Microbiology ch1. Part 1. Domains of life

inert

inactive

Helminths

parasitic worms

Types of Eukaryotes

protists, fungi, plants, animals

Bacteria

One of two prokaryotic domains, the other being archaea; unicellular microorganisms which have a cell wall but lack an organized nucleus and organelles, some may cause disease

Archaea

One of two prokaryotic domains, the other being bacteria; generically diverse microbes that inhabit hostile environments.

Algae

Plant-like protists; A highly diverse, predominantly aquatic group of eukaryotic microorganisms that contain chloroplasts which conduct photosynthesis. Algae form an essential base of the food web.

Viruses are obligatory intercellular parasites. What does this mean?

They do nothing until they enter a host

How are many helminths transmitted and where do they go?

Through soil into GI tract

Protozoa

animal-like protists; motile, eukaryotic heterotrophs that are usually unicellular. They may be free living or parasitic.

unicellular fungi

yeast

Which domains have circular chromosomes?

Archaea and bacteria

Which domains have flagella?

Archaea and bacteria

How does a virus reproduce?

Attaches to a host cell, objects DNA or RNA that takes over the cell's metabolism and creates More viruses

Which domain has RNA polymerase that is composed of FEWER than 10 subunits ?

Bacteria

Which domain has cell walls with peptidoglycan?

Bacteria

Which domain's translation is NOT initiated by methionine ?

Bacteria

Prokarya

cells that DO NOT contain a nucleus (Bacteria and Archaea)

Eukarya

Domain of all organisms whose cells have nuclei, including protists, plants, fungi, and animals

Characteristics of virus (8.)

1. Noncellular 2. Nonliving 3.nonmetabolic 4.unable to reproduce independently 5.contain DNA or RNA 6. Highly organized 7. Can evolve 8. Cannot function without host

Characteristics of archaea (8)

1. Prokaryotic 2. Extremophile 3. None cause disease 4. Circular chromosome 5. Flagella 6. Unicellular 7. Cell walls do not contain peptidoglycan 8. No organelles

Characteristics of bacteria (9)

1. Prokaryotic, 2. unicellular, 3. found in all habitats, 4. May have flagella, 5. no organelles 6. Many shapes 7. Circular chromosome 8.cell wall contains peptidoglycan 9. Some cause disease

3 examples of how microbes can be harmful to humans

1. Rhinovirus causes colds 2. Salmonella cause food poisoning 3. Toxic algae can cause respiratory and other health problems for humans and poison aquatic life which humans can in turn eat and become sick

3 examples of how microbes are helpful to humans

1. Yeast and bacteria help make bread, cheese, and beer 2. E. Coli bacteria in the intestines of humans aid in digestion 3.algae constitute a primary food source for aquatic animals which are eaten by humans

Which domains are prokaryotic?

Bacteria and Archaea

Which domains do not have organelles?

Bacteria and archaea

Which domains consist of single called organisms?

Bacteria and eukaryotes

3 domains of life

Bacteria, Archaea, Eukarya

Filament (fungi) example

Bread mold

Which domain consists of organisms with cells with a true nucleus?

Eukaryotes

What characteristics make viruses seem alive?

Highly organized and ability to evolve

Why is a virus not considered living?

It is not made of cells, it cannot reproduce independently, it contains either DNA or RNA, it is non metabolic

Characteristics of Helminths

Large macro parasites 2. Adults Can be seen with naked eye 3. Flat or round bodies 4. Multicellular 5. Eukaryotic

Complex Fungi example

Mushroom

Fungi

Nonmotile, eukaryotic heterotrophs that absorb nutrients from their surroundings.

Which 2 groups of eukaryotes are considered protists?

Protozoa and Algae