Micro 130 Module 3

C. HYPHAE

Fungi are classified into 3 groups. Which of these is NOT a group that fungi are classified into? A. Molds B. Yeasts C. Hyphae D. Dimorphic fungi

B. resemble LONG RODS

HELICAL viruses _____. A. have many sides B. resemble long rods C. have many structures added to the capsid D. contain only DNA genomes E. contain only RNA genomes

D. **BUDDING

HERPESVIRUS-1 is an enveloped polyhedral virus that infects human nerve cells. It contains a single stranded DNA genome. What mechanism does herpesvirus-1 use to exit a cell **AFTER MATURATION A. Endocytosis B. Exocytosis C. Membrane fusion D. Budding E. Maturation

C. REVERSE transcriptase

HIV is a RETROVIRUS that carries an RNA genome. In order for HIV infection to occur, the RNA genome must be converted into a double stranded DNA molecule. What HIV encoded enzyme is required for this process? A. DNA polymerase B. RNA polymerase C. Reverse transcriptase D. RNA convertase E. RNA viralase

D. VIRUSES ARE NOT COMPOSED OF CELLS

HOW DO ALL VIRUSES differ from bacteria? A. Viruses are filterable. B. Viruses are obligate intracellular parasites. C. Viruses do not have any nucleic acid. D. Viruses are not composed of cells. E. Viruses do not reproduce.

C. They *REQUIRE A HOST in order to reproduce.

How are VIRUSES DIFFERENT from cells? A. They do not contain protein. B. They do not contain enzymes. C. They require a host in order to reproduce. D. They do not contain genetic material.

C. FUSION of membranes

How do ENVELOPED VIRUS ENTER a host cell? A. Pinocytosis B. Phagocytosis C. Fusion of membranes D. Rupturing membrane E. Budding

C. eating UNDERCOOKED PORK

Humans can get TRICHINOSIS by ______. A. eating undercooked snails B. drinking cow’s milk C. eating undercooked pork D. inhaling cysts from kitty litter E. getting bitten by a mosquito

C. INTERMEDIATE host

If ECHINOCOCCUS, a protozoa, reproduces asexually in humans, HUMANS ARE THE _____. A. definitive host B. infected host C. intermediate host D. reservoir

D. RELEASE

In ANIMAL viruses, an ENVELOPE is acquired during which of the following steps? A. Penetration B. Attachment C. Biosynthesis D. Release E. Maturation

B. PROTECTION

In a LICHEN, which of these is provided by the FUNGUS? A. Carbohydrates B. Protection C. Photosynthesis D. Motility

C. AERIAL hyphae

REPRODUCTIVE hyphae are also known as _____. A. sporulating hyphae B. budding hyphae C. aerial hyphae D. vegetative hyphae E. septate hyphae

C. a VIRAL FAMILY

RETROVIRIDAE refers to ____. A. a viral species B. a viral genus C. a viral family D. a non-pathogenic group of viruses E. old viruses

C. DERMATOMYCOSIS

Ringworm is a disease that affects the SKIN, hair, and nails. Despite the name, ringworm is a fungal mycosis, and doesn't involve a worm at all. How is ringworm classified? A. Sytemic mycosis B. Subcutaneous mycosis C. Dermatomycosis D. Superficial mycosis E. Opportunistic pathogen

B. SUBCUTANEOUS

SPOROTRICHOSIS is a fungal infection that occurs beneath the skin. This is an example of a ______ infection. A. systemic B. subcutaneous C. superficial D. opportunistic

C. the disease process OCCURS GRADUALLY over a long period

A PERSISTENT infection is one in which ______. A. the virus remains in equilibrium with the host without causing a disease B. viral replication is unusually slow C. the disease process occurs gradually over a long period D. host cells are gradually lysed E. host cells are transformed

B. NEMATODE

A ROUNDWORM is a _____. A. platyhelminth B. nematode

A. a COMPLETE, INFECTIOUS VIRUS particle

A VIRION is _____. A. a complete, infectious virus particle B. a naked, infectious piece of RNA C. a capsid without a nucleic acid D. a provirus

A. a complete, INFECTIOUS VIRAL PARTICLE

A VIRION is _____. A. a complete, infectious virus particle B. a naked, infectious piece of RNA C. a capsid without a nucleic acid D. a provirus

B. PROVIRUS

A ______ forms when the VIRAL GENOME INSERTS into the host cell's chromosome. A. lytic virus B. provirus C. DNA virus D. phage E. virion

