Micro Chp 3 Connect

For bacteria to move, the flagellar _____ rotate(s) 360°.

filament and hook

All of these appendages provide motility to bacteria EXCEPT ______.

fimbriae nanowires pili

Appendages that propel bacterial cells through an aqueous environment include axial filaments and ________

flagella

The protective covering called the ______ develops as a coating of repeating polysaccharide or glycoprotein units.

glycocalyx

_______ is a polysaccharide protective coating outside of the bacterial cell wall that is called either a capsule or slime layer based on its structure.

glycocalyx

Which common staining technique distinguishes between groups of bacterial cells based on the composition of their cell walls?

gram stain

Refrigerators are excellent environments to encourage the growth of __________, a group of bacteria that loves cold temperatures.

psychrophilic

The bacterial flagellum moves by ______.

rotating 360°

Which is true regarding all bacterial cells?

All lack a nucleus.

What manual would be most likely used by a medical microbiologist to identify a microbe?

Bergey's Manual of Determinative Bacteriology

What structure is used in the Bergey's Manual of Determinative Bacteriology to divide bacteria and archaea into four major divisions?

Cell wall

Which cell structure is designed to provide shape, support and resistance to osmotic pressure?

Cell wall

Bergey's Manual of _________ Bacteriology is used by microbiologists whose primary interest is identification of prokaryotes, while Bergey's Manual of _________ Bacteriology is used by those who are also interested in the evolutionary relationships of prokaryotes.

Determinative/Systematic

True or false: The gram-negative cell wall has more peptidoglycan than the gram-positive cell wall.

False

Which appendage provides the ability to attach to surfaces and other cells?

Fimbriae

Which two macromolecules are the major components of cell membranes?

Lipids Proteins

Gram-Positive Bacteria

Multi layers resulting in different colors

Which group of bacteria grows at very low temperatures?

Psychrophiles

What is the primary function of endospores?

Survival

Which is more impervious to the action of antimicrobial chemicals?

Typical gram-negative bacteria

The bacterial flagellum is composed of ______

a basal body, hook, and filament

Each of the following is found in all bacterial cells EXCEPT ______. Multiple choice question. a glycocalyx cytoplasm ribosomes a cytoplasmic membrane

a glycocalyx

The majority of bacterial cells have all of the following features EXCEPT ______. genetic material one or more chromosomes a nucleus a cell wall made of peptidoglygan

a nucleus

A cell membrane, ribosomes, chromosome(s), and cytoplasm are found in ______ bacterial cells.

all

Differences in the structure of the bacterial ______ account for the different results achieved with Gram stain.

cell wall

The cellular structure used by the Bergey's Manual of Determinative Bacteriology to classify bacteria into taxonomic divisions such as the Gracilicutes and Firmicutes is the

cell wall

During ______, bacterial cells move by flagellar motion in response to chemical signals.

chemotaxis

The intracellular gelatinous solution is referred to as ______.

cytoplasm

Water serves as a solvent for the contents of the cell, making up 70-80% of the internal gelatinous solution known as the ______.

cytoplasm

Nanotubes or nanowires are long extensions of the _____ that bacteria use as channels to transfer nutrients or electrons.

cytoplasmic membrane

Which of the following are part of the cell envelope, including components found in some but not all bacteria?

cytoplasmic membrane cell wall outer membrane

Dormant bodies produced by bacteria for survival rather than reproductive purposes are called

endospore

The bacterial cytoplasmic membrane is a ______ bilayer with________ embedded to varying degrees.

lipid proteins

The ability of a cell to move or self-propel through an aqueous environment is known as

motility

The ability to move is referred to as ______.

motility

To move away from a potentially harmful compound by flagellar motion is referred to as ____________ chemotaxis

negative

Nanotubes or nanowires are long extensions of the cytoplasmic membrane that bacteria use as channels to transfer ______.

nutrients or electrons

Gram-negative bacteria

only shows one layer, all the same color

The phospholipid bilayer that forms the most exterior layer in gram-negative bacteria is called the

outer membrane

Which term is used to describe the phospholipid barrier surrounding the peptidoglycan layer in Gram-negative bacteria?

outer membrane

The cell wall in bacteria is primarily composed of

peptidoglycan

The unique macromolecule found in the bacterial cell wall is called ______,

peptidoglycan

A major structural component of the bilayer in a cell membrane are ________, a type of lipids which comprise 30-40% of the membrane mass.

phospholipids

An appendage which forms a channel for the exchange of genetic material during bacterial conjugation is called a ______

pilus, pili, sex pilus, or conjugation pilus

Bacteria function as _____ organisms.

unicellular

Many bacteria function as independent ______ organisms

unicellular

The Gram stain differentiates bacteria based upon structural differences of the bacterial cell

wall

The structure that determines the shape of a bacterium and protects the cell from damage due to changes in osmotic pressure is the cell

wall

The cell envelope is composed of the cell _____ and the cell _____.

wall membrane