress toward the goals he set with his manager.

If Mark wanted to see if he is meeting his financial​ goals, he could easily compare his actual spending to which of the​ following? A. Percent of interest B. Budget C. Income earned D. Account balance E. Monthly bank statements

Budget

Jim is wondering whether his​ division's goals for the year are being accomplished. To determine to what degree goal completion is​ happening, Jim should use which of the following management​ functions? A. Control B. Planning C. Leading D. Strategy E. Organizing

Control

​"There is no reality beyond​ perception" claims the sage. Why is this statement important to​ managers? A. People are similar in their wants and needs. What works for one will work for all. B. Managers must define reality for their employees. C. Reality is​ objective; all observers will have the same perspective and reach identical conclusions. D. Employees will use this adage to justify their actions. E. Employees react to​ perceptions, not to reality.

Employees react to​ perceptions, not to reality.

Communication is a​ seven-step process. Which of the following is the first step a manager who wishes to communicate new ideas would​ do? A. Feedback B. Messaging C. Encoding D. Decoding E. Channeling

Encoding

Annie is working in an organization where her paycheck reflects how many hours she has worked with each paying client. For​ her, this seems very fair and motivating. This type of​ pay-for-performance plan is best associated with which of the following motivation​ theories? A. Operant conditioning B. Expectancy theory C. ​Goal-setting theory D. Theory X E. ​Maslow's hierarchy

Expectancy theory

In​ meetings, John has been known to raise his voice and use a tone that many on his team find offensive. In the​ past, this has gotten John attention and people stop to listen to his rant. Ross has now decided that this will not​ continue, and that the team will just ignore John when he speaks with such disrespect. This is an example of which of the​ following? A. Punishment B. Extinction C. Reinforcement D. Reproduction effectiveness E. Intermittent support

Extinction

Chris loves meeting people at work. Some say he has never met a stranger. This behavior has served him very well in his position as he has built a large network of support. This part of his personality may be best characterized by which of the​ following? A. Sensing B. Feeling C. Extraversion D. Emotional stability E. Conscientiousness

Extraversion

Wes just received the annual retirement report for his area. It looks like within a​ three-year period, Wes could lose three of his​ long-tenured directors. This has Wes very concerned about what to do. These three directors are responsible for some of the most successful client relationships. They know everything about the clients and seem to meet their every need before the client even speaks. Wes should be looking into which of the​ following? A. Client exchange B. Knowledge management C. Client communication D. Personal interaction E. ​Leader-participation

Knowledge management

​__________ is what leaders do. A. Control B. Plan C. Leadership D. Manage E. Organize

Leadership

Which of the following early theories of leadership defined leader behavior as concern for people and concern for​ production? The theorists went so far as to label one of their styles of​ leadership, "country​ club." A. ​Maslow's Hierarchy B. Managerial grid C. University of Iowa D. Ohio State E. University of Michigan

Managerial grid

Dillon is a company that is trying to grow from a culture focused on sales to a culture that is focused on customer relations. This represents which of the following OB focus​ areas? A. Organizational B. Group behaviors C. Culture strategy D. Leadership E. Individual behaviors

Organizational

Why should managers be concerned with employee​ motivation? A. Gen Y employees have no work ethic. B. Research indicates the majority of workers are disengaged from their work. C. The Theory X people were​ right: employees​ won't work unless they are​ micro-managed. D. The​ managers' bonuses depend on it. E. Research shows motivated managers are more popular than unmotivated ones.

Research indicates the majority of workers are disengaged from their work.

Which one of the following activities would be most difficult to quantify and​ measure? A. The effect of advising events on student enrollment at a university. B. The impact on profits of reducing overtime. C. The effect of the company summer picnic on employee morale. D. The cost of developing a new pharmaceutical product. E. The impact of the economy on sales.

The effect of the company summer picnic on employee morale.

​____________ is a strong motivator for contingent workers. A. Respect from permanent workers B. Greater interaction with permanent employees C. The prospect of permanent employment D. The opportunity to present at national conferences E. Increased decision making authority

The prospect of permanent employment

Roseanne is excellent at stimulating and inspiring her followers to achieve extraordinary outcomes by paying attention to their concerns and developmental​ needs, and helping them look at old problems in new ways. Which of the following would best describe​ Roseanne's leadership? A. Goal focused B. High LMX C. Transformational D. Follower readiness E. Transactional

Transformational

Roseanne is excellent at stimulating and inspiring her followers to achieve extraordinary outcomes by paying attention to their concerns and developmental​ needs, and helping them look at old problems in new ways. Which of the following would best describe​ Roseanne's leadership? A. Transactional B. High LMX C. Follower readiness D. Transformational E. Goal focused

