mid term

The primary health-care provider, while examining the test report of a client, finds that the client is producing foul-smelling sputum with a cough. This sign is accompanied by chills, fever, and chest pain. Which treatments should be prescribed by the primary health-care provider? Select all that apply.

Antibiotic therapy Surgical intervention Bronchoscopy

Arrange in order the mechanism of the occurrence of edema in a client suffering from acute glomerulonephritis (A-F). (Enter the letter of each step in the proper sequence; do not use commas or spaces.)

Antigen enters the body and stimulates antibody synthesis. The antigen-antibody complexes damage the structure of the glomeruli. Hyperpermeability of the capillaries occurs. Loss of albumin and RBC's in the urine takes place. Diminished COP occurs throughout the body. The low colloid oncontic pressure (COP) is overcome by hydrostatic pressure.

Which statement about the pathophysiology of lower urinary tract infections is true?

Any obstruction of urinary outflow decreases the bladder's resistance to bacterial infection.

A client presents to the emergency room with reports of severe back pain described as a ripping sensation. Further assessment reveals a different blood pressure in the right arm than in the left arm and pallor and tachycardia. Which condition should a nurse suspect?

Aortic dissection

A left ventricular impulse is seen through the chest wall of a client. On palpation, a diastolic thrill is palpated along the left sternal border and a systolic thrill is palpable in the jugular notch. To which pathological condition could these symptoms be attributed?

Aortic valve deficiency

Which condition would likely be the cause of a new heart murmur in an older adult client?

Aortic valve sclerosis

A genetically programmed cell death is a process that can destroy cells that are no longer needed. What is the best method to do this?

Apoptosis

A bedridden client has frequent gastrointestinal reflux. Which condition might the client develop due to gastrointestinal reflux?

Aspiration pneumonia

A nurse is providing care for a client, who is on bed rest due to immobility. Which measure does the nurse adopt in order to counteract the ill effects of immobility?

Assess the client's skin for erythema

Which clinical criteria should the physician follow to analyze pain? Select all that apply.

Assess the history of the client. Listen to the clients complaint of pain. Assess the pain.

A nurse is reviewing a client's cardiac rhythm in an electrocardiogram and notes that the reading shows that the P wave and PR interval are absent. Which condition does the nurse interpret from this result?

Atrial fibrillation

A client comes to the hospital with petechiae. The complete blood count report shows a decrease in the platelet count. What should the nurse include in the plan of care based on the information?

Avoid invasive procedures

Arrange the stages of the pathophysiology of mitral valve insufficiency in the proper order. (Enter the number of each stage in the proper sequence; do not use commas or spaces.)

Backflow of blood to the coronary arteries. Less blood is pumped into the aorta. Diminished blood flow to the coronary arteries. The client suffers from a myocardial ischemia.

A client presents with episodic headache associated with muscular tightness in the neck and shoulders. The client is given a diagnosis of tension headaches based on which symptom?

Bandlike pain sensation in the head.

While conducting an endoscopic examination on a client, it is found that the client has acid reflex. Which condition is associated with the gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) in which cell injury is reversible?

Barrett's esophagus

Which is the most common cause of urinary obstruction in men older than 60 years of age?

Benign prostate hyperplasia

A client comes in with persistently uncontrolled hypertension. The nurse informs the client's spouse that one of the consequences of prolonged raised blood pressure is a weakened area in the wall of the cerebral artery, located on the Circle of Willis. What is this condition known as?

Berry aneurysm

The complete blood count with differential of a client who complains of weakness shows the following. Red blood cells 3.2 cells x 106 Hemoglobin 9 g/dL Hematocrit 35% Mean corpuscular value 75 Hemoglobin A 0% Hemoglobin F 80% Hemoglobin A2 10% Which red blood cell disorder has the client developed?

Beta thalassemia

A client, an Ashkenazi Jew, presents with complaints of fever and lymphadenopathy. The client also has a protuberant abdomen. What finding would lead to a diagnosis of Niemann Pick disease?

