mgt final
As the term is used in business, which one of the following is an example of control? A. Brenda is reviewing sales data for the past year to spot trends. B. Debra is reviewing the turnover rate for one of her supervisors looking for any signs of illegal discrimination. C. Edith is comparing candidates' applications to the job description to see who meets the minimum qualifications. D. Carlene is comparing her company's financial statement to that of their closest competitor. E. Amanda is reviewing the overnight quality report to check for variation in the measurements from the machining department.
Amanda is reviewing the overnight quality report to check for variation in the measurements from the machining department.
Marcus is really concerned that his team is falling behind in reaching their goals. Often when he is participating in a manager's meeting, he will ask his counterparts how their teams are doing. This is one way that Marcus can do which of the following? A. Develop strategy B. Benchmarking C. Management by walking around D. Lead by example E. Control by listening
Benchmarking
In which one of the following situations is goal-setting theory likely to be most effective? A. Melinda's boss congratulated her on a job well done during the past year and encouraged her to keep up the good work. B. Marci hasn't heard a peep from her supervisor since she agreed on her goals for the year, despite submitting progress reports. C. When Bill and his boss set his goals for the coming year, Bill was elated that they were not going to be difficult to achieve. D. Boyd keeps track of his progress toward the goals he set with his manager. E. Margaret's supervisor told her what her goals would be for the coming year. Margaret believes the goals are a bit challenging.
Boyd keeps track of his progress toward the goals he set with his manager.
If Mark wanted to see if he is meeting his financial goals, he could easily compare his actual spending to which of the following? A. Percent of interest B. Budget C. Income earned D. Account balance E. Monthly bank statements
Budget
Jim is wondering whether his division's goals for the year are being accomplished. To determine to what degree goal completion is happening, Jim should use which of the following management functions? A. Control B. Planning C. Leading D. Strategy E. Organizing
Control
"There is no reality beyond perception" claims the sage. Why is this statement important to managers? A. People are similar in their wants and needs. What works for one will work for all. B. Managers must define reality for their employees. C. Reality is objective; all observers will have the same perspective and reach identical conclusions. D. Employees will use this adage to justify their actions. E. Employees react to perceptions, not to reality.
Employees react to perceptions, not to reality.
Communication is a seven-step process. Which of the following is the first step a manager who wishes to communicate new ideas would do? A. Feedback B. Messaging C. Encoding D. Decoding E. Channeling
Encoding
Annie is working in an organization where her paycheck reflects how many hours she has worked with each paying client. For her, this seems very fair and motivating. This type of pay-for-performance plan is best associated with which of the following motivation theories? A. Operant conditioning B. Expectancy theory C. Goal-setting theory D. Theory X E. Maslow's hierarchy
Expectancy theory
In meetings, John has been known to raise his voice and use a tone that many on his team find offensive. In the past, this has gotten John attention and people stop to listen to his rant. Ross has now decided that this will not continue, and that the team will just ignore John when he speaks with such disrespect. This is an example of which of the following? A. Punishment B. Extinction C. Reinforcement D. Reproduction effectiveness E. Intermittent support
Extinction
Chris loves meeting people at work. Some say he has never met a stranger. This behavior has served him very well in his position as he has built a large network of support. This part of his personality may be best characterized by which of the following? A. Sensing B. Feeling C. Extraversion D. Emotional stability E. Conscientiousness
Extraversion
Wes just received the annual retirement report for his area. It looks like within a three-year period, Wes could lose three of his long-tenured directors. This has Wes very concerned about what to do. These three directors are responsible for some of the most successful client relationships. They know everything about the clients and seem to meet their every need before the client even speaks. Wes should be looking into which of the following? A. Client exchange B. Knowledge management C. Client communication D. Personal interaction E. Leader-participation
Knowledge management
__________ is what leaders do. A. Control B. Plan C. Leadership D. Manage E. Organize
Leadership
Which of the following early theories of leadership defined leader behavior as concern for people and concern for production? The theorists went so far as to label one of their styles of leadership, "country club." A. Maslow's Hierarchy B. Managerial grid C. University of Iowa D. Ohio State E. University of Michigan
Managerial grid
Dillon is a company that is trying to grow from a culture focused on sales to a culture that is focused on customer relations. This represents which of the following OB focus areas? A. Organizational B. Group behaviors C. Culture strategy D. Leadership E. Individual behaviors
Organizational
Why should managers be concerned with employee motivation? A. Gen Y employees have no work ethic. B. Research indicates the majority of workers are disengaged from their work. C. The Theory X people were right: employees won't work unless they are micro-managed. D. The managers' bonuses depend on it. E. Research shows motivated managers are more popular than unmotivated ones.
