Micro Chapter 9

DNA polymerase III is responsible for: - the supercoiling of DNA. - binding the nicks in DNA. - building the DNA chain. - unwinding the helix.

- building the DNA chain.

Select all that apply DNA polymerases are responsible for - binding the nicks in DNA. - building the DNA chain. - supercoiling of DNA. - proofreading/repair. - unwinding the helix.

- building the DNA chain. - proofreading/repair.

Which of the following is NOT a type of RNA? - tRNA - mRNA - dRNA - rRNA

- dRNA

Some amino acids can be encoded by several different codons. For that reason, we say that the genetic code is -----

- degenerate

The pentose sugar found in DNA is -----

- deoxyribose

A nucleotide is oriented 5' or 3' depending on the location of the ______ on the strand of DNA. - hydrogen bonds - deoxyribose carbons - nitrogens

- deoxyribose carbons

Another term for genetics is -----

- heredity

DNA polymerase ----- is the main enzyme responsible for building the DNA strand during DNA replication.

- iii

Any alteration in DNA that occurs as a consequence of exposure to chemical or physical mutagens is a(n) ----- mutation.

- induced

DNA sequences found within a gene that do not encode the protein corresponding to the gene are -----

- introns

Inhibition of transcription of the structural genes of the lac operon will occur when: - lactose concentration is low and glucose concentration is high. - lactose concentration is high and glucose concentration is low. - lactose concentration is high and glucose concentration is high.

- lactose concentration is low and glucose concentration is high.

Transcription of the structural genes of the lac operon will be greatest when: - glucose is present in high concentrations but lactose is absent. - lactose is present in high concentrations but glucose is absent. - both lactose and glucose are present in high concentrations. - both lactose and glucose are present but in low concentrations.

- lactose is present in high concentrations but glucose is absent.

Which of the following types of RNA is the transcribed version of a structural gene in DNA, that is later read for translation into protein? - dRNA - rRNA - tRNA - mRNA

- mRNA

The basic unit of DNA structure is a(n): - gene. - genome. - nucleotide. - chromosome.

- nucleotide.

The building blocks of DNA structure are -----

- nucleotides

The place where DNA replication is initiated is called the ----- - DNA unwinding site - origin of replication - helicase binding site - primer synthesis site

- origin of replication

The site on a chromosome where DNA replication begins is called the ----- of replication.

- origins

A DNA nucleotide is composed of a(n) -----, a(n) ----- sugar, and a(n) -----base.

- phosphate - deoxyribose - nitrogen

Mutations that involve the addition, deletion, or substitution of one or a few bases are referred to as ______ mutations. - frameshift - back - wild-type - point

- point

The addition, deletion, or substitution of no more than a few bases as the result of a mutation is referred to as a(n) ----- mutation

- point

An enzyme that is named for its ability to build strands of DNA is DNA ----- - nuclease - transcriptase - helicase - polymerase

- polymerase

DNA _______ is the enzyme responsible for building strands of DNA. - helicase - primase - gyrase - polymerase - ligase

- polymerase

The enzymes responsible for building the DNA strand, proofreading newly produced DNA strands, and removing the RNA primer are DNA ----- I and III.

- polymerase

When one bacterium donates DNA to other bacterium, it is known as -----

- recombination

During semiconservative ----- the DNA is duplicated prior to binary fission.

- replication

The pentose sugar found in RNA is -----

- ribose

The newly made double helices are composed of one parent template and one newly synthesized strand as a result of ----- replication

- semiconservative

Mutations in DNA that are caused by random mistakes in replication, and are not known to be the result of any mutagenic agent, are ----- mutations

- spontaneous

Mutations in DNA that are caused by random mistakes in replication, and are not known to be the result of any mutagenic agent, are ----- mutations.

- spontaneous

Which of the following types of RNA delivers the amino acids to the growing peptide chain in translation? - mRNA - rRNA - dRNA - tRNA

- tRNA

The term ----- , or codon, is a sequence of 3 nucleotides in DNA that encodes an amino acid

- triplet

The nitrogenous base thymine is only found in DNA, while ----- is only found in RNA.

- uracil

Which nitrogenous base is found in RNA but not found in DNA? - Cytosine - Thymine - Guanine - Uracil - Adenine

- Uracil

Which component of DNA determines the 3' and 5' ends of the strands? - Pairing of nitrogenous bases - Number of phosphates - Number of hydrogen bonds - Carbons in the deoxyribose sugar

- Carbons in the deoxyribose sugar

The RNA type that transfers amino acids to the growing peptide chain in translation is ----- RNA.

- T

Uracil, the nitrogenous base unique to RNA molecules, pairs with the nitrogenous base -----

- adenine

Which term, synonymous with codon, describes a trinucleotide sequence coding an amino acid in DNA? - Anticodon - Inversion - Triplet

- Triplet

A mutation is an alteration in the DNA sequence or content of a cell that is passed on when the cell divides. True/False

- True

Several codons can code for the same amino acid, which is called the redundancy of the code. True/False

- True

In a chromosome, the DNA is composed of ______ strands. - 3 - 1 - 2

- 2

All new DNA strands are synthesized from: - 5' to 3'. - 3' to 5'.

