Microbiology- Chapter 1

The classifications of viruses

-not cellular -can only reproduce within a host, asexually -infectious particles

Recombinant DNA

DNA made from two different sources

Which of the following statements is false? A. All fungi have a nucleus B. All bacteria lack nuclear membranes. C. Viruses are acellular. D. All protozoa are unicellular. E. All fungi are multicellular

E. All fungi are multicellular

Part complete Self-replicating DNA used to transmit a gene from one organism to another is a: A. vector. B. library. C. PCR. D. clone. E. Southern blot.

A. vector

Which one of the following does NOT belong with the others? A.Bacteria B.Fungi C.Plants D. Protozoa

A.Bacteria

Helminth

A parasitic roundworm or flatworm

A multicellular organism that is classified as an animal is a(n): A. Helminth. B. Slime mold. C. Protist D. Fungus. E. Alga.

A. Helminth.

Part complete Which of the following are FALSE concerning microbes? A. The primary role of microbes on the planet involves causing disease in animals and humans. B. Microbes produce vitamins in the intestines. C. Microbes generate oxygen through photosynthesis. D. Microbes play a role in breaking down waste and decomposing dead organisms.

A. The primary role of microbes on the planet involves causing disease in animals and humans

How do restriction enzymes cut DNA sequences? A. They cut DNA at sites, called recognition sites, that have specific nucleotide sequences. B. They cut DNA at sequences that have lots of adenine bases. C. They have the ability to cut DNA randomly.

A. They cut DNA at sites, called recognition sites, that have specific nucleotide sequences.

Microorganisms are essential to our life. Each of the following is an example of a beneficial function of microorganisms EXCEPT: A. increased number of illnesses. B. alternative fuel production. C. bioremediation. D. gene therapy. E. agriculture.

A. increased number of illnesses.

Which of the following is an example of recombinant DNA technology? A. Bacterial degradation of a dead animal B. Bacterial production of human insulin C. Bacterial production of vinegar D. Bacterial production of French bread E. Bacterial production of yogurt

B. Bacterial production of human insulin

Which of the following attaches the target gene to a desired location? A. Plasmids B. DNA ligase C. Restriction enzymes D. Chromosomal DNA

B. DNA ligase

Why would a recombinant DNA molecule be inserted into a host cell? A. Plasmids cannot be isolated outside of a host cell. B. It can be copied, transcribed, and translated into a desired protein. C. Restriction enzymes can only be used inside of a cell. D. It can protect the recombinant DNA.

B. It can be copied, transcribed, and translated into a desired protein.

The term used to describe a disease-causing microorganism is: A. microbe. B. pathogen. C. virus. D. bacterium. E. infection.

B. Pathogen

In general, how might recombinant DNA technology be used to prevent a genetic disorder caused by a mutation in a single gene? A. To insert a desirable gene B. To insert a desirable gene, remove an undesirable gene, or replace a defective gene with a functioning gene C. To replace a defective gene with a working gene D. To remove an undesirable gene

B. To insert a desirable gene, remove an undesirable gene, or replace a defective gene with a functioning gene

All pathogens known to infect humans have been identified at this point in time. A. true B. false

B. false

The two domains of prokaryotic cells:

Bacteria and Archaea

An agent that reproduces in cells but is NOT composed of cells is a(n) A. Fungus. B. Bacterium. C. Virus. D. Helminth. E. Alga.

C. Virus.

A prokaryotic cell may possess each of the following cellular components EXCEPT: A. a cell wall. B. ribosomes. C. a nucleus. D. flagella. E. a cell membrane.

C. a nucleus

Which of the following is NOT a domain in the three-domain system? A. eukarya B. bacterica C.animalia D. archaea

C. animalia

Restriction enzymes are: A. bacterial enzymes that splice DNA. B. viral enzymes that destroy host DNA. C. bacterial enzymes that destroy phage DNA. D. animal enzymes that splice RNA.

C. bacterial enzymes that destroy phage DNA.

Biotechnology involves the: A.) use of microorganisms to make desired products and the use of animal cells to make vaccines. B.) development of disease-resistant crop plants. C.) use of microorganisms to make desired products, the use of animal cells to make vaccines, and the development of disease-resistant crop plants. D.) use of animal cells to make vaccines. E.) use of microorganisms to make desired products.

C.) use of microorganisms to make desired products, the use of animal cells to make vaccines, and the development of disease-resistant crop plants.

The formal system for classifying and naming organisms was developed by: A. Ignaz Semmelweis. B. Robert Koch. C. Aristotle. D. Carolus Linnaeus. E. Louis Pasteur.

D. Carolus Linnaeus.

Which of the following statements about recombinant DNA technology is FALSE? A. It allows researchers to make many copies of a gene of interest. B. It can be used to screen individuals for many different types of genetic diseases. C. It allows researchers to make protein products of a gene. D. It has limited application because genes of interest cannot be moved from one type of cell to another.

D. It has limited application because genes of interest cannot be moved from one type of cell to another.

Recombinant DNA technology has become an increasingly important part of our life. It is used for all of the following EXCEPT: A. drug production. B. vaccine production. C. enhancing food longevity. D. synthesis of water. E. increasing the nutritional value of food

D. synthesis of water.

Viruses are not considered living organisms because they: A. are typically associated with disease. B. are structurally very simple. C. can only be visualized using an electron microscope. D. are ubiquitous in nature. E. cannot reproduce by themselves.

E. cannot reproduce by themselves.

Two major cell types:

Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic

Bioremediation

The process whereby organisms are used to help clean pollution created by humans

Molecular biology

the study of how DNA directs protein synthesis

Microbial genetics

the study of how microbes inherit traits