Research indicates the majority of workers are disengaged from their work.
Which one of the following activities would be most difficult to quantify and measure? A. The effect of advising events on student enrollment at a university. B. The impact on profits of reducing overtime. C. The effect of the company summer picnic on employee morale. D. The cost of developing a new pharmaceutical product. E. The impact of the economy on sales.
The effect of the company summer picnic on employee morale.
____________ is a strong motivator for contingent workers. A. Respect from permanent workers B. Greater interaction with permanent employees C. The prospect of permanent employment D. The opportunity to present at national conferences E. Increased decision making authority
The prospect of permanent employment
Roseanne is excellent at stimulating and inspiring her followers to achieve extraordinary outcomes by paying attention to their concerns and developmental needs, and helping them look at old problems in new ways. Which of the following would best describe Roseanne's leadership? A. Goal focused B. High LMX C. Transformational D. Follower readiness E. Transactional
Transformational
Roseanne is excellent at stimulating and inspiring her followers to achieve extraordinary outcomes by paying attention to their concerns and developmental needs, and helping them look at old problems in new ways. Which of the following would best describe Roseanne's leadership? A. Transactional B. High LMX C. Follower readiness D. Transformational E. Goal focused
Transformational
Organizations desire to limit absenteeism because _________________. A. of the additional paperwork generated by excessive absenteeism B. absenteeism is expensive in both dollar outlay and lost productivity C. it has a dampening effect on employee morale D. employees who are present will resent those who are absent E. team assignments cannot be completed when one member is absent
absenteeism is expensive in both dollar outlay and lost productivity
Individuals with a high need for ___________ tend to become the experts at their work. A. power B. control C. achievement D. equity E. affiliation
achievement
Betsy is a social butterfly at work. She frequently leaves her work station to visit friends in other areas. She has befriended most of her co-workers on social media and volunteers to help with every social event the company offers. According to McClelland, Betsy is high in the need for ____________. A. esteem B. affiliation C. recognition D. power E. achievement
affiliation
Videoconferencing saves money by _____________. A. avoiding the cost of establishing an intranet B. allowing conference attendees to work from their own desks, avoiding travel time and expense C. employing fax machines to transmit documents to participants D. eliminating the need to buy time on Skype or FaceTime E. reducing the number of meetings required for projects
allowing conference attendees to work from their own desks, avoiding travel time and expense
In addition to reading and writing skills, the success of understanding depends on the __________ of both the sender and the receiver. A. attitudes B. leadership skills C. feedback D. non-verbal signals E. position in the organization
attitudes
One important premise of Fiedler's contingency model is ____________. A. followers will naturally prefer leaders who are employee-oriented B. a person's leadership style does not change C. two contingency variables exist along with three leadership styles, resulting in six total combinations D. leaders are able to adjust their leadership style to fit the situation E. leaders who focus on production more than relationships need not worry about the situation factors
a person's leadership style does not change
People feel drawn to Collette as if by a magnet. She makes those around her feel indispensable to her "cause": a department that is the highest performing in the company. Her followers work hard to achieve their goals, knowing she will support them when they take calculated risks. Collette fits the description of a(n) _________ leader. A. directive B. supportive C. achievement-oriented D. transactional E. charismatic
charismatic
Rhonda feels strongly that employers should always pay what she considers a living wage, by which she means something far above the federal minimum wage. This situation represents the __________ component of attitude. A. sociological B. psychological C. affective D. cognitive E. behavioral
cognitive
Gen Yers prefer to _________ so they can __________. A. shop in person at a store; evaluate the product by handling it and reading the package B. research problems in libraries; gain a historical perspective of the problem C. work alone; listen to their iPhones D. communicate online; use time that might have been used for in-person communication elsewhere E. travel great distances to meet in person; experience new cultures
communicate online; use time that might have been used for in-person communication elsewhere
Every 15 minutes, Bobbi Jo, a quality auditor, pulls a part from the bin of die castings and measures several important features on the part to verify that it meets the customer's specifications. This behavior is a type of ___________. A. feedforward control B. direct control C. concurrent control D. feedback E. indirect control
concurrent control
The one Big Five personality dimension most likely to predict success at work is __________. A. extraversion B. emotional stability C. agreeableness D. openness to experience E. conscientiousness
conscientiousness
The month-end figures are in. Although the production quantity met goals, the scrap rate was over budget. The managers reviewing these numbers are engaging in _____________. A. leading B. control C. organizing D. planning E. review
control
Penny seeks input from her subordinates and encourages them to express their opinions in situations that involve their work. Penny is a(n) _________ leader. A. employee-oriented B. democratic C. autocratic D. laissez-faire E. directive
democratic