Biochemical assay

A 65-year-old client is diagnosed with aplastic anemia. Which condition should the nurse monitor primarily in the client?

Bleeding diathesis

Hyperventilation of the lungs increases

Blood pH

Which arterial blood gas value is necessary to identify if a condition is compensated or uncompensated?

Blood pH

A client has frequent premature ventricular contractions. Which factor should be the priority assessment by the nurse?

Blood pressure and oxygen saturation

Arrange the symptoms in the proper order to describe the pathophysiology of varicose veins (A-D). (Enter the number of each step in the proper sequence; do not use commas or spaces.)

Blood stagnation and pooling in the lower extremities. Pressure on the valves. Damaged valves. Compromised venous return.

Which part of the body produces white blood cells?

Bone marrow

How is Gaucher disease treated? Select all that apply.

Bone marrow transplantation Enzyme replacement therapy

Which factor does the nurse identify to be responsible for potentially lower urinary tract infections (UTIs) in young men?

Both A and B (Lack of circumcision Anal intercourse)

Which observation is associated with the nonulcerative type of interstitial cystitis (IC)?

Both A and B (Thinning of the bladder mucosa Hemorrhages on the bladder wall when the bladder is distended)

Which statement is true regarding the bacteria that frequently cause lower urinary tract infections (UTIs)? Select all that apply.

Both A and D (Proteus mirabilus causes 70% to 95% of upper and lower urinary tract infections. Urease-producing bacterium enhance formation of the struvite staghorn calculi in the kidneys.)

Which symptom is related to tuberculosis (TB)?

Both B and C (Night sweats Hemoptysis)

A nurse is caring for an older adult with a urinary tract infection (UTI). A spinal injury has necessitated the long-term use of an indwelling urinary catheter in this client. Which is the most likely complication that the nurse would anticipate in this client?

Both B and D (Urosepsis Bladder cancer)

Which situation makes an individual susceptible to developing a lower urinary tract infection (UTI)?

Both C and D (Vesicoureteral reflux Urease-secreting bacterium)

How does the drug heparin compare to the drug warfarin? Select all that apply.

Both heparin and warfarin are based on partial thromboplastin time (aPTT) value which requires 30 to 45 seconds. Both heparin and warfarin are administered intravenously or subcutaneously. Both heparin and warfarin take same amount of time to reach therapeutic levels.

Which organ is most susceptible to damage and death due to prolonged ischemia?

Brain

What is the physiological change that occurs in stage 5 of the sleep cycle?

Breathing becomes rapid

While examining a client, the primary health-care provider finds that the client has symptoms that include cough, fever, and sore throat, and general malaise. Physical assessment findings include mucus production and rhonchi. Which treatment should the primary health-care provider administer to the client?

Bronchodilator and antibiotics

A 60-year-old client is seen at the clinic with skin inflammation. There is dusky discoloration around the ankle and in the lower leg of the client. What might be the cause of this condition?

Buildup of hemosiderin

A client with scleroderma complains of painful ulcers on the knees. Which condition has the client?

Calcinosis

Which substance can reduce the body's response to cardiac drugs?

Calcium

Arrange in order the steps that lead to the formation of a kidney stone according to the second theory of the formation of renal calculi (A-E). (Enter the letter of each step in the proper sequence; do not use commas or spaces.)

Calcium phosphate deposits in the renal papilla. Calcium phosphate compound collects layers of collagenous material and cellular debris. Randall plaque forms within the subepithelial membrane. The plaque collects layers of crystalline elements to become a calculus. The calculus erodes through the urothelium of the renal pelvis.

The nurse uses Homan's sign to assess a client for the presence of deep venous thromboembolism (DVT). Pain in what area is an indication of positive Homan's sign?

Calf

A client is diagnosed with cellular apoptosis. Which disease can this condition lead to?