Transformational

Organizations desire to limit absenteeism because​ _________________. A. of the additional paperwork generated by excessive absenteeism B. absenteeism is expensive in both dollar outlay and lost productivity C. it has a dampening effect on employee morale D. employees who are present will resent those who are absent E. team assignments cannot be completed when one member is absent

absenteeism is expensive in both dollar outlay and lost productivity

Individuals with a high need for​ ___________ tend to become the experts at their work. A. power B. control C. achievement D. equity E. affiliation

achievement

Betsy is a social butterfly at work. She frequently leaves her work station to visit friends in other areas. She has befriended most of her​ co-workers on social media and volunteers to help with every social event the company offers. According to​ McClelland, Betsy is high in the need for​ ____________. A. esteem B. affiliation C. recognition D. power E. achievement

affiliation

Videoconferencing saves money by​ _____________. A. avoiding the cost of establishing an intranet B. allowing conference attendees to work from their own​ desks, avoiding travel time and expense C. employing fax machines to transmit documents to participants D. eliminating the need to buy time on Skype or FaceTime E. reducing the number of meetings required for projects

allowing conference attendees to work from their own​ desks, avoiding travel time and expense

In addition to reading and writing​ skills, the success of understanding depends on the​ __________ of both the sender and the receiver. A. attitudes B. leadership skills C. feedback D. ​non-verbal signals E. position in the organization

attitudes

One important premise of​ Fiedler's contingency model is​ ____________. A. followers will naturally prefer leaders who are​ employee-oriented B. a​ person's leadership style does not change C. two contingency variables exist along with three leadership​ styles, resulting in six total combinations D. leaders are able to adjust their leadership style to fit the situation E. leaders who focus on production more than relationships need not worry about the situation factors

a​ person's leadership style does not change

People feel drawn to Collette as if by a magnet. She makes those around her feel indispensable to her​ "cause": a department that is the highest performing in the company. Her followers work hard to achieve their​ goals, knowing she will support them when they take calculated risks. Collette fits the description of​ a(n) _________ leader. A. directive B. supportive C. ​achievement-oriented D. transactional E. charismatic

charismatic

Rhonda feels strongly that employers should always pay what she considers a living​ wage, by which she means something far above the federal minimum wage. This situation represents the​ __________ component of attitude. A. sociological B. psychological C. affective D. cognitive E. behavioral

cognitive

Gen Yers prefer to​ _________ so they can​ __________. A. shop in person at a​ store; evaluate the product by handling it and reading the package B. research problems in​ libraries; gain a historical perspective of the problem C. work​ alone; listen to their iPhones D. communicate​ online; use time that might have been used for​ in-person communication elsewhere E. travel great distances to meet in​ person; experience new cultures

communicate​ online; use time that might have been used for​ in-person communication elsewhere

Every 15​ minutes, Bobbi​ Jo, a quality​ auditor, pulls a part from the bin of die castings and measures several important features on the part to verify that it meets the​ customer's specifications. This behavior is a type of​ ___________. A. feedforward control B. direct control C. concurrent control D. feedback E. indirect control

concurrent control

The one Big Five personality dimension most likely to predict success at work is​ __________. A. extraversion B. emotional stability C. agreeableness D. openness to experience E. conscientiousness

conscientiousness

The​ month-end figures are in. Although the production quantity met​ goals, the scrap rate was over budget. The managers reviewing these numbers are engaging in​ _____________. A. leading B. control C. organizing D. planning E. review

control

Penny seeks input from her subordinates and encourages them to express their opinions in situations that involve their work. Penny is​ a(n) _________ leader. A. ​employee-oriented B. democratic C. autocratic D. ​laissez-faire E. directive

democratic

Dealing appropriately with negative workplace behavior is important because​ __________. A. it is easier to deal with small problems than with larger ones B. managers will want to make an example of negative employees C. it​ won't go away on its own D. dissatisfied employees will find a way to​ respond, most likely in ways that are harmful to the organization E. dissatisfaction will lead to unionization

dissatisfied employees will find a way to​ respond, most likely in ways that are harmful to the organization