Dealing appropriately with negative workplace behavior is important because __________. A. it is easier to deal with small problems than with larger ones B. managers will want to make an example of negative employees C. it won't go away on its own D. dissatisfied employees will find a way to respond, most likely in ways that are harmful to the organization E. dissatisfaction will lead to unionization
dissatisfied employees will find a way to respond, most likely in ways that are harmful to the organization
The common theme of the contingency theories is _________. A. they all assume that for a given situation, there is one best behavior the leader should display B. as long as the relationship with followers is positive, the situation is irrelevant C. each was trying to identify the best situation for a leader D. each seeks to define the best leadership style for different kinds of situations E. each looked at leadership from the perspective of the follower
each seeks to define the best leadership style for different kinds of situations
When Glenn delegated tasks to his subordinates, he explained the desired results, the reporting requirements, and any applicable guidelines. Glenn created a(n) ______________. A. detailed plan B. structured job C. need for achievement D. effective control system E. goal-setting objective
effective control system
"Intelligence will get you into the game of leadership but you need ____________ to stay in the game and advance in the organization," according to some leadership experts. In fact, without it, promotions are decidedly less likely. A. charisma B. a strong, clear vision C. to be part of the in-group D. a mentor E. emotional intelligence
emotional intelligence
When employees are connected to, satisfied with, and enthusiastic about their jobs, they show a high level of __________. A. turnover B. cognitive dissonance C. job involvement D. employee engagement E. organizational commitment
employee engagement
Because of the technological advances in communication, _____________. A. managers have fewer direct responsibilities B. employees are reachable in more locations C. face-to-face interactions have become unnecessary D. new methods of communication cut legal responsibilities E. businesses no longer can filter data or messages
employees are reachable in more locations
The key elements of motivation are ________________. A. attitude, behavior, and direction B. energy, direction, and persistence C. cognition, learning, and persistence D. energy, attitude, and behavior E. sustainability, cooperation, and rewards
energy, direction, and persistence
For a manager, communication is important because __________. A. they must read reports from subordinates B. they are responsible for generating ideas for process improvements C. everything a manager does involves communication D. they must give orders to subordinates E. they have to write performance reviews
everything a manager does involves communication
Annual employee performance evaluations are a popular form of ______________. A. concurrent control B. feedforward control C. preventive control D. predictive control E. feedback control
feedback control
Kontek knew a drill bit could make approximately 100,000 holes within tolerance before the bit was so worn that the hole size was too small. So, it changed the bits after about 95,000 holes drilled. This is an example of _____________ control. A. facedown B. feedback C. concurrent D. preventive E. feedforward
feedforward
Leaving out an important detail about an incident is a form of _______________. A. noise B. filtering C. non-verbal communication D. information overload E. selective perception
filtering
In the absence of on-site management in a global organization, managers must often rely on _________ and technology to control its operations. A. concurrent feedback B. formal reports C. video surveillance D. physical trips to the far-flung sites E. financial ratios
formal reports
A leader is someone who ___________. A. must use threats to get action from others B. gives orders to subordinates, expecting compliance without question C. focuses on the short-term D. has at least two people who report to him/her E. has managerial authority and exercises influence over others
has managerial authority and exercises influence over others
Rose knows the names of her employees' significant others and children and often asks about them. She makes sure all her employees have what they need to work safely and solicits their ideas about process improvements. According to the Ohio State study, we could say Rose is _________________. A. low in consideration B. low in concern for production C. high in consideration D. high in initiating structure E. low in initiating structure
high in consideration
The definition of a leader is someone who can __________ others and who has authority. A. guide B. relate to C. influence D. inspire E. manage
influence
One of the ultimate goals of organizational behavior is to _______________. A. make better use of teams B. justify training programs C. determine reward systems D. influence how employees behave E. improve interpersonal relations in the workplace
influence how employees behave
In determining whether to accept a special project, Oxana considered whether successful completion of the project would result in a reward. Oxana was considering the _________ of expectancy theory. A. instrumentality B. distributive justice C. valence D. expectancy E. equity
instrumentality
The most critical element of trust is _____________________. A. communication B. charisma C. dependability D. ability to keep confidences E. integrity
integrity
Feedback is an important part of the communication process because __________. A. the receiver needs a chance to speak his/her opinion B. it eliminates bias in the communication C. it is the mechanism to check for understanding D. without it communication is only one-way E. it offers the sender the opportunity to ask questions
it is the mechanism to check for understanding
An important advantage of written communication is ___________. A. it leaves a more permanent record B. it takes time to create C. it takes less effort D. feedback is not necessary E. it is guaranteed to be received