Cancer

A client who has diabetes is diagnosed with high blood pressure. Which is the preferred medication for the client?

Captopril

Which statement best differentiates cardiac afterload from cardiac preload?

Cardiac afterload is the amount of resistance that the ventricle must overcome.

Which statements are true regarding cardiac contractility? Select all that apply.

Cardiac contractility is the ability of the myocardium to stretch and contract. The contractility can also be influenced by preload. The heart's workload increases as afterload increases.

A client presents with chest pain. The pain has not reduced, even after administering three nitroglycerine tablets within 10 minutes. Which diagnostic test should the primary health-care provider recommend to confirm that the client has developed myocardial infarction?

Cardiac troponin test

A client presents with thrombocytopenia and bony fractures. A scan reveals splenomegaly. How would a diagnosis of Gaucher disease be made in the client?

Cellular analysis

A hiker experiences muscle pain and acidosis as he or she ascends a mountain during a long, steep climb. What is the reason for these symptoms?

Cellular hypoxia

Which structures are found in microtubules? Select all that apply.

Centrioles Mitotic spindle

A client complains of pain in the neck that radiates down the right arm with numbness in the fingers. What would the client most likely be checked for?

Cervical radiculpathy

A client, who is on prolonged bed rest, has developed kidney stones. Which factor could have caused kidney stones?

Change in the levels of parathyroid hormone

A client presents with excessive salivation and hepatic dysfunction. A diagnosis of Wilson disease is made through liver biopsy and urine copper levels. What are the treatment options available for the client? Select all that apply.

Chelating agents Liver transplant

A client presents with lethargy and muscle flaccidity. The client's family members report cognitive impairment in the client. What finding would the nurse look for if Tay Sachs disease is suspected?

Cherry-red spot on the retina on opthalmologic examination

Familial hypercholesterolemia is a genetic disorder characterized by high cholesterol level. Which statement is true regarding the condition?

Children are at risk for early acute myocardial infarction

How is chronic heart failure different from acute heart failure?

Chronic heart failure gradually develops over a long period of time

A 50-year-old client worked in the radiation department of a hospital for 6 years. He reports weakness and fatigue. The complete blood report of the client is documented. White blood cells 25,600 cells/µL Red blood cells 3.11million cells/µL Hemoglobin 8.9 grams/dL Platelet 130,000/µL White blood cell count 150,000 /µL Blasts 75% Lymphocytes 20% Segs 2% Based on these findings, what condition should the nurse suspect?

Chronic myelogenous leukemia

A 40-year-old client experiences problems such as sleeplessness, fear, irritability, anxiety, and stress. The client has pain that lasts longer than 6 months. Which type of pain can be diagnosed from the symptoms?

Chronic pain

A client works as a sales associate in a garment outlet and has to stand for the duration of each work shift. Clinical examination reveals a presence of a dusky discoloration around the ankle, instep, and lower leg. What condition do these findings indicate?

Chronic venous insufficiency

The cellular organelle responsible for propelling mucous and inhaled debris out of the lungs is

Cilia

A client reports fullness of the stomach, fatigue, nausea, vomiting, and abdominal bloating. The client is diagnosed with stomach cancer. Which medication does the nurse expect the primary health-care provider to prescribe?

Cisplatin

Which area of the body should a nurse focus on when palpating the thoracic cage of a client when assessing for any pulmonary disease? Select all that apply.

Clavicles Ribs

A nurse is assessing the sleep history of different clients for obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). Which signs could indicate that the client has OSA?

Client 1: Excessive daytimes sleepiness, snoring, and repetitive pauses in breathing during sleep.

A nurse is reviewing the ankle-brachial index of four clients who are suspected of having peripheral artery disease (PAD). Which client has developed moderate PAD?

Client 1: 0.6

A nurse is assessing four clients for deep vein thromboembolism (DVT). Which client is at a risk of developing DVT?