The common theme of the contingency theories is​ _________. A. they all assume that for a given​ situation, there is one best behavior the leader should display B. as long as the relationship with followers is​ positive, the situation is irrelevant C. each was trying to identify the best situation for a leader D. each seeks to define the best leadership style for different kinds of situations E. each looked at leadership from the perspective of the follower

each seeks to define the best leadership style for different kinds of situations

When Glenn delegated tasks to his​ subordinates, he explained the desired​ results, the reporting​ requirements, and any applicable guidelines. Glenn created​ a(n) ______________. A. detailed plan B. structured job C. need for achievement D. effective control system E. ​goal-setting objective

effective control system

​"Intelligence will get you into the game of leadership but you need​ ____________ to stay in the game and advance in the​ organization," according to some leadership experts. In​ fact, without​ it, promotions are decidedly less likely. A. charisma B. a​ strong, clear vision C. to be part of the​ in-group D. a mentor E. emotional intelligence

emotional intelligence

When employees are connected​ to, satisfied​ with, and enthusiastic about their​ jobs, they show a high level of​ __________. A. turnover B. cognitive dissonance C. job involvement D. employee engagement E. organizational commitment

employee engagement

Because of the technological advances in​ communication, _____________. A. managers have fewer direct responsibilities B. employees are reachable in more locations C. ​face-to-face interactions have become unnecessary D. new methods of communication cut legal responsibilities E. businesses no longer can filter data or messages

employees are reachable in more locations

The key elements of motivation are​ ________________. A. ​attitude, behavior, and direction B. ​energy, direction, and persistence C. ​cognition, learning, and persistence D. ​energy, attitude, and behavior E. ​sustainability, cooperation, and rewards

energy, direction, and persistence

For a​ manager, communication is important because​ __________. A. they must read reports from subordinates B. they are responsible for generating ideas for process improvements C. everything a manager does involves communication D. they must give orders to subordinates E. they have to write performance reviews

everything a manager does involves communication

Annual employee performance evaluations are a popular form of​ ______________. A. concurrent control B. feedforward control C. preventive control D. predictive control E. feedback control

feedback control

Kontek knew a drill bit could make approximately​ 100,000 holes within tolerance before the bit was so worn that the hole size was too small.​ So, it changed the bits after about​ 95,000 holes drilled. This is an example of​ _____________ control. A. facedown B. feedback C. concurrent D. preventive E. feedforward

feedforward

Leaving out an important detail about an incident is a form of​ _______________. A. noise B. filtering C. ​non-verbal communication D. information overload E. selective perception

filtering

In the absence of​ on-site management in a global​ organization, managers must often rely on​ _________ and technology to control its operations. A. concurrent feedback B. formal reports C. video surveillance D. physical trips to the​ far-flung sites E. financial ratios

formal reports

A leader is someone who​ ___________. A. must use threats to get action from others B. gives orders to​ subordinates, expecting compliance without question C. focuses on the​ short-term D. has at least two people who report to​ him/her E. has managerial authority and exercises influence over others

has managerial authority and exercises influence over others

Rose knows the names of her​ employees' significant others and children and often asks about them. She makes sure all her employees have what they need to work safely and solicits their ideas about process improvements. According to the Ohio State​ study, we could say Rose is​ _________________. A. low in consideration B. low in concern for production C. high in consideration D. high in initiating structure E. low in initiating structure

high in consideration

The definition of a leader is someone who can​ __________ others and who has authority. A. guide B. relate to C. influence D. inspire E. manage

influence

One of the ultimate goals of organizational behavior is to​ _______________. A. make better use of teams B. justify training programs C. determine reward systems D. influence how employees behave E. improve interpersonal relations in the workplace

influence how employees behave

In determining whether to accept a special​ project, Oxana considered whether successful completion of the project would result in a reward. Oxana was considering the​ _________ of expectancy theory. A. instrumentality B. distributive justice C. valence D. expectancy E. equity

instrumentality

The most critical element of trust is​ _____________________. A. communication B. charisma C. dependability D. ability to keep confidences E. integrity

integrity

Feedback is an important part of the communication process because​ __________. A. the receiver needs a chance to speak​ his/her opinion B. it eliminates bias in the communication C. it is the mechanism to check for understanding D. without it communication is only​ one-way E. it offers the sender the opportunity to ask questions

it is the mechanism to check for understanding

An important advantage of written communication is​ ___________. A. it leaves a more permanent record B. it takes time to create C. it takes less effort D. feedback is not necessary E. it is guaranteed to be received

it leaves a more permanent record

In the job characteristics​ model, task significance is the degree to which the​ ___________. A. job affects the lives or work of other people B. employee participated in determining the tasks C. job requires a variety of activities D. employee is committed to the job E. execution of the tasks is effective

job affects the lives or work of other people

The way work tasks are combined into jobs is known as​ __________. A. job enlargement B. job specification C. job design D. job analysis E. job enrichment