it leaves a more permanent record
In the job characteristics model, task significance is the degree to which the ___________. A. job affects the lives or work of other people B. employee participated in determining the tasks C. job requires a variety of activities D. employee is committed to the job E. execution of the tasks is effective
job affects the lives or work of other people
The way work tasks are combined into jobs is known as __________. A. job enlargement B. job specification C. job design D. job analysis E. job enrichment
job design
An effective control system will ____________. A. become a competitive advantage B. eliminate poor performers from the organization C. reduce waste and inefficiency D. make the organization an employer of choice E. lead to the achievement of organizational goals
lead to the achievement of organizational goals
Technology challenges, such as spam, hackers, and blogging about work, represent a special communication concern categorized as ____________. A. legal and security issues B. benefits and compensation C. succession planning D. global communication issues E. employee retention
legal and security issues
In the balanced scorecard approach, ________________. A. the organization is considered successful if any one of the goals is reached B. achievement of one goal cannot precede achievement of other goals C. managers set goals and measure performance in multiple areas important to organizational success D. employees keep and report their own scores, balancing time spent in various activities E. human resources keeps track of employee satisfaction, employee performance, and costs related to retention and employee turnover
managers set goals and measure performance in multiple areas important to organizational success
Using active listening techniques helps the receiver of a message to _______________. A. eliminate emotion B. avoid filtering C. reduce information overload D. decide how she/he will respond when the speaker finally stops talking E. pay attention to the full meaning of the message
pay attention to the full meaning of the message
Delta described her co-worker as friendly, open, and gregarious, but subject to mood swings. Delta was talking about her co-worker's ___________. A. motivation B. work ethic C. personality D. value system E. character
personality
In much the same way we can train dogs and children with treats for good behavior, managers can use __________ to help shape the behavior of employees. A. extinction B. positive reinforcement C. punishment D. social learning theory E. MBTI
positive reinforcement
Motivation is a(n) ____________. A. paradigm B. attitude C. process D. model E. theory
process
In the Michigan studies, the behaviors of interest were __________ and __________. A. task completion; employee development B. nurturing; commanding C. production oriented; employee oriented D. quality-centered; quantity centered E. structure; consideration
production oriented; employee oriented
The major contribution of Herzberg's motivation-hygiene theory is ___________. A. satisfaction and dissatisfaction are two different scales B. the notion that dissatisfaction is the opposite of satisfaction was proven empirically C. motivation is the opposite of hygiene D. personal hygiene is more important to managers than to employees E. job context leads to greater satisfaction than job content
satisfaction and dissatisfaction are two different scales
Employee job satisfaction is important to managers because _____________. A. satisfied employees volunteer for overtime more often than dissatisfied employees B. satisfied employees are more productive C. satisfied employees are more likely to promote the company's products D. satisfied employees are more likely to deny they are suffering from stress or burnout E. it affects a firm's credit rating
satisfied employees are more productive
Several people saw a hit-and-run accident. When police questioned the witnesses, they heard different descriptions of the vehicle that left the scene. These differences can be caused by __________. A. assumed similarity B. selective perception C. stereotyping D. self-serving bias E. the halo effect
selective perception
Mark assumes that all Gen Y workers are lazy and less loyal than older workers. This is a good example of _______________. A. attribution error B. selective perception C. stereotyping D. classical conditioning E. operant conditioning
stereotyping
Emotional intelligence is ____________. A. rarely found in the lower ranks of an organization B. acquired through on-the-job training C. no more important than any of the other personality dimensions D. the ability to understand one's own emotions and to read others' emotions, and to adjust one's actions accordingly E. gained by years of study at a university
the ability to understand one's own emotions and to read others' emotions, and to adjust one's actions accordingly
Many tangible items, such as the parts in an automobile, are designed with measurement tolerances, expressed as .025 ± .003, for example. These tolerances set the limits of _____________. A. what managers measure B. the acceptable range of variation C. corrective action D. employee incentives E. benchmarking
the acceptable range of variation
One advantage of personal observation is _____________. A. observers can see the obstacles to performance B. the observer gains firsthand, unbiased information C. the observations are objective and complete D. the observer has the chance to develop a relationship with the worker E. workers pay closer attention to their work when the boss is watching
the observer gains firsthand, unbiased information
When the verbal message and the body language are in conflict with each other, ____________. A. the receiver of the message will rely more on the body language than on the words B. the words are more important than the body language C. the words carry the message; the body language is noise D. the listener should request the message be put in writing E. the listener will tend to ignore the verbal intonation of the message