Client 1: Elevated 2

The nurse is assessing four clients who are suspected to have systemic lupus erythematosus. Which client has developed the disease? Client 1: Fever, butterfly rash on face, and joint inflammation. Client 2: Fever, swollen joints, and general malaise. Client 3: Erythema nodosum, weight loss, and fever. Client 4: Hypothermia, elevated red blood cell count, and weight gain.

Client 1: Fever, butterfly rash on face, and joint inflammation.

A nurse is reviewing the prescriptions of four clients. Asses the effects of the medication prescribed and the identify the client who is most likely being treated for chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis. Client 1: Ketoconazole Client 2: Codeine Client 3: Amoxicillin Client 4: Acyclovir

Client 1: Ketoconazole

A nurse is reviewing the prescriptions of four clients who are being treated for chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis. Compare the effects of the medications and choose the medication that is least effective in treating chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis (CMC). Client 1: Itraconazole Client 2: Amorolfine Client 3: Fulconazole Client 4: Amphotericin B

Client 2: Amorolfine

A nurse is reviewing a prescriptions of four clients in the hospital. Compare the effects of the medications prescribed to the clients and identify the client who is most likely being treated for systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Client 1: Amoxicillin, vancomycinm Imodium Client 2: Hydrocortisone, hydroxychloroquine, methotrexate Client 3: Cyclophosphamide, mycophenolate, infliximab Client 4: Codeine, ibuprofen, naproxen

Client 2: Hydrocortisone, hydroxychloroquine, mothotrexate

A nurse is reviewing the prescription records of four clients being treated for deep vein thromboembolism (DVT). Which client needs a prothrombin time lab test to monitor the therapeutic effects of the drug?

Client 2: Warfarin

A nurse is recording the blood pressure of four clients. Which client's blood pressure indicates that the client has orthostatic hypotension?

Client 3: 14/90 mm Hg while lying and 130/80 mm Hg upon standing up

A nurse is caring for four clients with heart disease in the intensive care unit. One of the clients has been diagnosed with decreased calcium availability. Which client is administered a drug to increase calcium availability?

Client 3: Milrinone

A nurse is reviewing the prescription of four clients. Which client is being treated for Takayasu arteritis?

Client 3: Prednisone and etanercept

How is stage C heart failure different from other stages of heart failure, according to the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association classification?

Clients may have current or prior symptoms of heart failure

A nurse observes that a client has developed a foul odor in the spots where necrosis of tissue has developed. What organism causes the emission of this foul odor?

Clostridium perfringens

A client complains of headaches during morning hours and sleep, and also rhinorrhea and tearing of the eye. Which type of headache is likely to be diagnosed for the client?

Cluster headache

A nurse is assessing a client diagnosed with secondary pulmonary hypertension. The increase in the pulmonary artery pressure has led to the client's elevated pulmonary venous pressure. Which condition does the nurse predict to occur in the client?

Collagen vascular disease

Arterial blood gas values of a client are documented by the nurse. Blood pH 7.37 Partial pressure of carbon dioxide 47 mm Hg Partial pressure of oxygen 85 mm Hg Bicarbonate concentration 26 mEq/L Oxygen saturation 87% Which condition has the client developed?

Compensated respiratory acidosis

A client presents a colicky type of flank pain that radiates into the groin. On assessment, the nurse finds edema and distention of the renal pelvis in the client, caused by the build-up of urine. Which conditions is the client at a risk of developing if he or she continues to suffer from edema and distention of the renal pelvis for a prolonged period of time? Select all that apply.

Compression of the kidney tissue Ischemia

Which diagnostic procedure provides details on the size and location of an aneurysm?

Computed tomography (CT) scan

A nurse instructor is teaching a group of student nurses about obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). Which treatment, according to the nurse, should be most appropriate to keep the airways from closing?

Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP)

Which clinical manifestation is observed in a client who has an abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) rupture?