- 5' to 3'.

In RNA, which nitrogenous base pairs with adenine? - Guanine - Uracil - Thymine - Cytosine

- Uracil

Which best describes the flow of genetic information in a cell? - Protein encodes RNA which encodes DNA - RNA encodes DNA which encodes protein - DNA encodes RNA which encodes protein

- DNA encodes RNA which encodes protein

The flow of genetic information in a cell is a process starting with ----- which encodes ----- which encodes protein.

- DNA; mRNA

Which pentose sugar is found in DNA? - Deoxyribose - D-galactose - Ribose - Glucose

- Deoxyribose

Which of the following are parts of a nucleotide in DNA? - Deoxyribose sugar - Phosphate - Ribose sugar - Nitrogenous base - Amino acid

- Deoxyribose sugar - Phosphate - Nitrogenous base

The DNA of a chromosome is ----- -stranded.

- Double

Which is true regarding semiconservative DNA replication? - The lagging strand is synthesized continuously. - Each new DNA helix contains one parent strand and one newly synthesized strand. - The new strand is synthesized in the 5' to 3' direction on the leading strand, and in the 3' to 5' direction on the lagging strand.

- Each new DNA helix contains one parent strand and one newly synthesized strand.

The complete set of chromosomes and genes in an organism is referred to as the -----

- Genome

Which term represents all of the genetic information within a cell? - Gene - Genome - Chromosome

- Genome

Genetic inheritance in microorganisms is best defined by which term? - Heredity - Mutation - Phenotype - Recombination

- Heredity

Genetic inheritance in microorganisms is best defined by which term? - Mutation - Phenotype - Heredity - Recombination

- Heredity

The enzyme involved in replicating a new DNA strand is DNA polymerase ______, while DNA polymerase ______ is involved in removing the RNA primer, closing gaps, and repairing mismatched bases. - III, IV - II, IV - IV, I - III, I - IV, II - I, III

- III, I

DNA polymerase ______ is the main enzyme involved in the building of the new DNA chain, whereas DNA polymerase ______ is involved mostly with removing the primers and repairing damaged DNA. - I/III - III/I

- III/I

What type of DNA mutation occurs as a consequence of exposure to chemical or physical mutagens? - Spontaneous - Induced

- Induced

Which is the correct order of events when a protein is made in the process of translation, starting with the first event? - Initiation, elongation, termination - Termination, elongation, initiation - Initiation, termination, elongation - Elongation, termination, initiation

- Initiation, elongation, termination

The first three events of translation in the correct order are ----- ,----- , ----- followed by protein folding and processing.

- Initiation; Elongation; Termination

Which DNA sequences are found within a gene but do not encode the protein specified by that gene? - Introns - Exons

- Introns

The RNA form that contains the transcribed code for a protein from the original DNA strand is ----- RNA

- M

The three types of RNA that are directly involved in making protein are ----- RNA, ----- RNA, and ----- RNA.

- M; R; T

An alteration in the DNA sequence of a cell is a(n) -----

- Mutation

Select all that apply Which of the following are parts of a nucleotide in DNA? - Nitrogenous base - Amino acid - Phosphate - Ribose sugar - Deoxyribose sugar

- Nitrogenous base - Phosphate - Deoxyribose sugar

What is the large enzyme complex that is involved in synthesizing RNA from a DNA template? - RNA polymerase - DNA polymerase I - Reverse transcriptase - DNA polymerase III

- RNA polymerase

The main enzyme responsible for transcription is: - gyrase. - helicase. - RNA polymerase. - DNA polymerase. - ligase.

- RNA polymerase.

The main enzyme responsible for transcription is: - helicase. - DNA polymerase. - ligase. - RNA polymerase. - gyrase.

- RNA polymerase.

The large enzyme complex involved in synthesizing RNA from a DNA template is called ----- -----

- RNA; Polymerase

Which term refers to the transfer of genes from donor to recipient microorganisms? - Recombination - Heredity - Mutation - Reproduction

- Recombination

Two components of an operon include the ----- region and the ----- gene sequences.

- Regulatory; Structural

What must occur prior to cell division to ensure that each new cell has a complete set of DNA chromosome(s)? - Transcription - Translation - Transformation - Replication

- Replication

Which pentose sugar is found in RNA? - Deoxyribose - RuBP - Glucose - Ribose

- Ribose

Which type of mutation is due to random mistakes in replication? - Spontaneous mutation - Induced mutation - Nonspontaneous mutation

- Spontaneous mutation

Select all that apply Which are components of an operon in a sequence of DNA? - Repressor - RNA polymerase - Structural genes - Inducer - Regulatory region

- Structural genes - Regulatory region

Select all that apply Which are components of an operon in a sequence of DNA? - Structural genes - RNA polymerase - Repressor - Regulatory region

- Structural genes - Regulatory region

Select all that apply Which of the following are functions of RNA polymerase? - Synthesizes an RNA molecule from DNA template - Unwinds the DNA so that transcription can take place - Seals the fragmented pieces of RNA together after synthesis - Terminates the transcription process

- Synthesizes an RNA molecule from DNA template - Unwinds the DNA so that transcription can take place