Microbiology Week 1
The World Health Organization (WHO) estimates that there are about how many infections of all types across the world every year? 10 billion 1 billion 1 million 100 million
10 billion
`Prokaryotic organisms have been around for about how long? 3.5 Billion years 1.5 Billion years 3.5 Million years 1.5 Million years
3.5 billion years
Antonie van Leeuwenhoek designed single-lens microscopes that could magnify a specimen up to how many times? 300 10 1000 100 3000 30
300
Virus
Acellular particle
An endosymbiont refers to:
An organism that lives inside of another organism in a mutualistic relationship
Who was the first to use a single-lens microscope and observe "animalcules" in collected rainwater and in the plaque scraped from teeth? Joseph Lister Robert Koch Antonie van Leeuwenhoek Louis Pasteur Ignaz Semmelweis
Antonie van Leeuwenhoek
Which of the following are prokaryotic microorganisms? Algae Yeasts Viruses Archaea Bacteria
Archaea Bacteria
Robert Koch demonstrated in 1875 that blank is the causative agent of anthrax.
Bacillus anthracis
Which microbes do not have a true nucleus? Algae Yeast Protozoa Bacteria
Bacteria
Which two of the following groups of organisms arguably play the greatest role in biological decomposition? Bacteria Fungi Fish Mammals Plants
Bacteria Fungi
The major types of microorganisms or agents include which of the following? Bacteria Animals Fungi Protozoa Viruses Algae Plants
Bacteria Fungi Protozoa Viruses Algae
Which of the following processes is the decomposition of harmful chemicals by microbes? Fermentation Pasteurization Bioremediation
Bioremediation
The cell envelope includes which of the following cell structures:
Cell membrane and cell wall
All cells that are capable of replication and metabolism contain which of the following characteristics?
Chromosomes Ribosomes Cell membrane
Grouping organisms based on their evolutionary relationships is the process of __________, which is part of taxonomy.
Classification
Hierarchy
Classification scheme organized in descending ranks
Eukaryote
Contains a membrane-bound nucleus and organelles
is the breakdown of dead matter and wastes into simple compounds that can be directed back into the natural cycle of living things.
Decomposition
Microbes are involved in the flow of which of the following? Toxins Energy Water Sunlight
Energy
Which cell type is generally larger in size? Eukaryotic cells Prokaryotic cells Archaeal cells
Eukaryotic cells
True or false: If two microbes are in the same family, they must be the same species.
False
Which scientist discovered heat-resistant endospores? Ignaz Semmelweis Louis Pasteur Joseph Lister Robert Koch Ferdinand Cohn
Ferdinand Cohn
Taxonomy
Formal system for organizing, classifying, and naming living things
Mycology is the study of:
Fungi
Microbiology involves the study of microscopic organisms or agents, including which of the following? Fungi Fleas Bacteria Viruses Protozoa Helminths
Fungi Bacteria Viruses Protozoa Helminths
What technology involves the deliberate modification of the genetic structure of an organism to create novel products? Genetic engineering Organic agriculture PCR DNA fingerprinting
Genetic engineering
What technology involves the deliberate modification of the genetic structure of an organism to create novel products? PCR DNA fingerprinting Genetic engineering Organic agriculture
Genetic engineering
Which group of microorganisms includes the parasitic worms? Algae Helminths Protozoa Viruses
Helminths
All members of a family belong to which of the following levels of classification? Genus Kingdom Species
Kingdom
Prokaryote
Lacks a membrane-bound nucleus and organelles
Who first promoted the use of disinfecting agents in surgical operating rooms? Van Leeuwenhoek Koch Lister Semmelweis
Lister
Phycology is the study of:
Microalgae
is a specialized area of biology that deals with living things ordinarily too small to be seen without magnification.