Cool extremities

A primary health-care provider finds that a client is suffering from symptoms such as jugular venous distension, ascites, hepatomegaly, and ankle or sacral edema. What condition does the health-care provider interpret from this situation?

Cor pulmonale

What is the characteristic clinical manifestation of Wilson disease?

Corneal Kayser-Fleischer rings

A client is diagnosed with allergic rhinitis. Which medication should the primary health-care provider prescribe as a treatment?

Cortiocsteroid anti-inflammatory nasal spray

Various test results of a 55-year-old client indicate right ventricular backward failure, jugular venous distention, and ascites. The client also has hepatomegaly and splenomegaly. What are the other signs and symptoms of right ventricular failure that could lead the physician to confirm the condition? Select all that apply.

Cough Dyspnea Orthopnea

The complete blood count report of client, the enlarged lymph nodes, and epistaxis indicate that the client has developed acute lymphocytis leukemia. What could be the reason for the occurrence of epistaxis in the client?

Crowding of platelets by the blast cells

Which is a physical assessment finding of respiratory acidosis?

Cyanosis

Which type of renal calculi is caused by a genetic disorder associated with the faulty metabolism of an amino acid?

Cystine stones

Which condition leads to increased reticulocyte count in blood?

Excess blood loss from the body

Which is the process of coughing up sputum?

Expectoration

Which fluid is found at the capillary-cell interface fluid compartment that is found inside the capillary?

Extracellular fluid

A client presents with a greater than 3-month history of widespread aches and pains. The client also points to several tender locations. On further questioning, the client mentions disturbed sleep and feeling fatigued. Which is the likely diagnosis for the client?

Fibromyalgia

Two clients are admitted into a health-care unit for clotting-related conditions. One of the clients is prescribed with the drug fondaparinux; whereas, the other client is prescribed dabigatran. How is fondaparinux different from dabigatran?

Fondaparinux is a parenteral form of anticoagulant

A client has developed microcytic hypochromic anemia. Which dietary intervention should the nurse provide the client?

Foods rich in iron

Similar to sickle cell anemia, which other genetic disorder offers protection against malaria?

G6PD deficiency

A nurse is explaining about the advantages and disadvantages of gastric banding surgery to a client who is scheduled for the procedure. Which statements made by the nurse with regard to the advantages and disadvantages of gastric banding surgery are correct? Select all that apply.

Gastric banding surgery promotes weight loss by limiting the amount of food that can be consumed and producing early satiety. Gastric banding surgery may cause vomiting. Gastric banding surgery carries the risk of rapid gastric emptying.

A 40-year-old client has a body mass index (BMI) of 45. The client wants to undergo gastric bypass surgery. Which statements of the nurse would justify the advantages of the surgery? Select all that apply.

Gastric bypass surgery limits the volume of food consumed to one-half to 1 ounce. Gastric bypass surgery is done by surgically reconstructing the upper portion of the stomach. Gastric bypass surgery alters the ability of the stomach and small bowel to absorb calories and nutrients.

Which substance is transported to the cells by facilitated transport?

Glucose

What is the process in which glucose is used to create energy?

Glyclysis

Where does the conversion of a prohormone into a hormone take place?

Golgi Apparatus

Individuals with which tissue types are at high risk for developing Goodpasture's syndrome in the kidney and lungs?

HLA-DR2

A client is diagnosed with failure of the thyroid gland due to increase in apoptotic cell death. Which condition is the client most likely to have?

Hashimoto's thyroiditis

An adult client is diagnosed with Marfan syndrome after presenting with joint pain and weakness or numbness in the legs. What other clinical finding would be a treatment priority for this client?

Heart valve problems

A 10-year-old client is brought to the hospital with complaints of bloody diarrhea. The client was learning to swim. The vital signs of the client show a body temperature of 101°F and blood pressure of 125/85 mm Hg. With which condition might the client be diagnosed?

Hemolytic-uremic syndrome

A client presents to the hospital with difficulty in speaking, excessive salivation, and ataxia. What finding would lead to a diagnosis of Wilson disease?