job design

An effective control system will​ ____________. A. become a competitive advantage B. eliminate poor performers from the organization C. reduce waste and inefficiency D. make the organization an employer of choice E. lead to the achievement of organizational goals

lead to the achievement of organizational goals

Technology​ challenges, such as​ spam, hackers, and blogging about​ work, represent a special communication concern categorized as​ ____________. A. legal and security issues B. benefits and compensation C. succession planning D. global communication issues E. employee retention

legal and security issues

In the balanced scorecard​ approach, ________________. A. the organization is considered successful if any one of the goals is reached B. achievement of one goal cannot precede achievement of other goals C. managers set goals and measure performance in multiple areas important to organizational success D. employees keep and report their own​ scores, balancing time spent in various activities E. human resources keeps track of employee​ satisfaction, employee​ performance, and costs related to retention and employee turnover

managers set goals and measure performance in multiple areas important to organizational success

Using active listening techniques helps the receiver of a message to​ _______________. A. eliminate emotion B. avoid filtering C. reduce information overload D. decide how​ she/he will respond when the speaker finally stops talking E. pay attention to the full meaning of the message

pay attention to the full meaning of the message

Delta described her​ co-worker as​ friendly, open, and​ gregarious, but subject to mood swings. Delta was talking about her​ co-worker's ___________. A. motivation B. work ethic C. personality D. value system E. character

personality

In much the same way we can train dogs and children with treats for good​ behavior, managers can use​ __________ to help shape the behavior of employees. A. extinction B. positive reinforcement C. punishment D. social learning theory E. MBTI

positive reinforcement

Motivation is​ a(n) ____________. A. paradigm B. attitude C. process D. model E. theory

process

In the Michigan​ studies, the behaviors of interest were​ __________ and​ __________. A. task​ completion; employee development B. ​nurturing; commanding C. production​ oriented; employee oriented D. ​quality-centered; quantity centered E. ​structure; consideration

production​ oriented; employee oriented

The major contribution of​ Herzberg's motivation-hygiene theory is​ ___________. A. satisfaction and dissatisfaction are two different scales B. the notion that dissatisfaction is the opposite of satisfaction was proven empirically C. motivation is the opposite of hygiene D. personal hygiene is more important to managers than to employees E. job context leads to greater satisfaction than job content

satisfaction and dissatisfaction are two different scales

Employee job satisfaction is important to managers because​ _____________. A. satisfied employees volunteer for overtime more often than dissatisfied employees B. satisfied employees are more productive C. satisfied employees are more likely to promote the​ company's products D. satisfied employees are more likely to deny they are suffering from stress or burnout E. it affects a​ firm's credit rating

satisfied employees are more productive

Several people saw a​ hit-and-run accident. When police questioned the​ witnesses, they heard different descriptions of the vehicle that left the scene. These differences can be caused by​ __________. A. assumed similarity B. selective perception C. stereotyping D. ​self-serving bias E. the halo effect

selective perception

Mark assumes that all Gen Y workers are lazy and less loyal than older workers. This is a good example of​ _______________. A. attribution error B. selective perception C. stereotyping D. classical conditioning E. operant conditioning

stereotyping

Emotional intelligence is​ ____________. A. rarely found in the lower ranks of an organization B. acquired through​ on-the-job training C. no more important than any of the other personality dimensions D. the ability to understand​ one's own emotions and to read​ others' emotions, and to adjust​ one's actions accordingly E. gained by years of study at a university

the ability to understand​ one's own emotions and to read​ others' emotions, and to adjust​ one's actions accordingly

Many tangible​ items, such as the parts in an​ automobile, are designed with measurement​ tolerances, expressed as .025​ ± .003, for example. These tolerances set the limits of​ _____________. A. what managers measure B. the acceptable range of variation C. corrective action D. employee incentives E. benchmarking

the acceptable range of variation

One advantage of personal observation is​ _____________. A. observers can see the obstacles to performance B. the observer gains​ firsthand, unbiased information C. the observations are objective and complete D. the observer has the chance to develop a relationship with the worker E. workers pay closer attention to their work when the boss is watching

the observer gains​ firsthand, unbiased information

When the verbal message and the body language are in conflict with each​ other, ____________. A. the receiver of the message will rely more on the body language than on the words B. the words are more important than the body language C. the words carry the​ message; the body language is noise D. the listener should request the message be put in writing E. the listener will tend to ignore the verbal intonation of the message

the receiver of the message will rely more on the body language than on the words

