Microbio Exam Review 1 to pass

Glucose oxidation is completed and ATP, NADH, and FADH2 are formed A. In the Krebs Cycle B. In glycolysis C. As pyruvate is oxidized to acetyl-CoA D. At the electron transport chain

A. In the Krebs Cycle

Which compound is oxidized in the reaction shown below? A. Isocitric acid B. NAD+ C. NADH D. Ketoglutaric acid

A. Isocitric acid

Which of the following pairs among A-E is mismatched? A. Metachromatic granules - allows for aquatic bacteria to orient themselves in a magnetic field B. PHB inclusions - lipid inclusion: use as energy reserve C. Sulfur granules - sulfur oxidation product D. Gas vacuoles - flotation: depth adjustment E. Carboxysomes - found in some autotrophic bacteria F. None of A-E are mismatched; all are correctly matched

A. Metachromatic granules - allows for aquatic bacteria to orient themselves in a magnetic field

Glucose oxidation is completed and ATP, NADH, and FADH2 are formed: A. in the Krebs cycle B.in glycolysis C. as pyruvate is oxidized to acetyl-CoA D. at the electron transport chain

A. in the Krebs cycle

What would the three bacterial types described below all have in common? 1: A psychrophilic, alkalophilic, facultative anaerobe 2: a mesophilic, halophilic, aerotolerant anaerobe 3: a hyperthermophilic, acidophilic, obligate anaerobe A. They would all grow in high salt concentrations B. They would all be capable of growing in the absence of oxygen C. The ability to grow well under low pH conditions D. They would all be capable of growing in the presence of oxygen E. They would all be capable of growing at temperatures above 50 C

B. They would all be capable of growing in the absence of oxygen

Which of the following statement/statements among A-E regarding microbes is/are false? A. Opportunistic pathogens originate from your normal microbiota. B. Though they need a host to replicate, viruses are generally capable of taking in and metabolizing nutrients and life's activities. C. Methanogens, thermophiles, and halophiles comprise many members of the Archaea. D. The metabolic capabilities of Bacteria and Archaea have importance at all ecosystem levels. E. The classification of microbes into Domains revealed the existence of two distinct taxonomic groups of prokaryotes. F. Two of A-E are false.

B. Though they need a host to replicate, viruses are generally capable of taking in and metabolizing nutrients and life's activities.

A bacterial species that can grow when supplied H2 as an energy source, CO2 as a carbon source, and nitrate as ... A. A heterotroph B. A lithotroph (chemoautotroph) C. Anaerobic respiration D. Two of A-C are correct E. A, B, and C are correct

D. Two of A-C are correct

The choices below each list three groups of organisms.For which choice, do all three groups include members that fit the definition of a microbe? A. algae, fungi, animals B. animals, archaea, plants C. protozoans, bacteria, animals D. viruses, algae, archaea E. none of the above

D. viruses, algae, archaea

Which is false regarding catabolic processes? A. They release energy. B.T hey lead to the formation of smaller molecules from larger, complex molecules. C. They are coupled to (linked to) ATP formation reactions, i.e., ADP + P --> ATP. D.None are false; A-C are true statements.

D.None are false; A-C are true statements.

MacConkey's Agar is a growth medium used for the isolation of gram-negative enteric bacteria. It has the following: Peptone (pancreatic digest of gelatin), preteose peptone (meat and carbon), lactose monohydrate etc... Crystal violet and bile salts inhibit the growth of Gram-positive bacteria; neutral red is a pH indicator, and lactose is present to detect the presence of lactose fermenting bacteria. Based on this information and on the list of ingredients, determine which terms apply to this growth medium. A. It is a selective medium. B. It is a differential medium. C. It is a defined medium. D. It is a complex medium. E. Choices A and C are true. F. Choices A,B and C are true. G. Choices A and B are true. H. Choices A, B and D are true.

