Micro Chapter 9
DNA polymerase III is responsible for: - the supercoiling of DNA. - binding the nicks in DNA. - building the DNA chain. - unwinding the helix.
- building the DNA chain.
Select all that apply DNA polymerases are responsible for - binding the nicks in DNA. - building the DNA chain. - supercoiling of DNA. - proofreading/repair. - unwinding the helix.
- building the DNA chain. - proofreading/repair.
Which of the following is NOT a type of RNA? - tRNA - mRNA - dRNA - rRNA
- dRNA
Some amino acids can be encoded by several different codons. For that reason, we say that the genetic code is -----
- degenerate
The pentose sugar found in DNA is -----
- deoxyribose
A nucleotide is oriented 5' or 3' depending on the location of the ______ on the strand of DNA. - hydrogen bonds - deoxyribose carbons - nitrogens
- deoxyribose carbons
Another term for genetics is -----
- heredity
DNA polymerase ----- is the main enzyme responsible for building the DNA strand during DNA replication.
- iii
Any alteration in DNA that occurs as a consequence of exposure to chemical or physical mutagens is a(n) ----- mutation.
- induced
DNA sequences found within a gene that do not encode the protein corresponding to the gene are -----
- introns
Inhibition of transcription of the structural genes of the lac operon will occur when: - lactose concentration is low and glucose concentration is high. - lactose concentration is high and glucose concentration is low. - lactose concentration is high and glucose concentration is high.
- lactose concentration is low and glucose concentration is high.
Transcription of the structural genes of the lac operon will be greatest when: - glucose is present in high concentrations but lactose is absent. - lactose is present in high concentrations but glucose is absent. - both lactose and glucose are present in high concentrations. - both lactose and glucose are present but in low concentrations.
- lactose is present in high concentrations but glucose is absent.
Which of the following types of RNA is the transcribed version of a structural gene in DNA, that is later read for translation into protein? - dRNA - rRNA - tRNA - mRNA
- mRNA
The basic unit of DNA structure is a(n): - gene. - genome. - nucleotide. - chromosome.
- nucleotide.
The building blocks of DNA structure are -----
- nucleotides
The place where DNA replication is initiated is called the ----- - DNA unwinding site - origin of replication - helicase binding site - primer synthesis site
- origin of replication
The site on a chromosome where DNA replication begins is called the ----- of replication.
- origins
A DNA nucleotide is composed of a(n) -----, a(n) ----- sugar, and a(n) -----base.
- phosphate - deoxyribose - nitrogen
Mutations that involve the addition, deletion, or substitution of one or a few bases are referred to as ______ mutations. - frameshift - back - wild-type - point
- point
The addition, deletion, or substitution of no more than a few bases as the result of a mutation is referred to as a(n) ----- mutation
- point
An enzyme that is named for its ability to build strands of DNA is DNA ----- - nuclease - transcriptase - helicase - polymerase
- polymerase
DNA _______ is the enzyme responsible for building strands of DNA. - helicase - primase - gyrase - polymerase - ligase
- polymerase
The enzymes responsible for building the DNA strand, proofreading newly produced DNA strands, and removing the RNA primer are DNA ----- I and III.
- polymerase
When one bacterium donates DNA to other bacterium, it is known as -----
- recombination
During semiconservative ----- the DNA is duplicated prior to binary fission.
- replication
The pentose sugar found in RNA is -----
- ribose
The newly made double helices are composed of one parent template and one newly synthesized strand as a result of ----- replication
- semiconservative
Mutations in DNA that are caused by random mistakes in replication, and are not known to be the result of any mutagenic agent, are ----- mutations
- spontaneous
Mutations in DNA that are caused by random mistakes in replication, and are not known to be the result of any mutagenic agent, are ----- mutations.
- spontaneous
Which of the following types of RNA delivers the amino acids to the growing peptide chain in translation? - mRNA - rRNA - dRNA - tRNA
- tRNA
The term ----- , or codon, is a sequence of 3 nucleotides in DNA that encodes an amino acid
- triplet
The nitrogenous base thymine is only found in DNA, while ----- is only found in RNA.
- uracil
Which nitrogenous base is found in RNA but not found in DNA? - Cytosine - Thymine - Guanine - Uracil - Adenine
- Uracil
Which component of DNA determines the 3' and 5' ends of the strands? - Pairing of nitrogenous bases - Number of phosphates - Number of hydrogen bonds - Carbons in the deoxyribose sugar
- Carbons in the deoxyribose sugar
The RNA type that transfers amino acids to the growing peptide chain in translation is ----- RNA.
- T
Uracil, the nitrogenous base unique to RNA molecules, pairs with the nitrogenous base -----
- adenine
Which term, synonymous with codon, describes a trinucleotide sequence coding an amino acid in DNA? - Anticodon - Inversion - Triplet
- Triplet
A mutation is an alteration in the DNA sequence or content of a cell that is passed on when the cell divides. True/False
- True
Several codons can code for the same amino acid, which is called the redundancy of the code. True/False
- True
In a chromosome, the DNA is composed of ______ strands. - 3 - 1 - 2
- 2
All new DNA strands are synthesized from: - 5' to 3'. - 3' to 5'.