Hepatic dysfunction

A health-care provider is evaluating the urine and blood test reports of a client with a muscular body structure. Which observations are most likely to indicate that the client is suffering from renal impairment? Select all that apply.

High amounts of leukocyte esterase Decreased creatinine clearance

A client reports abdominal pain, fever, and fatigue. On assessment, the client is diagnosed with hemolytic-uremic syndrome. Which abnormal diagnostic test result could further confirm the diagnosis?

High blood urea nitrogen

Which is a characteristic of secondary polycythemia?

High erythropoietin level

A client presents with a specific type of renal calculi that is not widely prevalent. The nurse knows that this client has been undergoing chemotherapy as part of his or her treatment for cancer. Which is an associated characteristic of the type of renal calculi that is most likely to be present in this client?

High purine levels in the bloodstream

The complete blood count report of a 45-year-old client, who reports an unintended weight loss, is documented. Hemoglobin 9.5 grams/dL White blood cells 15,000 grams/dL Albumin 3.0 grams/dL Lymphocytes 500/mL Which condition has the client developed?

Hodgkin's lymphoma

A client has an abnormal thickening of the lining of the uterus due to an increase in estrogen levels. How can such a condition be reversed?

Hormone therapy to counteract the effects of excessive estrogen

Which is the most common condition associated with the formation of renal calculi?

Hyperabsorption of calcium and oxalate from the gastrointestinal tract

Which condition is caused by an increase in the amount of potassium in the blood?

Hyperkalemia

A 35-year-old client presents with colicky pain. When seeking a diagnosis, which conditions are likely to be causing the pain in the client? Select all that apply.

Hyperperistalsis Muscular spasm Cholecystitis

A client reports an itchy, bumpy scar around an old wound that is identified as a keloid. This occurs due to the increase in the number of cells in a tissue or organ. Which term best describes this condition?

Hyperplasia

Arrange in order the changes that occur in the kidneys during polycystic kidney disease (A-G). (Enter the letter of each step in the proper sequence; do not use commas or spaces.)

Hyperplasia of renal epithelial cells occurs. An outpocketing of the nephron tubule walls takes place. Glomeular filtrate accumulates in cysts. The cysts develop blood vessels. Blood leaks into the cysts. The cystic walls stretch causing excrutiating pain. Gross hematuria occurs.

A nurse has been assessing a client who has been working as a butcher for an extensive period. The client had a prolonged and intense exposure to inhaled organic dust in the form of animal protein. What disorder, according to the nurse, can affect the client the most?

Hypersensitivity pneumonitis

A client is found to have a disproportionately enlarged interventricular septum with an eccentrically hypertrophied left ventricle. Which condition would be indicated in the client?

Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy

The increase in size of a weightlifter's muscles is due to muscular

Hypertrophy

Which condition would a nurse expect in a client with polycythemia vera?

Hyperuricemia

Which condition causes pseudohypocalcemia?

Hypoalbuminemia

A client has increased serum phosphorus levels. Which condition related to hyperphosphatemia would the nurse expect to find in the client?

Hypocalcemia

Which condition is associated with diminished levels of partial pressure of carbon dioxide?

Hypocapnea

A 55 year old hypervolemic client has headache, muscle cramps, vomiting, and looks confused. Which condition has the client developed?

Hyponatriemia

Which conditions increase the hemoglobin affinity for oxygen? Select all that apply.

Hypothermia Alkalosis

A client is diagnosed with obesity as a secondary effect. Which disorder could possibly be caused by obesity? Select all that apply.

Hypothyroidism Polycystic ovarian syndrome Cushing's syndrome

Which IV fluids should be avoided for a client with cerebral edema?

Hypotonic solution

A client is diagnosed with a condition in which the brain cells cannot withstand low oxygen delivery long enough for cell reversible changes to happen. Identify the condition.