H. Choices A, B and D are true.

Most bacteria have a cell wall, thus they tend to have an interior that is ___________ relative to the outside environment in order to maintain cell shape and cellular integrity. A. Isotonic B. very low in solute molecule concentration C. Hypotonic D. Hypertonic E. Two of the above are correct

Hypertonic

Which compound is reduced in the reaction shown below? (see #4 on Quiz 2) A. isocitric acid B. NAD+ C. NADH D. ketoglutaric acid

B. NAD+

Match the terms with the correct description.Each choice is used only once. 1. Light absorbing structure containing photosynthetic pigments 2. Structure in some bacteria that provide it a type of movement 3. Feature of Gram-negative bacteria 4. Phosphate storage inclusions 5. The frequency of "tumbles" is greater than the frequency of "runs" 6. An axial filament provides the unique type of motion in them A. chromatophore B. magnetosome C. endotoxin D. metachromatic granules E. what happens in the absence of chemo- attractant F. what happens in the presence of chemo- attractant G. starch H. carboxysome I. mycolic acids J. spirochetes

1: A 2:B 3:C 4:D 5:E 6:J

Match the term to the proper definition or description.Choices are only used once. 1. Methanogens, thermophiles, and halophiles are members of this group 2. For use in reducing microbial numbers on living tissues 3. Can utilize completely inorganic chemicals for energy and growth. 4. Emerging infectious disease agent 5. Microbe whose size would likely be greater than 20 micrometers A. COVID-19 B. common cold virus C. protozoan D. Archaea E. antiseptic F. heterotroph G. E. coli bacterium H. lithotroph I. disinfectant

1:H 2:D 3:A 4:C 5:B

Which of the following statement/statements among A-E regarding microbes is/are true? A. The classification of microbes into Domains revealed the existence of two distinct taxonomic groups of prokaryotes. B. Archaea is a type of eukaryotic unicellular microorganism often found living in extreme conditions. C. Viruses are a type of prokaryotic cell that requires a host to replicate. D. All prokaryotes are generally considered microbes, but not all eukaryotes are considered microbes. E. Your own cells far outnumber those comprising your microbiome. F. Two of A-E are true. G. All of A-E are true.

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Polysome, or polyribosome, formation allows for ___________ in bacteria and occurs because_________. A.high production of protein from expressed genes; bacterial cells lack a nuclear membrane B. formation of a capsule; bacterial cells producea lot of sugar C. formation of a cell wall; bacterial cells require protection from the environment D. uptake of solutes from the environment; nutrients are required for growth

A.high production of protein from expressed genes; bacterial cells lack a nuclear membrane

The diagram shows the cell envelope of two bacterial types, A and B. Which one contains endotoxin activity if it were... A. Bacterium A B. Bacterium B C. Neither Bacterium A or Bacterium B D. Both Bacterium A and Bacterium B

B. Bacterium B

What did Robert Koch first accomplish that Louis Pasteur did not? A.Showed that biological agents (microbes) are responsible for the chemical transformations of fermentation. B. Experimentally proved the connection between microbes and disease. C. Disproved spontaneous generation (abiogenesis). D. Development of a vaccine for rabies. E. None of the above; Robert Koch do not accomplish any of these before Pasteur

B. Experimentally proved the connection between microbes and disease.

Fermentation is the same process as anaerobic respiration. A. True B. False

B. False

A-E represent different catabolic pathways that yield energy from the oxidation of an energy source. The electron donors ... A. Glucose -> O2 B. H2O - > NADP+ C. H2S -> NADP+ D. Glucose -> NO3- E. H2S -> O2

B. H2O - > NADP+

Which label is not correctly matched with its proper function or structure in the bacterium? A. Label D: performs rotary movement in either clockwise or counterclockwise direction B. Label B: nucleus C. Label C: a plasmid D. Label A: used for attachment E. Label F: a pilus F. All of the above are correct

B. Label B: nucleus

For many bacterial types this compound is an absolute requirement for growth, for others is may be toxic or can live with or without. A. Carbon B. O2 C. Sulfur D. Phosphorus E. Nitrogen

B. O2

An attenuated strain of a pathogenic bacteria or virus provided to a person... A. causes the full effects of the disease in the individual B. may prevent disease in the individual by later exposure to a more virulent form of the strain C. does not cause an immune reaction in the individual D. all of the above

B. may prevent disease in the individual by later exposure to a more virulent form of the strain

Which among A-D is FALSE statement: A. Water is the source of electrons for oxygenic photosynthesis B. Glycolysis supplies ATPs for fermentation C. CO2 becomes oxidized during the light-independent reactions D. Oxygen becomes reduced during cellular respiration E. None of A-D are false statements

