micro chapter 7

What does Hfr stand for? high fertility recognition high fertility recombination high frequency of recombination high fertility recipient

high frequency of recombination

The replication fork __________________. is what results if the DNA strands begin to degrade. is another term for DNA replication. is the point where DNA helicase is "unzipping" the double-stranded DNA molecule. iIs the point where stabilizing proteins bind the single strands of DNA.

is the point where DNA helicase is unzipping the double stranded DNA molecule

How does the DNA polymerase know which nucleotide triphosphate to add to the growing strand? It hydrogen-bonds the nucleotide to the parental strand, pairing adenines to thymines and guanines to cytosines. It hydrogen-bonds the nucleotide to the RNA primer made by primase, pairing adenines to thymines and guanines to cytosines. It hydrogen-bonds the nucleotide to the parental strand, pairing adenines to cytosines and guanines to thymines. It does not; it is a random process that results in genetic diversity for the offspring.

it hydrogen bonds the nucleotide to the parental strand, pairing adenines to thymines and quanines to cytosines

Pyrimidines are molecules used in the synthesis of which of the following? proteins lipids carbohydrates nucleic acids

nucleic acids

The chromosomes of a prokaryotic cell can be found in its __________. inclusions endoplasmic reticulum nucleus nucleoid

nucleoid

What typically results from conjugation between an Hfr cell and an F- cell? one Hfr cell and one F- cell two Hfr cells two F- cells

one Hfr cell and one F- cell

What must occur for an organism to pass its genetic information on to its offspring? parent must copy its own DNA and provide a copy to its offspring. The host chromosome must be degraded The parental chromosome must be given to the offspring. A novel DNA chromosome must be made by the parent cell and given to its offspring.

parent must copy its own DNA and provide a copy to its offspring

the transfer of DNA between bacterial cells is often facilitated by which of the following? fimbriae a ribosome a flagellum a pilus

pilus

The amino acid sequence of a protein constitutes its __________. secondary structure tertiary structure quaternary structure primary structure

primary structure

Which of the following statements concerning RNA is true? It catalyzes protein synthesis. It can consist of codons and anticodons. It serves as a structural component of ribosomes. It provides energy for cells.

provides energy for cells

A cell that has incorporated new DNA as part of its own is termed a __________. donor. recipient. recombinant.

recombinant

Lactose induces gene expression in the lac operon by binding which molecule? operator catabolic activator protein (CAP) RNA polymerase repressor

repressor

All of the following are associated with the nucleus of a eukaryotic cell EXCEPT __________. histones ribosomes DNA. chromatin

ribosomes

In taxonomy, a strain is a more specialized subset of which of the following? species class genus family

species

Place the following events of lagging strand DNA synthesis in order: DNA polymerase synthesizes new DNA strand in the 5' to 3' direction. Primase adds an RNA primer. Okazaki fragments are joined together. RNAse removes the RNA primer. 2, 1, 3, 4 2, 1, 4, 3 1, 2, 4, 3 1, 2, 3, 4

2,1,3,4

How many amino acids are used by cells to make proteins? 15 21 25 64

21

Cultures that are visible on the surface of a solid growth medium are known as __________. colonies slants CFUs inocula

colonies

DNA synthesis occurs in which direction? From 3' to 5' on both the leading and lagging strands. From 5' to 3' on the lagging strand and 3' to 5' on the leading strand. From 5' to 3' on the leading strand and 3' to 5' on the lagging strand. From 5' to 3' on both the leading and lagging strands.

from 5 to 3 n both the leading and lagging strands

In which of the following locations in a eukaryotic cell would we NOT find DNA molecules? nucleus Golgi body chloroplasts mitochondria

golgi body

Why are F- cells unable to spread the fertility factor? They have only a chromosome copy of the fertility factor. Hfr cells prevent F- recipients from mating. F- cells have too much genetic information to use, making it unlikely for them to make the fertility factor. F- cells rarely receive a complete copy of the fertility factor during conjugation.

F- cells rarely receive a complete copy of the fertility factor during conjugation

All of the following are possible base pair combinations in nucleic acids EXCEPT __________. C-T G-C A-T A-U

c,t

Which of the following statements concerning the structure of DNA is false? DNA contains the sugar deoxyribose. DNA contains the nitrogenous bases A, C, G, and U. The two strands of a DNA molecule are held together by hydrogen bonds. The two strands of a DNA molecule are antiparallel to each other.

DNA contains the nitrogenous bases A,C,G,U

What is the role of DNA helicase in DNA replication? DNA helicase uses the energy from ATP to break the hydrogen bonds between two DNA strands, thereby "unzipping" the molecule. DNA helicase stabilizes the single strands of DNA during replication. DNA helicase synthesizes new strands of DNA. DNA uses DNA to get energy from ATP.

