Microbiology Week 1

The World Health Organization (WHO) estimates that there are about how many infections of all types across the world every year? 10 billion 1 billion 1 million 100 million

10 billion

`Prokaryotic organisms have been around for about how long? 3.5 Billion years 1.5 Billion years 3.5 Million years 1.5 Million years

3.5 billion years

Antonie van Leeuwenhoek designed single-lens microscopes that could magnify a specimen up to how many times? 300 10 1000 100 3000 30

300

Virus

Acellular particle

An endosymbiont refers to:

An organism that lives inside of another organism in a mutualistic relationship

Who was the first to use a single-lens microscope and observe "animalcules" in collected rainwater and in the plaque scraped from teeth? Joseph Lister Robert Koch Antonie van Leeuwenhoek Louis Pasteur Ignaz Semmelweis

Antonie van Leeuwenhoek

Which of the following are prokaryotic microorganisms? Algae Yeasts Viruses Archaea Bacteria

Archaea Bacteria

Robert Koch demonstrated in 1875 that blank is the causative agent of anthrax.

Bacillus anthracis

Which microbes do not have a true nucleus? Algae Yeast Protozoa Bacteria

Bacteria

Which two of the following groups of organisms arguably play the greatest role in biological decomposition? Bacteria Fungi Fish Mammals Plants

Bacteria Fungi

The major types of microorganisms or agents include which of the following? Bacteria Animals Fungi Protozoa Viruses Algae Plants

Bacteria Fungi Protozoa Viruses Algae

Which of the following processes is the decomposition of harmful chemicals by microbes? Fermentation Pasteurization Bioremediation

Bioremediation

The cell envelope includes which of the following cell structures:

Cell membrane and cell wall

All cells that are capable of replication and metabolism contain which of the following characteristics?

Chromosomes Ribosomes Cell membrane

Grouping organisms based on their evolutionary relationships is the process of __________, which is part of taxonomy.

Classification

Hierarchy

Classification scheme organized in descending ranks

Eukaryote

Contains a membrane-bound nucleus and organelles

is the breakdown of dead matter and wastes into simple compounds that can be directed back into the natural cycle of living things.

Decomposition

Microbes are involved in the flow of which of the following? Toxins Energy Water Sunlight

Energy

Which cell type is generally larger in size? Eukaryotic cells Prokaryotic cells Archaeal cells

Eukaryotic cells

True or false: If two microbes are in the same family, they must be the same species.

False

Which scientist discovered heat-resistant endospores? Ignaz Semmelweis Louis Pasteur Joseph Lister Robert Koch Ferdinand Cohn

Ferdinand Cohn

Taxonomy

Formal system for organizing, classifying, and naming living things

Mycology is the study of:

Fungi

Microbiology involves the study of microscopic organisms or agents, including which of the following? Fungi Fleas Bacteria Viruses Protozoa Helminths

Fungi Bacteria Viruses Protozoa Helminths

What technology involves the deliberate modification of the genetic structure of an organism to create novel products? Genetic engineering Organic agriculture PCR DNA fingerprinting

Genetic engineering

What technology involves the deliberate modification of the genetic structure of an organism to create novel products? PCR DNA fingerprinting Genetic engineering Organic agriculture

Genetic engineering

Which group of microorganisms includes the parasitic worms? Algae Helminths Protozoa Viruses

Helminths

All members of a family belong to which of the following levels of classification? Genus Kingdom Species

Kingdom

Prokaryote

Lacks a membrane-bound nucleus and organelles

Who first promoted the use of disinfecting agents in surgical operating rooms? Van Leeuwenhoek Koch Lister Semmelweis

Lister

Phycology is the study of:

Microalgae

is a specialized area of biology that deals with living things ordinarily too small to be seen without magnification.

