Micro Ch. 5

21) Membrane delimited intracellular structures that perform specific functions in cells are called ________. A) organelles B) organs C) tissues D) systomis

A) organelles

50) Flimmer filaments ________. A) permit flagella to pull rather than push the cell B) function to move cells on solid surfaces C) are components of all eukaryotic flagella D) are found on whiplash flagella

A) permit flagella to pull rather than push the cell

76) Mitochondria differ from hydrogenosomes in that ________. A) pyruvate is catabolized as a continuation of the respiratory pathway in mitochondria, whereas in hydrogenosomes, fermentation takes place B) mitochondria have a double membrane system, whereas hydrogenosomes have only a single membrane C) mitochondria generate ATP, whereas hydrogenosomes generate NADH D) mitochondria are found in eukaryotic cells, whereas hydrogenosomes are found in bacteria and archaea

A) pyruvate is catabolized as a continuation of the respiratory pathway in mitochondria, whereas in hydrogenosomes, fermentation takes place

46) The formation of carbohydrate (CO2 fixation) in the dark reaction of photosynthesis, takes place in the ________. A) stroma B) cytoplasm C) thylakoid membrane D) nucleus

A) stroma

32) Which of the following organelles is involved in the modification, packaging, and secretion of materials? A) Lysosomes B) Golgi apparatus C) Mitochondria D) Centrioles

B) Golgi apparatus

66) A newly discovered microorganism has a circular chromosome that is complexed with histones, but not enclosed within a membrane. The plasma membrane lipids include glycerol dietethers and diglycerol tetraethers. There are no mitochondria or chloroplasts, but the cells do contain 70s ribosomes. This microbe most likely is ________. A) a bacterium B) an archaeon C) a protozoan D) a fungus

B) an archaeon

24) The liquid component of the cytoplasm is known as the ________. A) thylakoid B) cytosol C) cytoskeleton D) stroma

B) cytosol

6) Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) with many ribosomes attached is called ________ ER, whereas endoplasmic reticulum that is mostly devoid of ribosomes is called ________ ER.

rough, smooth

70) The region of the cell bounded by the plasma membrane is the ________.

cytoplasm

14) The inner membrane system of chloroplasts consists of flattened sacs called ________ that form stacks called ________.

thylakoids, grana

63) Which of the following is most likely synthesized on free ribosomes? A) Polypeptide chains that form enzymes that function in glycolysis B) Electron carriers of the electron transport chain C) Polypeptide chains that form immunoglobulin molecules D) Lysosomal enzymes

A) Polypeptide chains that form enzymes that function in glycolysis

33) Enzymes needed to hydrolyze all types of macromolecules are found in ________. A) lysosomes B) Golgi apparatus C) mitochondria D) centrioles

A) lysosomes

27) A filamentous organelle comprised of tubulins with a diameter of 25 nm is called ________. A) microtubule B) microfilament C) intermediate filament D) mycelia

A) microtubule

56) Which of the following eukaryotes typically have cell walls? (Check all that apply.) A) Algae B) Protozoa C) Fungi D) Animals E) Plants

A, C, E

49) An arrangement of microtubules located in the matrix of cilia and flagella is called the ________. A) axial bundle B) axial filament C) axoneme D) axillary tubule

C) axoneme

44) The organelle responsible for harvesting light as an energy source for photosynthesis is the ________. A) kinetoplast B) centriole C) chloroplast D) mitochondrion

C) chloroplast

28) The endoplasmic reticulum is composed of flattened sacs called ________. A) thylakoids B) cristae C) cisternae D) vacuomes

C) cisternae

38) The Golgi apparatus is comprised of flattened, saclike structures called ________, which may be clustered in one region or scattered throughout the cell. A) cristae B) thylakoids C) cisternae D) vesiculae

C) cisternae

39) Stacks of cisternae in the Golgi apparatus are referred to as ________. A) stigmata B) golgisomes C) dictyosomes D) Lamellisomes

C) dictyosomes

26) Protein filaments with a diameter of about 10 nm that are major components of the cytoskeleton are called ________. A) microtubules B) microfilaments C) intermediate filaments D) mycelia

C) intermediate filaments

59) Food vacuoles and phagocytic vacuoles are most similar to ________. A) mitochondria B) chloroplasts C) lysosomes D) Golgi apparatus

C) lysosomes

67) A newly discovered unicellular microbe has a nucleus containing linear chromosomes and surrounded by a membrane. It has mitochondria, 80s ribosomes, and is covered by cilia. There is no cell wall external to the plasma membrane. This organism most likely would be a/an ________. A) bacterium B) archaeon C) protozoan D) fungus E) algae

C) protozoan

42) The nucleolus plays a major role in synthesis of ________. A) mRNA B) tRNA C) rRNA D) transcription activation proteins

C) rRNA

34) Proteins are synthesized on structures called ________. A) mesosomes B) lysosomes C) ribosomes D) chromosomes

C) ribosomes

47) The light reactions of photosynthesis, which form ATP and NADPH, take place in the ________. A) stroma B) cytoplasm C) thylakoid membrane D) nucleus