B. BACTERIOPHAGE

A ______ is a VIRUS for BACTERIA A. bacterion B. bacteriophage C. bacteriovirus D. bacteriovore E. provirus

A. MONOECIOUS

A helminth that has BOTH male and female sexual organs is ____. A. monoecious B. dioecious

D. DNA *OR RNA

A viral genome MAY consist of ____. A. DNA only B. RNA only C. DNA and RNA D. DNA or RNA

B. FALSE

A viroid is a COMPLETELY developed infectious agent composed of nucleic acid and surrounded by a capsid. A. True B. False

B. *A SCOSPORE

A(n) _____ is a type of **SEXUAL spore that is enclosed in a sac. A. zygospore B. ascospore C. sporangiospore D. basidiospore E. conidiospore

C. ARTHROSPORE

A(n) ______ is characterized by a SINGLE, THICKENED SPORE A. conidiospore B. sporangiospore C. arthrospore

C. ARTHROSPORE

A(n) ______ is characterized by a SINGLE, THICKENED spore A. conidiospore B. sporangiospore C. arthrospore

A. a gene associated with the formation of CANCERS

An oncogene is _____. A. a gene associated with the formation of CANCERS B. a gene that protects the host against viruses C. a gene that turns cancers off D. found in viruses E. is found in bacteria

B. DIMORPHIC fungus

In mid-DECEMBER, a woman with insulin-dependent diabetes who had been on prednisone fell and received an abrasion on the dorsal side of her right hand. She was placed on penicillin. By the end of January, the ulcer had not healed, and she was referred to a plastic surgeon. On January 30, a swab of the wound was cultured at 35 C on blood agar. On the same day, a smear was made for Gram staining. The Gram stain showed large (10 um) cells. Brownish, waxy colonies grew on the blood agar. Slide cultures set up on February 1 and incubated at 25 C showed septate hyphae and single conidia. The most likely cause of the infection is a _____. A. gram-negative bacterium B. dimorphic fungus C. parasitic alga D. yeast E. protozoan

B. PERSISTENT infection

In which of these viral infections would you expect to see virions, EVEN IF SYMPTOMS ARE NOT SEVERE? A. Latent infection B. Persistent infection

D. PROvirus

Latent viral infections involve an INSERTION of viral DNA into the host chromosome. This viral DNA is referred to as a ____. A. capsid B. prophage C. viral chromosome D. provirus

C. TRANSFORMATION

Normal cells that become TUMOR cells undergo _______. A. cancerous conversion B. abnormality C. transformation D. viral conversion E. transduction

B. CAN TOLERATE *LOW MOISTURE CONDITIONS

Seventeen patients in ten hospitals had cutaneous infections caused by Rhizopus, a fungus. In all seventeen patients, Elastoplast bandages were placed over sterile gauze pads to cover wounds. Fourteen of the patients had surgical wounds, two had venous line insertion sites, and one had a bite wound. Lesions present when the bandages were removed ranged from vesiculopustular eruptions to ulcerations and skin necrosis requiring debridement. FUNGI ARE MORE LIKELY than bacteria to CONTAMINATE BANDAGES because they ______. A. are aerobic B. can tolerate low-moisture conditions C. prefer a neutral environment (pH 7) D. have a fermentative metabolism E. cannot tolerate high osmotic pressure

A. acute

Some viruses cause disease SHORTLY after infection. These are characteristic of a(n) ______ viral infection. A. acute B. latent C. persistent

A. the ABILITY of the virus to ATTACH

The ABILITY OF THE VIRUS to INFECT an organism is usually regulated by ______. A. the ability of the virus to attach B. the ability of the viral enzymes to damage the host cell membrane C. the nucleic acid of the virus D. the ability of the viral genome to insert into the host chromosome

B. FUNGUS

The ____ provides the HOLDFAST in a LICHEN. A. algae B. fungus C. bacteria D. plant

B. TROPHOZITE

The _____ is the FEEDING & GROWING stage of PROTOZOA A. sporozoite B. trophozoite C. merozoite D. oocyst

A. SEPTA

The cells within hyphae can be SEPARATED by ____. A. septa B. nuclei C. spores D. filaments

C. COOKING FISH BEFORE EATING

The life cycle of the fish tapeworm is similar to that of the beef tapeworm. Which of the following is the most effective preventive measure? A. Salting fish before eating B. Refrigerating stored fish C. Cooking fish before eating D. Wearing gloves while handling fish E. Not swimming in fish-infested waters

C. FECES

Transmission of HELMINTHIC DISEASES to humans is usually through ____. A. breathing B. urine C. feces D. vectors

-----c?