To be useful for​ control, information must be​ ______________. A. in written form B. statistical and objective C. the right​ type, at the right​ time, and in the right amount D. computer generated and available electronically E. ​firsthand, oral reports

the right​ type, at the right​ time, and in the right amount

Americans expect that their pay and other rewards should reflect their efforts and performance. Employees in socialist countries believe their pay and rewards should also consider​ ___________. A. their individual needs B. their need for power C. task significance D. procedural justice E. esteem needs

their individual needs

Larry thanks his subordinates every day for coming to work and giving their best. He makes sure they have the tools and materials they​ need, when they need them. He offers words of encouragement and takes an interest in each worker personally as well as professionally. He does what he can to make the work interesting and challenging. Larry knows that​ _____________. A. these actions contribute to job satisfaction and satisfied workers are more productive B. he will score higher on his own performance evaluation if he treats his people well C. workers need a sense of accomplishment D. high pay leads to job satisfaction E. cognitive dissonance cannot exist in a pleasant environment

these actions contribute to job satisfaction and satisfied workers are more productive

Employees are more likely to be engaged with their work when​ _________________. A. job satisfaction is moderate B. their cognitive component is strongly positive C. cognitive dissonance is low D. their total compensation is higher than what the competition pays E. they are shown respect and have balance between work and life obligations

they are shown respect and have balance between work and life obligations

The​ self-efficacy of the​ goal-setting theory relates most closely to​ ___________ A. a high need for affiliation B. ​self-actualization of the hierarchy of needs C. the​ effort-performance linkage of the expectancy theory D. distributive justice of the equity theory E. persistence of motivation

the​ effort-performance linkage of the expectancy theory

One of the wisest things a manager can do about the grapevine is​ ____________. A. conceal it from upper management B. to get on it to make sure the manager stays in the information loop C. appoint subordinates to serve on it D. shut it down because most of the information it transmits is untrue E. understand the social and communication networks the employees use as they do their work

understand the social and communication networks the employees use as they do their work

Caron turned down the extra project her boss offered because the pay for completing it was ten lottery tickets. Caron expected all the lottery tickets would be losers and she would have done the additional work for nothing. For​ Caron, the lottery tickets lacked​ ______________. A. instrumentality B. valence C. distributive justice D. equity E. expectancy

valence

​"Come with me on a journey into the future. We will change the way people interact with each other and with their environment. The world will be a better place because of the products we will​ produce." These are statements likely made by​ a(n) _______________ leader. A. transformational B. visionary C. charismatic D. transactional E. situational

visionary

It is important to carefully select what activities will be measured because​ ___________. A. of the Peter Principle B. of the Pareto Principle C. measuring is time consuming and time is limited D. what gets measured gets monitored E. some necessary activities detract from accomplishment of organizational goals

what gets measured gets monitored

Managers are well advised to think carefully about the behaviors they reward because​ __________________. A. different rules apply to different classes of employees B. learning only happens by​ plan, not by accident C. employees will do what they see managers do D. what gets rewarded gets repeated E. some employees may see the reward as a punishment

what gets rewarded gets repeated

Statistical reports can tell managers what happened but may not address​ _____________. A. where it happened B. details C. why it happened D. who was responsible E. when it happened

why it happened

Dr. Weiss is a research scientist with a major pharmaceutical company. In his​ position, he has great flexibility in determining his research​ projects, but he is expected to work toward certain organizational goals. He has presented five technical papers to his national professional group and received high praise for his work. According to the​ path-goal theory, Dr. Weiss would respond best to​ a(n) ________ leadership style. A. ​achievement-oriented B. directive C. ​laissez-faire D. participative E. supportive

​achievement-oriented

Situational leadership theory focuses on the​ ___________ because​ ___________. A. ​situation; that is what determines the effectiveness of the leader B. ​leaders; they control the situation C. ​followers; they are the ones who accept or reject the leader D. ​position; acceptable behavior is defined by the level of the leader in the organization E. ​organization; the culture of the organization determines what is and is not acceptable behavior

​followers; they are the ones who accept or reject the leader

In his​ research, Fiedler used the​ ________________ questionnaire to determine an​ individual's basic leadership style. A. ​least-preferred co-worker B. ​Myers-Briggs C. career interest D. Big Five E. position analysis

​least-preferred co-worker

In most​ organizations, the financial budget serves as both a​ ________ tool and​ a(n) ________ tool. A. ​leading; controlling B. ​planning; evaluation C. ​structure; performance D. ​planning; controlling E. ​controlling; disciplinary

​planning; controlling

The​ Army's motto of​ "Be All That You Can​ Be" is an example of​ ___________. A. esteem B. safety C. social D. ​self-actualization E. physiological

​self-actualization