- 5' to 3'.
In RNA, which nitrogenous base pairs with adenine? - Guanine - Uracil - Thymine - Cytosine
- Uracil
Which best describes the flow of genetic information in a cell? - Protein encodes RNA which encodes DNA - RNA encodes DNA which encodes protein - DNA encodes RNA which encodes protein
- DNA encodes RNA which encodes protein
The flow of genetic information in a cell is a process starting with ----- which encodes ----- which encodes protein.
- DNA; mRNA
Which pentose sugar is found in DNA? - Deoxyribose - D-galactose - Ribose - Glucose
- Deoxyribose
Which of the following are parts of a nucleotide in DNA? - Deoxyribose sugar - Phosphate - Ribose sugar - Nitrogenous base - Amino acid
- Deoxyribose sugar - Phosphate - Nitrogenous base
The DNA of a chromosome is ----- -stranded.
- Double
Which is true regarding semiconservative DNA replication? - The lagging strand is synthesized continuously. - Each new DNA helix contains one parent strand and one newly synthesized strand. - The new strand is synthesized in the 5' to 3' direction on the leading strand, and in the 3' to 5' direction on the lagging strand.
- Each new DNA helix contains one parent strand and one newly synthesized strand.
The complete set of chromosomes and genes in an organism is referred to as the -----
- Genome
Which term represents all of the genetic information within a cell? - Gene - Genome - Chromosome
- Genome
Genetic inheritance in microorganisms is best defined by which term? - Heredity - Mutation - Phenotype - Recombination
- Heredity
Genetic inheritance in microorganisms is best defined by which term? - Mutation - Phenotype - Heredity - Recombination
- Heredity
The enzyme involved in replicating a new DNA strand is DNA polymerase ______, while DNA polymerase ______ is involved in removing the RNA primer, closing gaps, and repairing mismatched bases. - III, IV - II, IV - IV, I - III, I - IV, II - I, III
- III, I
DNA polymerase ______ is the main enzyme involved in the building of the new DNA chain, whereas DNA polymerase ______ is involved mostly with removing the primers and repairing damaged DNA. - I/III - III/I
- III/I
What type of DNA mutation occurs as a consequence of exposure to chemical or physical mutagens? - Spontaneous - Induced
- Induced
Which is the correct order of events when a protein is made in the process of translation, starting with the first event? - Initiation, elongation, termination - Termination, elongation, initiation - Initiation, termination, elongation - Elongation, termination, initiation
- Initiation, elongation, termination
The first three events of translation in the correct order are ----- ,----- , ----- followed by protein folding and processing.
- Initiation; Elongation; Termination
Which DNA sequences are found within a gene but do not encode the protein specified by that gene? - Introns - Exons
- Introns
The RNA form that contains the transcribed code for a protein from the original DNA strand is ----- RNA
- M
The three types of RNA that are directly involved in making protein are ----- RNA, ----- RNA, and ----- RNA.
- M; R; T
An alteration in the DNA sequence of a cell is a(n) -----
- Mutation
Select all that apply Which of the following are parts of a nucleotide in DNA? - Nitrogenous base - Amino acid - Phosphate - Ribose sugar - Deoxyribose sugar
- Nitrogenous base - Phosphate - Deoxyribose sugar
What is the large enzyme complex that is involved in synthesizing RNA from a DNA template? - RNA polymerase - DNA polymerase I - Reverse transcriptase - DNA polymerase III
- RNA polymerase
The main enzyme responsible for transcription is: - gyrase. - helicase. - RNA polymerase. - DNA polymerase. - ligase.
- RNA polymerase.
The main enzyme responsible for transcription is: - helicase. - DNA polymerase. - ligase. - RNA polymerase. - gyrase.
- RNA polymerase.
The large enzyme complex involved in synthesizing RNA from a DNA template is called ----- -----
- RNA; Polymerase
Which term refers to the transfer of genes from donor to recipient microorganisms? - Recombination - Heredity - Mutation - Reproduction
- Recombination
Two components of an operon include the ----- region and the ----- gene sequences.
- Regulatory; Structural
What must occur prior to cell division to ensure that each new cell has a complete set of DNA chromosome(s)? - Transcription - Translation - Transformation - Replication
- Replication
Which pentose sugar is found in RNA? - Deoxyribose - RuBP - Glucose - Ribose
- Ribose
Which type of mutation is due to random mistakes in replication? - Spontaneous mutation - Induced mutation - Nonspontaneous mutation
- Spontaneous mutation
Select all that apply Which are components of an operon in a sequence of DNA? - Repressor - RNA polymerase - Structural genes - Inducer - Regulatory region
- Structural genes - Regulatory region
Select all that apply Which are components of an operon in a sequence of DNA? - Structural genes - RNA polymerase - Repressor - Regulatory region
- Structural genes - Regulatory region
Select all that apply Which of the following are functions of RNA polymerase? - Synthesizes an RNA molecule from DNA template - Unwinds the DNA so that transcription can take place - Seals the fragmented pieces of RNA together after synthesis - Terminates the transcription process
- Synthesizes an RNA molecule from DNA template - Unwinds the DNA so that transcription can take place