Hypoxia

A nurse is preparing a client for a central venous catheter insertion. Which condition during the operating procedure should the nurse be most alert of?

Iatrogenic pneumonothorax

After assessing the recent chest x-rays of a client, a nurse finds nodules and honeycomb lung patterns. On assessing the client's previous chest x-ray report, the nurse finds diffused "ground glass" markings in the lower lung fields. What condition can the nurse infer from these observations?

Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis

A 27 year old client is pregnant. The blood group of the client and the fetus are incompatible. Which antibodies produced by the mother against the fetus's blood cells do not affect the fetus?

IgM

Which is the predominant immunoglobulin produces after a host's re-exposure to an antigen?

Immunoglobulin G (IgG)

What is the effect of physical activity on gastrointestinal system?

Improves peristaltic movement

How does oxidative stress occur?

In cells that undergo transient ischemia and subsequent resumption of circulation

How is high-output failure different from low-output failure?

In high-output failure, the heart can weaken and the ventricle can fail

How is systolic dysfunction different from diastolic dysfunction?

In systolic dysfunction, the ventricle has difficulty ejecting blood out of the chamber

What is the result of decreased cardiac output in a client, who is on prolonged bed rest?

Increase in heart rate

What happens when nitric-oxide dependent vasodilation occurs in the coronary arteries?

Increase in myocardial perfusion

A client is on prolonged bed rest. What are the psychological changes the client would exhibit? Select all that apply.

Increased anxiety Increased mood swings Altered tactile responses

Depression is common in clients with chronic pain. Identify the signs and symptoms than can be observed in a client with depression. Select all that apply.

Increased appetite Restricted activity levels Chronic fatigue

A client is suffering from prolonged ischemia and tissue death. Which term can be used to refer to such tissue death?

Infarction

A 30-year-old client who presents with symptoms of redness, heat, and pain in the joints undergoes a complete blood count test. The blood report shows an increased white blood cell count. Which condition does this indicate?

Inflammation

Arrange the pathophysiological changes involved in a pulmonary embolism (A-D). (Enter the number of each step in the proper sequence; do not use commas or spaces.)

Inflammation and thrombus form in the vein. The thrombus becomes an embolus and travels into the inferior vena cava. The thrombus travels into the right side of the heart. The thrombus then enters the pulmonary artery.

Some forms of complex regional pain syndrome have no causes, and in some cases there are precipitating factors. What is the precipitating factor of complex regional pain syndrome?

Injury and surgery

Gene therapy is an experimental technique that uses genes to treat or prevent disease. What are some of the characteristics of gene therapy? Select all that apply.

Insertion of normal gene. Used to treat or prevent any disease. Insertion of a 47th artificial chromosome into the target cells.

Which is a risk factor for hypertension?

Insufficient vitamin D in the diet

A client comes to the hospital with reports of chest pain due to lymphoma. Reports show that the lymphoma cells have a rapid growth, but are curable. How would this lymphoma be classified?

Intermittent-grade lymphoma

A client presents to the hospital with complaints of chest pain. The complete blood count report of the client shows the following. Red blood cells 3.0 cells x 106 Hemoglobin 10 g/dL Hematocrit 35% Mean corpuscular value 70 Mean corpuscular hemoglobin 25 Which condition has the client developed?

Iron-deficient anemia

A client visits a primary health-care provider and complains of pain. The primary health-care provider diagnoses the pain as neuropathic pain. Which are the symptoms of neuropathic pain? Select all that apply.

Is often acute and chronic. Is burning, tingling, and shooting sensation. Leads to conditions such as postherpetic neuralgias and spinal nerve radiculopathy.

Which event needs to be ruled out in a client who has a longstanding history of mitral valve stenosis and presents with tachycardia, an irregular pulse, and left-sided weakness?

Ischemic stroke

Low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) is a class of anticoagulant medications. Which is a characteristic of low molecular weight heparin?