C. CO2 becomes oxidized during the light-independent reactions

Which label is correctly matched with its proper function or structure? (picture of prokaryote #8 in quiz 1) A. Label D: involved in attachment to surfaces B. Label B: the nucleus C. Label C: a plasmid D. Label A: provide a rotary (propeller) type motion E. Label E: cytoplasmic membrane F. Two of the above are correct

C. Label C: a plasmid

Which of the following terms is not correctly defined? A. A motile bacterium moving in a completely random manner: likely producing more "tumbles" than "runs" with its ........ B. Potential virulence factor for pathogens: capsule, fimbriae, flagella C. Spirochete: has a corkscrew motion due to the action of numerous flagella surrounding the exterior of the cell. D. Commensalistic bacteria: generally these will not harm you

C. Spirochete: has a corkscrew motion due to the action of numerous flagella surrounding the exterior of the cell.

Referring to the diagram, which molecule would you use to define this as anaerobic respiration? (see google doc #29) A. molecule A B. molecule B C. structure C D. the presence of H+ molecules

C. structure C

Only one type of these would be found in a prokaryote cell. A. RNA B. Protein C. Ion D. Chromosome E. Carbohydrate

D. Chromosome

You add 10 g/L of a nutrient to a growing liquid culture of E.coli after 5 hours you observe that in response to the ... quantity of cell mass has doubled. The nutrients source of which element is the one you added that most likely yielded A. Phosphorus B. Sulfur C. Hydrogen D. Carbon E. Nitrogen

D. Carbon

Evidence for the endosymbiont theory comes from all the following except: A. the presence of DNA in mitochondria and chloroplasts B. the presence of ribosomes in mitochondria and chloroplasts C. mitochondria and chloroplasts are similar in size to prokaryotic cells D. mitochondria and chloroplasts are able to grow and divide on their own outside the cell

D. mitochondria and chloroplasts are able to grow and divide on their own outside the cell

The choices below each list three groups of organisms. For which choice do all three groups include members that are considered microbes as defined in the lecture? A. Bacteria, Fungi, animals B. Animals, archaea, viruses C. Protozoans, bacteria, liver cells D. Domain eukarya, archaea, bacteria E. None of the above

D. Domain eukarya, archaea, bacteria

What is false among A-E regarding glycolysis? A. It initially requires energy input in the form of ATP. B. It yields NADH and ATP C. It forms ATP via substrate level phosphorylation D. It requires a oxygen in order to be carried out E. It begins with glucose and ends with two molecules of pyruvate. F. None of A-E are false; all are true statements

D. It requires a oxygen in order to be carried out

Which is false among A-E regarding glycolysis? A. It initially requires energy$input in the form of ATP. B. It yields NADH and ATP. C. It forms ATP via substrate level phosphorylation. D. It requires a oxygen in order to be carried out. E. It begins with glucose and ends with two molecules of pyruvate. F. None of A-E are false; all are true statements.

D. It requires a oxygen in order to be carried out.

Evidence for the endosymbiont theory comes from all of the following except A. The presence of DNA in mitochondria and chloroplasts B. The presence of ribosomes in mitochondria and chloroplasts C. Mitochondria and chloroplasts are similar in size to prokaryotic cells D. Mitochondria and chloroplasts are able to grow and divide on their own outside the cell.

D. Mitochondria and chloroplasts are able to grow and divide on their own outside the cell.

Which is false regarding catabolic processes? A. They release energy B. They lead to the formation of smaller molecules from larger, complex molecules C. They are coupled to {linked to} ATP formation reactions, i.e., ADP P -> ATP. D. None are false: A-C are true statements

D. None are false: A-C are true statements

The growth phases of a bacterial culture are shown below. Which of the following statements among A-C pertaining to this growth curve is FALSE? (see #26 on google doc) A. New cells are forming at the same rate as cells that are dying: phase C B. Logarithmic changes in cell numbers: phases b and d C. inoculation of the medium immediately precedes this phase: phase A D. None are false; all the above statements are true.

