Microbio quiz 4 Ch 19

Influenza A viruses are named according to which of the following?

differing H and N spikes

Which of the following are first line defenses for the respiratory system?

sneezing coughing nasal hair ciliated epithelium mucus production

Rhinoviruses, coronaviruses, and adenoviruses are all major causes of which of the following?

the common cold

What must an organism be able to do to cause pneumonia?

Survive the immune defenses Penetrate the lower respiratory tract

Which cells are the first to mount an attack on the TB bacterium?

Alveolar macrophages

Which of the following are second and third line defenses for the respiratory system?

Alveolar macrophages Secretory IgA

What caused the decline of TB cases in the 1940s?

Discovery of streptomycin

The upper respiratory tract includes which of the following structures?

Sinuses Pharynx Larynx Epiglottis Oral cavity Nasal cavity

Vaccination against which of the following has been recommended as part of the childhood vaccination schedule to prevent the most common cause of acute otitis media?

Streptococcus pneumoniae

In addition to rhinoviruses, identify other viruses that are major causes of the common cold.

adenovirus respiratory syncytial virus coronavirus

Which main categories of microorganisms are known to cause pneumonia?

fungi bacteria viruses

The specific lines of defense in the respiratory tract include____in the alveoli and tonsils and specific____in the mucus.

macrophages, secretory IgA

Even though they are considered "normal" biota, which population of bacteria are frequently present in the upper respiratory system?

pathogenic

Although bacteria, fungi, and a wide variety of viruses can cause pneumonias, what do they have in common?

their ability to circumvent host defenses and survive in the lower respiratory tract

Cilia on the epithelium of the -----and----propel particles upward and out of the respiratory tract.

trachea and bronchi