Microbiology

Chemotaxis refers to:

Movement of a microorganism in response to a chemical stimulus

Which physician observed that women who gave birth at home had fewer infections that did mothers who gave birth in hospital? Ferdinand Cohn Louis Pasteur Robert Koch Oliver Wendell Holmes

Oliver Wendell Holmes

Small, membrane-bound components found inside of a eukaryotic cell, such as mitochondria and lysosomes, are referred to as which of the following? Systems Organelles Nuclei Organs

Organelles

In the field of Microbiology, the term Biogenesis refers to:

Origin of living cells

Mad cow disease and Creutzfeld-Jakob disease are caused by which of the following? Protozoa Bacteria Viruses Prions

Prion

Which type of cell does not contain organelles, such as mitochondria or a nucleus? Human Plant Prokaryotic Eukaryotic

Prokaryotic

Which type of microorganism lacks a membrane-bound nucleus and most membrane-bound organelles?

Prokaryotic

Which microbes have a true nucleus? Archaea Protists Virus Yeast Prion

Protists Yeast

Which of the following microorganisms are made up of eukaryotic cells? Protozoans Helminths Viruses Archaea Bacteria Fungi

Protozoans Helminths Fungi

blank DNA technology is used to switch genetic material from one organism to another in order to produce desirable proteins.

Recombinant

Phylogeny

Relatedness between groups of living things

Binomial nomenclature

Scientific name consisting of genus and species

Which of the following is true regarding scientific names? The first letter of the genus and species names should be capitalized.. Genus names may be abbreviated when they are first used. Scientific names are italicized in printed documents

Scientific names are italicized in printed documents

Which scientist established a connection between infections in the maternity ward and physicians with unwashed hands coming directly from autopsies? Koch van Leeuwenhoek Semmelweis Lister

Semmelweis

Which event helped establish the science of microbiology? The organization of life into taxonomic hierarchies The development of the microscope The discovery of DNA

The development of the microscope

True or false: Microorganisms are found in all natural habitats, such as deep beneath the polar ice caps and hot springs, as well as, in most artificial habitats including toxic waste dumps.

True

Which term is not used to describe microscopic organisms? Microorganisms Vertebrates Microbes Germs Bugs

Vertebrates

The common cold and AIDS are caused by which type of microbe? Viruses Protozoa Fungi Bacteria

Viruses

Which of the following is not able to replicate on its own? Protozoa Helminths Viruses Archaea

Viruses

blank and blank are microbes that live in complex associations with plants to assist them in obtaining water and nutrients.

bacteria and fungi

Certain microbes can break down heavy metals and pesticides contaminating soils by a process called

bioremediation

The DNA of an organism is organized into discrete bodies called

chromosomes

Eukaryotic cells evolved from prokaryotic cells through the process of

endosymbiosis

"Greenhouse blank" such as carbon dioxide and blank are produced by microbes.

gases and methane

For the microbe, Escherichia coli, Escherichia represents the blank level of classification

genus

Work by Robert Koch and other scientists to show that human diseases could arise from infection led to the blank theory of disease.

germ

Which term defines the organism in/on which smaller organisms (or viruses) live, feed, and reproduce? Parasite Virus Host Pathogen

host

blank diseases, caused by microorganisms, are among the most common causes of death in much of the world's population.

infectious

Prion

infectious protein

The unit of measurement for most bacterial cells is ______ and most viruses is ______.

micrometers; nanometers

is any small, membrane-bound component found inside of an eukaryotic cell.

organelle

A microbial pathogen is considered a(n) blank because it derives benefits from its host and harms its host in the process

parasite

Which of the following derives benefits from its host and harms its host in the process. Parasite Symbiont Commensals Microorganism

parasite

A(n) blank is the term used for any infectious agent that causes disease, such as parasites, bacteria, and viruses.

pathogen

In general, disease-causing organisms are referred to as which of the following? Pathogens Bacteria Animacules Microorganisms

pathogens

Joseph Lister typically used the disinfectant, blank prior to performing surgery.

phenol

Microorganisms account for about 50% of the earth's (blank) which is the process that converts light energy from the sun into organic molecules for food.

photosynthesis

Koch's Blank are a series of proofs that establish whether is pathogenic and which disease it causes.

postulates

Proteinaceous infectious particles are called

prions

Which microbial agents are not classified under the Woese system? Prions Bacteria Parasitic worms Viruses

prions viruses

Viral particles are usually blank (larger/smaller) than prokaryotic cells.

smaller

a blank environment is free of actively growing cells, microorganisms, viruses or endospores.

sterile

The term 'Chemotherapy' refers to:

using chemicals to treat diseases