C) thylakoid membrane

43) Which of the following is a function of the mitochondrion? A) Tricarboxylic acid cycle enzyme reactions B) Electron transport C) ATP synthesis D) All of the choices are correct

D) All of the choices are correct

65) Which of the following are characteristics of hydrogenosomes that distinguish them from mitochondria? A) Hydrogenosomes generate ATP by fermentation. B) The inner membrane of hydrogenosomes is not highly folded. C) Hydrogenosomes have no DNA. D) All of the choices are correct

D) All of the choices are correct

62) Which of the following must leave the nucleus via the nuclear pore complexes? A) Immature ribosomal subunits B) tRNA C) mRNA D) Immature ribosomal subunits, tRNA, and mRNA

D) Immature ribosomal subunits, tRNA, and mRNA

41) A(n) ________ is a special type of lysosome used by a cell to selectively digest and recycle cytoplasmic contents, such as mitochondria. A) suicide vacuole B) turnover lysosome C) recycling vacuole D) autophagosome

D) autophagosome

48) Construction of flagella and/or cilia is directed by the ________. A) axoneme B) tubulin C) centriole D) basal body

D) basal body

60) Each of the following plays a role in the recycling of proteins in a cell except ________. A) ubiquitin B) proteasomes C) ATP D) clathrin

D) clathrin

35) The major site of cell membrane synthesis is the ________. A) nucleus B) plasma membrane C) lysosome D) endoplasmic reticulum

D) endoplasmic reticulum

64) In eukaryotic cells, the enzymes involved in the tricarboxylic acid cycle (Kreb's cycle) are located ________. A) in the cytoplasm B) in the outer mitochondrial membrane C) in the inner mitochondrial membrane D) in the matrix of the mitochondria E) in the cristae

D) in the matrix of the mitochondria

22) The plasma membrane of eukaryotes contains all of the following except ________. A) phosphoglycerides B) sphingolipids C) sterols D) peptidoglycan

D) peptidoglycan

54) All of the following processes are located within a membranous structure except ________. A) cell respiration - electron transport chain B) photosynthesis - light reactions C) intracellular digestion of food particles D) protein synthesis (translation)

D) protein synthesis (translation)

52) The most important distinguishing feature of eukaryotes that is lacking in bacteria and archaea is ________. A) the presence of a cell wall in eukaryotes B) the cell respiration process which is fundamentally different in bacteria and archaea C) the DNA replication mechanism D) the division of the cell into compartments that are bound by membranes

D) the division of the cell into compartments that are bound by membranes

75) The evolution of membrane-bound organelles and thus compartmentalization within eukaryotic cells likely arose due to all of the following except ________. A) the need to increase surface area to maximize those processes that take place in a membrane, such as oxidative phosphorylation B) the need to spatially separate simultaneous processes in order to ensure independent control C) the need to increase the overall amount of cell membrane to maximize efficiency of transport systems D) the need to prevent mixing of cellular macromolecules such as proteins and polysaccharides

D) the need to prevent mixing of cellular macromolecules such as proteins and polysaccharides

69) Which types of eukaryotic cells have cell walls composed of cellulose? A) Algae B) Fungi C) Plants D) Protozoa E) Both algae and plants

E) Both algae and plants

74) A eukaryotic flagellum can either push a cell through a liquid environment or pull it through depending on the undulating pattern of movement.

True

8) The membrane bound structure that contains the chromosomes of eukaryotes is called the nucleus.

True

36) Which of the following parts of the Golgi complex receives materials from the ER? A) Cis face B) Trans face C) Cisternal edges D) None of the choices are correct

A) Cis face

45) The enzymes and electron carriers involved in electron transport and oxidative phosphorylation are located in the ________ membrane of the mitochondrion. A) inner B) outer C) inner and outer D) neither inner nor outer

A) inner

57) A drug, colchicine, can be added to cells in culture and it stops the polymerization of microtubules. What effect would this have on mitosis? A) It would speed up mitosis by increasing the rate of DNA replication. B) It would slow or block mitosis by preventing DNA replication. C) It would slow or block mitosis by interfering with the spindle apparatus function. D) It would speed up mitosis by increasing the elongation rate of the dividing cell

C) It would slow or block mitosis by interfering with the spindle apparatus function.

31) A lysosome containing undigested material is called ________. A) a phagosome B) an endosome C) a residual body D) a coated vesicle

C) a residual body

23) Microdomains in eukaryotic plasma membranes can participate in ________. A) cell movement B) cell division C) signal transduction D) All of the choices are correct

D) All of the choices are correct

71) Where is the glycolysis pathway located in a cell? A) Cristae of the mitochondria B) Matrix of the mitoconddria C) Smooth endoplasmic reticulum D) Cytoplasm

D) Cytoplasm

37) Receptor mediated endocytosis ________. A) depends on formation of clathrin coated pits that pinch off B) is used to internalize molecules such as hormones, growth factors, iron, and cholesterol C) involves formation of caveolae that are enriched in cholesterol and caveolin D) is typically used to internalize plasma membranes added by exocytosis E) depends on formation of clathrin coated pits that pinch off and is used to internalize molecules such as hormones, growth factors, iron, and cholesterol

E) depends on formation of clathrin coated pits that pinch off and is used to internalize molecules such as hormones, growth factors, iron, and cholesterol

1) The distribution of lipids in the plasma membrane of eukaryotes is symmetrical

False

18) The genetic code is expressed differently in bacterial and archaeal cells than in eukaryotic cells.