the receiver of the message will rely more on the body language than on the words
To be useful for control, information must be ______________. A. in written form B. statistical and objective C. the right type, at the right time, and in the right amount D. computer generated and available electronically E. firsthand, oral reports
the right type, at the right time, and in the right amount
Americans expect that their pay and other rewards should reflect their efforts and performance. Employees in socialist countries believe their pay and rewards should also consider ___________. A. their individual needs B. their need for power C. task significance D. procedural justice E. esteem needs
their individual needs
Larry thanks his subordinates every day for coming to work and giving their best. He makes sure they have the tools and materials they need, when they need them. He offers words of encouragement and takes an interest in each worker personally as well as professionally. He does what he can to make the work interesting and challenging. Larry knows that _____________. A. these actions contribute to job satisfaction and satisfied workers are more productive B. he will score higher on his own performance evaluation if he treats his people well C. workers need a sense of accomplishment D. high pay leads to job satisfaction E. cognitive dissonance cannot exist in a pleasant environment
these actions contribute to job satisfaction and satisfied workers are more productive
Employees are more likely to be engaged with their work when _________________. A. job satisfaction is moderate B. their cognitive component is strongly positive C. cognitive dissonance is low D. their total compensation is higher than what the competition pays E. they are shown respect and have balance between work and life obligations
they are shown respect and have balance between work and life obligations
The self-efficacy of the goal-setting theory relates most closely to ___________ A. a high need for affiliation B. self-actualization of the hierarchy of needs C. the effort-performance linkage of the expectancy theory D. distributive justice of the equity theory E. persistence of motivation
the effort-performance linkage of the expectancy theory
One of the wisest things a manager can do about the grapevine is ____________. A. conceal it from upper management B. to get on it to make sure the manager stays in the information loop C. appoint subordinates to serve on it D. shut it down because most of the information it transmits is untrue E. understand the social and communication networks the employees use as they do their work
understand the social and communication networks the employees use as they do their work
Caron turned down the extra project her boss offered because the pay for completing it was ten lottery tickets. Caron expected all the lottery tickets would be losers and she would have done the additional work for nothing. For Caron, the lottery tickets lacked ______________. A. instrumentality B. valence C. distributive justice D. equity E. expectancy
valence
"Come with me on a journey into the future. We will change the way people interact with each other and with their environment. The world will be a better place because of the products we will produce." These are statements likely made by a(n) _______________ leader. A. transformational B. visionary C. charismatic D. transactional E. situational
visionary
It is important to carefully select what activities will be measured because ___________. A. of the Peter Principle B. of the Pareto Principle C. measuring is time consuming and time is limited D. what gets measured gets monitored E. some necessary activities detract from accomplishment of organizational goals
what gets measured gets monitored
Managers are well advised to think carefully about the behaviors they reward because __________________. A. different rules apply to different classes of employees B. learning only happens by plan, not by accident C. employees will do what they see managers do D. what gets rewarded gets repeated E. some employees may see the reward as a punishment
what gets rewarded gets repeated
Statistical reports can tell managers what happened but may not address _____________. A. where it happened B. details C. why it happened D. who was responsible E. when it happened
why it happened
Dr. Weiss is a research scientist with a major pharmaceutical company. In his position, he has great flexibility in determining his research projects, but he is expected to work toward certain organizational goals. He has presented five technical papers to his national professional group and received high praise for his work. According to the path-goal theory, Dr. Weiss would respond best to a(n) ________ leadership style. A. achievement-oriented B. directive C. laissez-faire D. participative E. supportive
achievement-oriented
Situational leadership theory focuses on the ___________ because ___________. A. situation; that is what determines the effectiveness of the leader B. leaders; they control the situation C. followers; they are the ones who accept or reject the leader D. position; acceptable behavior is defined by the level of the leader in the organization E. organization; the culture of the organization determines what is and is not acceptable behavior
followers; they are the ones who accept or reject the leader
In his research, Fiedler used the ________________ questionnaire to determine an individual's basic leadership style. A. least-preferred co-worker B. Myers-Briggs C. career interest D. Big Five E. position analysis
least-preferred co-worker
In most organizations, the financial budget serves as both a ________ tool and a(n) ________ tool. A. leading; controlling B. planning; evaluation C. structure; performance D. planning; controlling E. controlling; disciplinary
planning; controlling
The Army's motto of "Be All That You Can Be" is an example of ___________. A. esteem B. safety C. social D. self-actualization E. physiological
self-actualization