Micro Chp 3 Connect
For bacteria to move, the flagellar _____ rotate(s) 360°.
filament and hook
All of these appendages provide motility to bacteria EXCEPT ______.
fimbriae nanowires pili
Appendages that propel bacterial cells through an aqueous environment include axial filaments and ________
flagella
The protective covering called the ______ develops as a coating of repeating polysaccharide or glycoprotein units.
glycocalyx
_______ is a polysaccharide protective coating outside of the bacterial cell wall that is called either a capsule or slime layer based on its structure.
glycocalyx
Which common staining technique distinguishes between groups of bacterial cells based on the composition of their cell walls?
gram stain
Refrigerators are excellent environments to encourage the growth of __________, a group of bacteria that loves cold temperatures.
psychrophilic
The bacterial flagellum moves by ______.
rotating 360°
Which is true regarding all bacterial cells?
All lack a nucleus.
What manual would be most likely used by a medical microbiologist to identify a microbe?
Bergey's Manual of Determinative Bacteriology
What structure is used in the Bergey's Manual of Determinative Bacteriology to divide bacteria and archaea into four major divisions?
Cell wall
Which cell structure is designed to provide shape, support and resistance to osmotic pressure?
Cell wall
Bergey's Manual of _________ Bacteriology is used by microbiologists whose primary interest is identification of prokaryotes, while Bergey's Manual of _________ Bacteriology is used by those who are also interested in the evolutionary relationships of prokaryotes.
Determinative/Systematic
True or false: The gram-negative cell wall has more peptidoglycan than the gram-positive cell wall.
False
Which appendage provides the ability to attach to surfaces and other cells?
Fimbriae
Which two macromolecules are the major components of cell membranes?
Lipids Proteins
Gram-Positive Bacteria
Multi layers resulting in different colors
Which group of bacteria grows at very low temperatures?
Psychrophiles
What is the primary function of endospores?
Survival
Which is more impervious to the action of antimicrobial chemicals?
Typical gram-negative bacteria
The bacterial flagellum is composed of ______
a basal body, hook, and filament
Each of the following is found in all bacterial cells EXCEPT ______. Multiple choice question. a glycocalyx cytoplasm ribosomes a cytoplasmic membrane
a glycocalyx
The majority of bacterial cells have all of the following features EXCEPT ______. genetic material one or more chromosomes a nucleus a cell wall made of peptidoglygan
a nucleus
A cell membrane, ribosomes, chromosome(s), and cytoplasm are found in ______ bacterial cells.
all
Differences in the structure of the bacterial ______ account for the different results achieved with Gram stain.
cell wall
The cellular structure used by the Bergey's Manual of Determinative Bacteriology to classify bacteria into taxonomic divisions such as the Gracilicutes and Firmicutes is the
cell wall
During ______, bacterial cells move by flagellar motion in response to chemical signals.
chemotaxis
The intracellular gelatinous solution is referred to as ______.
cytoplasm
Water serves as a solvent for the contents of the cell, making up 70-80% of the internal gelatinous solution known as the ______.
cytoplasm
Nanotubes or nanowires are long extensions of the _____ that bacteria use as channels to transfer nutrients or electrons.
cytoplasmic membrane
Which of the following are part of the cell envelope, including components found in some but not all bacteria?
cytoplasmic membrane cell wall outer membrane
Dormant bodies produced by bacteria for survival rather than reproductive purposes are called
endospore
The bacterial cytoplasmic membrane is a ______ bilayer with________ embedded to varying degrees.
lipid proteins
The ability of a cell to move or self-propel through an aqueous environment is known as
motility
The ability to move is referred to as ______.
motility
To move away from a potentially harmful compound by flagellar motion is referred to as ____________ chemotaxis
negative
Nanotubes or nanowires are long extensions of the cytoplasmic membrane that bacteria use as channels to transfer ______.
nutrients or electrons
Gram-negative bacteria
only shows one layer, all the same color
The phospholipid bilayer that forms the most exterior layer in gram-negative bacteria is called the
outer membrane
Which term is used to describe the phospholipid barrier surrounding the peptidoglycan layer in Gram-negative bacteria?
outer membrane
The cell wall in bacteria is primarily composed of
peptidoglycan
The unique macromolecule found in the bacterial cell wall is called ______,
peptidoglycan
A major structural component of the bilayer in a cell membrane are ________, a type of lipids which comprise 30-40% of the membrane mass.
phospholipids
An appendage which forms a channel for the exchange of genetic material during bacterial conjugation is called a ______
pilus, pili, sex pilus, or conjugation pilus
Bacteria function as _____ organisms.
unicellular
Many bacteria function as independent ______ organisms
unicellular
The Gram stain differentiates bacteria based upon structural differences of the bacterial cell
wall
The structure that determines the shape of a bacterium and protects the cell from damage due to changes in osmotic pressure is the cell
wall
The cell envelope is composed of the cell _____ and the cell _____.
wall membrane