DNA helicase uses the energy from ATP to break the hydrogen bonds between two DNA strands, thereby unzipping the molecule

Which enzyme(s) can synthesize new strands of DNA? primase DNA polymerase ligase #1 and #2 all of the above

DNA polymerase

The process of copying DNA prior to cell replication is known as _____________. DNA translation. DNA synthesis. RNA replication. DNA transcription. DNA replication.

DNA replication

What is the function of stabilizing proteins? They form the replication fork. They use ATP to break the hydrogen bonds between the strands of DNA. They synthesize new strands of DNA. They hold the separated strands apart and prevent their degredation.

They hold the separated strands apart and prevent their degredation

The replication fork moves ___________. opposite the direction of the DNA helicase. ahead of the newly synthesized DNA. away from the direction of newly synthesized DNA. toward the stabilizing proteins

ahead of the newly synthesized DNA

Radiation causes DNA mutations by __________. producing thymine dimers producing ions breaking covalent bonds between the sugars and phosphates of DNA performing all of these actions

all

All of the following are components of a nucleotide EXCEPT __________. a nitrogenous base an amino group a pentose sugar a phosphate group

amino group

Transcription and translation are what type of metabolic pathways? metabolic catabolic anabolic amphibolic

anabolic

Quorum sensing is a bacterial phenomenon related to the presence of which of the following? the cell wall biofilms the cell membrane inclusions

biofilms

How does an F+ cell become an Hfr cell? by mating with another F+ cell by integrating the F plasmid into the chromosome by losing its F plasmid by mating with an F- cell

by intergrating the F plasmid into the chromosome

Which of the following is NOT a monomer? monosaccharides amino acids deoxyribonucleic acid fatty acids

deoxyribonucleic acid

Ribosomes __________. contain three mRNA binding sites are responsible for nucleic acid synthesis in a cell are composed of three subunits different in eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells

different in eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells

What serves as the template for DNA replication? proteins that are associated with DNA replication the new DNA strands each of the original DNA strands RNA from the cell

each of the original DNA strands

Why is primase essential for DNA replication? It removes the RNA left from the DNA replication process. It provides the RNA that is an essential part of the newly copied chromosome. It repairs the gaps between DNA fragments during lagging strand synthesis. It provides a 3' end of the newly synthesized strand, allowing DNA polymerase to begin copying DNA.

it provides a 3 end of the newly synthesized strand, allowing DNA polymerase to begin copying DNA

Which of the following is a characteristic of an F- cell? ability to synthesize sex pili presence of a fertility factor ability to mate with an F- cell all of the above none of the above

none of the above

Which of the following statements concerning DNA replication is true? The leading strand of DNA replication requires only one RNA primer. The lagging strand of DNA replication requires multiple RNA primers. The lagging strand of DNA replication requires only one RNA primer. The leading strand of DNA replication does not require an RNA primer.

the leading strand of dna replication requires only one rna primer

What is meant by semiconservative replication? The newly made DNA strand is made entirely of new DNA, while the parental DNA is conserved Both the new DNA molecules are made up of new DNA. The new copies of DNA contain one original strand of DNA and one new strand of DNA. Both the new DNA and the parental DNA remain connected during DNA replication.

the new copies of DNA contain one original strand of DNA and one new strand of DNA

What might happen if the cell does not have RNAse? DNA polymerase would not have a 3' to begin DNA synthesis. There would be gaps of missing DNA throughout the newly synthesized DNA. The newly made chromosome would consist of DNA and RNA molecules. The hydrogen bonding between the DNA strands would all be broken.

the newly made chromosome would consist of DNA and RNA molecules

Which of the following would be an example of horizontal gene transfer? the transfer of DNA from one bacterium to another the fusion of a sperm and egg cell during fertilization a cell transferring a copy of its genome during mitosis a bacterium transferring a copy of its genomic DNA to daughter cells during binary fission

the transfer of DNA from one bacterium to another

Which of the following statements regarding Okazaki fragments are true? They are composed of RNA. They are found on the lagging strand of DNA replication. They are found on the leading strand of DNA replication. They are typically 1000 nucleotides in length.

they are found on the lagging strand of dna

What is the function of the connector proteins? They link the leading strand DNA polymerase and the lagging strand DNA polymerase together. They produce the Okazaki fragments. They allow DNA synthesis to occur from the 3' to 5' direction. They enable one parental DNA strand and one newly synthesized DNA strand to be held together.

they link the leading strand DNA polymerase and the lagging strand DNA polymerase together

Which of the following is NOT a type of horizontal gene transfer? conjugation transduction transcription transformation

transcription

The central dogma of genetics consists of __________. transcription and translation transcription and DNA replication DNA replication, transcription, and translation DNA replication and translation

transcription and translation