View the figure above. Which of these is a helical virus? A. a B. b C. c D. d

A. a

View the figure above. Which of these is a polyhedral virus? A. a B. b C. c D. d

A. CAPSID

Viruses have a PROTEIN COAT called a _____. A. capsid B. capsomere C. virion D. prion E. replicon

B. The HUMAN

What is the intermediate host for Plasmodium, the causative ORGANISM OF MALARIA? A. The mosquito B. The human C. The cat D. The cow

D. UNCOATING

When a virus enters a cell it must RELEASE ITS NUCLEIC ACID into the host cell. This is called ____. A. nucleic acid release B. maturation C. biosynthesis D. uncoating E. release

D. UNCOATING

When a virus enters a cell it must RELEASE NUCLEIC ACID into the host cell. This is called ____. A. nucleic acid release B. maturation C. biosynthesis D. uncoating E. release

D. NUCLEIC **ACIDS

Which of the following components is found in VIRUSES? A. cell wall B. nucleus C. ribosomes D. nucleic acids

B. They have a COMPLETE DIGESTIVE system. (they do not)

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of parasitic platyhelminths? A. They are hermaphroditic. B. They have a complete digestive system. C. They can be divided into flukes and tapeworms. D. They are multicellular.

A. They are used for PENETRATION

Which of the following is not true about spikes? A. They are used for penetration. B. They are used for attachment. C. They can be used to identify viruses. D. They are found only on enveloped viruses.

E. COENOCYTIC hyphae â€" hyphae with CROSS WALLS

Which of the following pairs is mismatched? A. teleomorph â€" produces both sexual and asexual spores B. dermatomycosis â€" fungal infection of the skin C. dimorphic fungus â€" grows as a yeast or a mold D. systemic mycosis â€" fungal infection of body organs E. coenocytic hyphae â€" hyphae with cross-walls

A. All fungi are unicellular. (FUNGI = ACELLULAR)

Which of the following statements about fungi are NOT TRUE? A. All fungi are unicellular. B. All fungi have eukaryotic cells. C. Fungi are chemoheterotrophic. D. Most fungi are aerobic.

D. VIRUSES ARE NOT COMPOSED OF CELLS

Which of the following statements about viruses are true? A. Viruses can be filtered. B. Viruses are both parasitic and free-living. C. Viruses don't have any nucleic acid. D. Viruses are not composed of cells.

B. Lichen ARE PARASITES (NOT parasites)

Which of the following statements is not true? A. A lichen doesn't exist if the fungal and algal partners are separated. B. Lichen are parasites. C. In a lichen, the alga produces carbohydrates. D. In a lichen, the fungus provides the holdfast.

B. They are filamentous. (**NOT filamentous)

Which of these is NOT a characteristic of YEASTS? A. They divide by budding. B. They are filamentous. C. They can form ethanol via fermentation. D. They are capable of facultative anaerobic growth.

D. ALL OF THE ABOVE

Which of these is a method of growing ANIMAL viruses in the laboratory? A. In live animals B. In embryonated eggs C. In cell culture D. All of the above

D. All of the above

Which of these is a method of growing animal viruses in the laboratory? A. In live animals B. In embryonated eggs C. In cell culture D. All of the above

D. Fungi are RESISTANT TO OSMOTIC PRESSURE.

Which of these nutritional characteristics allows fungi to grow in a cup of JELL-O? A. Fungi are aerobic. B. Fungi can grow in areas with low moisture. C. Fungi can degrade wood. D. Fungi are resistant to osmotic pressure.

B. Viruses are PROKARYOTIC (THEY ARE NOT; they're eukaryotic)

Which of these statements is NOT TRUE of viruses? A. Viruses are acellular. B. Viruses are prokaryotic. C. Viruses require host cells to replicate. D. Viruses have very few enzymes.

C. SPIKES

Which of these would an ENVELOPED VIRUS use for ATTACHMENT? A. Capsid B. Tail fibers C. Spikes D. Flagella

D. SPORANGIOSPORE

Which type of **ASEXUAL SPORE is enclosed in a sac? A. Septate B. Coenocytic C. Conidiospore D. Sporangiospore

D. MYCELIUM

_____ best describes a FILAMENTOUS *MASS of fungi. A. Hyphae B. Thallus C. Septum D. Mycelium E. Coenocytic

C. c

ew the attached graph to answer the following question. Assume a patient has influenza, an acute infection. During which time on the graph would the patient show the symptoms of the illness? A. a B. b C. c D. d E. e