D. None are false; all the above statements are true.

Which statement below among A - C is false concerning the Calvin-Benson cycle? A. If ribulose biphosphate carboxylase (rubisco) were absent from an autotroph then it would not be able to fix CO2 B. Light is not directly involved in the cycle. C.Ribulose Biphosphate (RuBP), the molecule that CO2 is attached ("fixed") to in the cycle, must continually be regenerated to maintain CO2 fixation. D. None of A - C is false

D. None of A - C is false

Which statement below among A-C is false concerning the calvin- benson cycle A. If ribulose biphosphate carboxylase (rubisco) were absent from an autotroph then it would not be to..... (it tcut off) B. Light is not directly involved in the cycle C.Ribulose biphosphate (RuBP) the molecule that CO2 is attached ("fixed")to in the cycle must continually maintain CO2 D. None of A-C is false

D. None of A-C is false

A cross-section of the boundary layer(s) covering each of the three bacterial cell types (A,B,C) is shown; the red curve in A, B, C represents the cytoplasmic membrane.Which of the following features listed in A-D below is not correctly matched with the proper cell type or cell types? (image that looks like earth layers) A. Teichoic acids found here : A B. Periplasmic lipoprotein found here: B C. Membrane phospholipids found here: A and B D. Membrane phospholipids found here: A and B E. A-D are all correctly matched

E. A-D are all correctly matched

Which is false regarding bacterial endospores? A. Forespore development precedes formation of a mature endospore B. Endospore-forming bacteria: Genus Bacillus and genus Clostridium C. Are highly resistant to heat, radiation, and chemical treatment D. Endospore formation is induced by chemical, physical, or nutritional stress. E. None of A-D is false.

E. None of A-D is false.

Which is false regarding bacterial endospores? A. Forespore development precedes formation of a mature endospore B. Endospore-forming bacteria: Genus Bacillus and Genus Clostridium C. Are highly resistant to heat, radiation, and chemical treatment D. Endospore formation is induced by chemical, physical, or nutritional stress. E. None of A-D is false.

E. None of A-D is false.

Regarding metabolic mechanisms that generate energy, which of the following statements among A-D is false? A. For respiration to function it requires a source of elections B. Respiration may occur in the absence or presence of oxygen depending on the bacterial type C. The election source source for respiration can be organic like glucose or a completely inorganic chemical ... D. Respiration relies on oxidative phosphorylation to produce most of its energy as ATP. E. None of A-D is false; all are correct

E. None of A-D is false; all are correct

Regarding metabolic mechanisms that generate energy, which of the following statements among A-D is false? A. For respiration to function it requires a source of electrons B. Respiration may occur in the absence or presence of oxygen depending on the bacterial type. C. The electron source source for respiration can be organic$like glucose or a completely inorganic chemical form. D. Respiration relies on oxidative phosphorylation to produce most of its energy as ATP. E. None of A-D is false; all are correct.

E. None of A-D is false; all are correct.

Various concentrations of the following: superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase, peroxidase, or some combination of these enzymes, would not be found in: A. A facultative anaerobe B. An aerotolerant anaerobe C. An obligate aerobe D. A microaerophile E. One or more of these enzymes would be found in all of the above.

E. One or more of these enzymes would be found in all of the above.

Which is true among A-E regarding the prokaryotic cell envelope? A. The envelope of Mycobacteria species does not contain any peptidoglycan. B. Gram-positive bacteria have an extra outer membrane. C. Teichoic acids are found only in a Gram-negative bacteria. D. O polysaccharide (O antigen) is only associated with a Gram-positive bacterium. E. There are bacterial types that completely lack a cell wall. F. None of A-E are true.

E. There are bacterial types that completely lack a cell wall

Normal microbiota provide protection from infection in each of the following ways EXCEPT A. They produce antibacterial chemicals. B. They compete with pathogens for nutrients. C. They make the chemical environment unsuitable for nonresident bacteria. D.They can change the pH of the environment. E. There are no exceptions, all the above are true.

E. There are no exceptions, all the above are true.

Which of A-D is a false statement? A. Antisepsis & disinfection are both sterilization processes. B. Using a live non-attenuated vaccine is a safer choice than using a live attenuated vaccine. C. There are bacterial autotrophs that do not require light for growth. D. Many emerging infectious diseases are zoonotic. E. Two of A-d is false

E. Two of A-d is false

Which of the following scenarios represents a situation where a suspected disease-causing microbe would no b... A. The microbe is found in all patients with a particular disease B. Some healthy individuals possess the microbe C. The microbe can be isolated and grown in pure culture D. The injection of the microbe into an animal host does not produce disease symptoms E. Two of the above

E. Two of the above