Microbiology
Chemotaxis refers to:
Movement of a microorganism in response to a chemical stimulus
Which physician observed that women who gave birth at home had fewer infections that did mothers who gave birth in hospital? Ferdinand Cohn Louis Pasteur Robert Koch Oliver Wendell Holmes
Oliver Wendell Holmes
Small, membrane-bound components found inside of a eukaryotic cell, such as mitochondria and lysosomes, are referred to as which of the following? Systems Organelles Nuclei Organs
Organelles
In the field of Microbiology, the term Biogenesis refers to:
Origin of living cells
Mad cow disease and Creutzfeld-Jakob disease are caused by which of the following? Protozoa Bacteria Viruses Prions
Prion
Which type of cell does not contain organelles, such as mitochondria or a nucleus? Human Plant Prokaryotic Eukaryotic
Prokaryotic
Which type of microorganism lacks a membrane-bound nucleus and most membrane-bound organelles?
Prokaryotic
Which microbes have a true nucleus? Archaea Protists Virus Yeast Prion
Protists Yeast
Which of the following microorganisms are made up of eukaryotic cells? Protozoans Helminths Viruses Archaea Bacteria Fungi
Protozoans Helminths Fungi
blank DNA technology is used to switch genetic material from one organism to another in order to produce desirable proteins.
Recombinant
Phylogeny
Relatedness between groups of living things
Binomial nomenclature
Scientific name consisting of genus and species
Which of the following is true regarding scientific names? The first letter of the genus and species names should be capitalized.. Genus names may be abbreviated when they are first used. Scientific names are italicized in printed documents
Scientific names are italicized in printed documents
Which scientist established a connection between infections in the maternity ward and physicians with unwashed hands coming directly from autopsies? Koch van Leeuwenhoek Semmelweis Lister
Semmelweis
Which event helped establish the science of microbiology? The organization of life into taxonomic hierarchies The development of the microscope The discovery of DNA
The development of the microscope
True or false: Microorganisms are found in all natural habitats, such as deep beneath the polar ice caps and hot springs, as well as, in most artificial habitats including toxic waste dumps.
True
Which term is not used to describe microscopic organisms? Microorganisms Vertebrates Microbes Germs Bugs
Vertebrates
The common cold and AIDS are caused by which type of microbe? Viruses Protozoa Fungi Bacteria
Viruses
Which of the following is not able to replicate on its own? Protozoa Helminths Viruses Archaea
Viruses
blank and blank are microbes that live in complex associations with plants to assist them in obtaining water and nutrients.
bacteria and fungi
Certain microbes can break down heavy metals and pesticides contaminating soils by a process called
bioremediation
The DNA of an organism is organized into discrete bodies called
chromosomes
Eukaryotic cells evolved from prokaryotic cells through the process of
endosymbiosis
"Greenhouse blank" such as carbon dioxide and blank are produced by microbes.
gases and methane
For the microbe, Escherichia coli, Escherichia represents the blank level of classification
genus
Work by Robert Koch and other scientists to show that human diseases could arise from infection led to the blank theory of disease.
germ
Which term defines the organism in/on which smaller organisms (or viruses) live, feed, and reproduce? Parasite Virus Host Pathogen
host
blank diseases, caused by microorganisms, are among the most common causes of death in much of the world's population.
infectious
Prion
infectious protein
The unit of measurement for most bacterial cells is ______ and most viruses is ______.
micrometers; nanometers
is any small, membrane-bound component found inside of an eukaryotic cell.
organelle
A microbial pathogen is considered a(n) blank because it derives benefits from its host and harms its host in the process
parasite
Which of the following derives benefits from its host and harms its host in the process. Parasite Symbiont Commensals Microorganism
parasite
A(n) blank is the term used for any infectious agent that causes disease, such as parasites, bacteria, and viruses.
pathogen
In general, disease-causing organisms are referred to as which of the following? Pathogens Bacteria Animacules Microorganisms
pathogens
Joseph Lister typically used the disinfectant, blank prior to performing surgery.
phenol
Microorganisms account for about 50% of the earth's (blank) which is the process that converts light energy from the sun into organic molecules for food.
photosynthesis
Koch's Blank are a series of proofs that establish whether is pathogenic and which disease it causes.
postulates
Proteinaceous infectious particles are called
prions
Which microbial agents are not classified under the Woese system? Prions Bacteria Parasitic worms Viruses
prions viruses
Viral particles are usually blank (larger/smaller) than prokaryotic cells.
smaller
a blank environment is free of actively growing cells, microorganisms, viruses or endospores.
sterile
The term 'Chemotherapy' refers to:
using chemicals to treat diseases