False

2) Like prokaryotic cells, most eukaryotic cells have an external cell wall.

False

5) Coated pits containing clathrin do not permit concentration of ingested macromolecules prior to endocytosis.

False

10) The nucleolus is a highly active region of the nucleus that is the site of ribosomal synthesis.

True

11) Chloroplasts are the site for both the light and dark reactions of photosynthesis.

True

12) The majority of mitochondrial proteins are manufactured under the direction of the nuclear DNA by cytoplasmic ribosomes.

True

13) Electron transport reactions that occur in the mitochondria of eukaryotes take place on the inner membrane of that structure

True

19) The major difference between the vacuoles of eukaryotes and the inclusion bodies of bacteria and archaea is that the former are membrane-bound, whereas the latter are not.

True

20) Eukaryotes usually have more than one chromosome for the storage of genetic information

True

3) Lysosomes maintain an acidic environment by actively pumping protons into their interior.

True

4) The endoplasmic reticulum is mostly devoid of ribosomes (smooth ER) when cells are producing large quantities of lipid.

True

53) Ribosomes are not considered to be organelles because they are not membrane—bound.

True

16) Cilia beat with two distinctive phases. With the ________ stroke, they stroke like an oar, thereby propelling the organism through the water. With the ________ stroke, cilia bend along their length while they are pulled forward

effective, recovery

17) Eukaryotic ribosomes may be free in the cytoplasm or attached to the ________ ________.

endoplasmic reticulum

7) Ribosomes synthesizing proteins that are to be excreted are located on the ________.

endoplasmic reticulum

15) Long filaments containing microtubules and used for cellular locomotion are called ________, whereas short fibers containing microtubules and used for cellular locomotion are called ________.

flagella, cilia

58) Order the following statements to correctly describe the route of secreted protein as it is synthesized and secreted from a eukaryotic cell. 1. Translation begins on a ribosome. 2. The ribosome attaches to the rough endoplasmic reticulum and the newly formed polypeptide is pushed into the lumen of the rough ER. 3. The protein folds and undergoes modification within the rough ER. 4. The protein travels within a membranous vesicle from the ER to the cis face of the Golgi apparatus. 5. The protein travels toward the trans face of the Golgi, from which it is packaged into a secretory vesicle. 6. The secretory vesicle travels to and merges with the cell membrane, releasing its contents outside of the cell.

2, 4, 1, 6, 5, 3

25) Protein filaments with a diameter of 4-7 nm that play a role in cell movement and shape change are called ________. A) microtubules B) microfilaments C) intermediate filaments D) mycelia

B) microfilaments

30) The Golgi apparatus is responsible for the ________. A) the assembly of ribosomes B) packaging of materials for excretion C) formation of mesosomes D) replication of chromosomes

B) packaging of materials for excretion

29) The process by which a cell imports large particles by enclosing them in vesicles pinched off from the plasma membrane is called ________. A) exocytosis B) phagocytosis C) pinocytosis D) nutrient cytosis

B) phagocytosis

61) Endocytic events ________. A) add membrane to the cell surface B) remove membrane from the cell surface C) have no effect on the plasma membrane D) change the membrane composition

B) remove membrane from the cell surface

40) The nucleolar organizer is a part of a specific chromosome that directs the synthesis of ________. A) transfer RNA (tRNA) B) ribosomal RNA (rRNA) C) messenger RNA (mRNA) D) heterogeneous nuclear RNA (hnRNA)

B) ribosomal RNA (rRNA)

55) Which mechanism of nutrient acquisition is not seen in bacteria? A) Simple diffusion B) Facilitated diffusion C) Endocytosis D) Active transport E) Group translocation

C) Endocytosis

68) Which cell type ranges in size from about 10-100 μm, has 80s ribosomes, and has internal compartments bounded by membranes? A) Archaea B) Bacteria C) Eukarya

C) Eukarya

72) Which of the following has flagella that wave back and forth? A) Archaea B) Bacteria C) Eukarya

C) Eukarya

73) Which of the following has flagella that contain microtubules? A) Archaea B) Bacteria C) Eukarya

C) Eukarya

51) Which of the following is useful in distinguishing between bacterial, archaeal and eukaryotic cells? A) The use of DNA for the storage of genetic information B) The presence of ribosomes for the synthesis of proteins C) The presence of membrane-delimited organelles within the cytoplasm D) All of the choices are correct.

C) The presence of membrane-delimited organelles within the cytoplasm

9) Although similar in function, the eukaryotic ribosome is generally smaller and more complex than bacterial and archaeal ribosomes

False