It can be administered subcutaneously

A client is on digitalis and the lab results show that a client is hypokalemic. What effect could hypokalemia have on the drug administered?

It can cause digitalis toxicity

Which statements are true regarding the final pathway in the coagulation cascade? Select all that apply.

It converts fibrinogen to fibrin. It stores vitamin K in fatty tissue. It converts thrombin into prothrombin.

Tetracycline antibiotic was given to a 30 year old client with Chlamydia infection. What is the mechanism of action of the drug?

It interferes with the function of bacterial ribosomes

Which statements are true with regard to liposuction? Select all that apply.

It is a cosmetic procedure. It is associated with high mortality rates. It promotes weight loss by limiting the amount of food that the client consumes.

Which steps are necessary to identify the severity of pain in a client? Select all that apply.

It is necessary to ask if the pain is aching, throbbing, or stabbing. It is necessary to ask the client for a number to describe the severity of pain. It is necessary to ask about the associated symptoms such as depression.

Amniocentesis is a medical procedure that can give physicians essential information about the fetus. Which statements are true regarding amniocentesis? Select all that apply.

It is used to diagnose fetal chromosome problems. It is used to study the fetal chromosomes. It is used to detect fetal disorders by inserting a thin needle through the mother's abdomen into the amniotic sac.

A nurse is caring for a 50-year-old client with symptoms of trouble in speaking, sudden numbness, and weakness of the face. The client is diagnosed with a stroke. A physician orders thrombolytic therapy. How is thrombolytic therapy effective to treat the condition? Select all that apply.

It is used to dissolve the clot. It is used to reestablish blood flow. It is used to convert plasminogen to plasmin.

How does primary thrombocytosis differ from secondary thrombocytosis?

It occurs in the bone marrow

Which statements are true regarding intradiscal electrothermal therapy (IDET)? Select all that apply.

It uses heat to modify the nerve fibers of a spinal disc. It uses a wire called an elcectrothermal catheter that is placed through an incision into the spinal disc.

Which specific sign or symptom indicates that a client is suffering from varicose veins?

Itching and aching lower leg muscles

A client is to undergo gastric bypass surgery. Which part of the intestine should be cut to connect to the newly-created pouch in the superior portion of the stomach?

Jejunum

What is an example of eustress (positive feeling)?

Job promotion

A child who has a fever of 103°F and diarrhea is admitted to the hospital. The parents state that the child has poor oral intake and has joint pain. The diagnostic test report shows that the child has an elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) and a high platelet count. Which condition has the child probably developed?

Kawasaki disease

What condition is developed due to metabolic acidosis with an elevated anion gap?

Ketoacidosis

Which diagnostic procedures are used for the detection of interstitial cystitis (IC) in females? Select all that apply.

Laparoscopy Urodynamic studies Hysteroscopy

How should a nurse document a client's heart murmur that begins just before S2 and ends at S2?

Late systolic

What is the other name for white blood cells?

Leukocytes

On reviewing the blood reports of a client who presents with a fever, the nurse finds that the white blood cell count is 13000/microliter. What term should the nurse use when documenting this finding?

Leukocytosis

A client with an infection was brought to the hospital. The complete blood count with differential report shows a white blood cell count of 3000/uL. Which condition has the client developed?

Leukopenia

The nurse is reviewing the complete blood count of a client who presents with a fever. It shows that the white blood cell count is 3,000/microliter. What should the nurse use when documenting this finding?

Leukopenia

What factor would contribute to a client having a high hemoglobin count?

Living at high altitudes

Marfan syndrome is an inherited connective tissue disorder. What are the signs and symptoms that can lead a physician to diagnose a client with Marfan syndrome? Select all that apply.

Low back pain Visual problems Burning sensation

Which pulmonary condition is caused by infiltration of bacteria, resulting in a localized area of purulent inflammation, tissue necrosis, and central area of liquefaction?

Lung abscess

A 2-year-old client has been brought to the hospital with a fever. The complete blood count report shows a lymphocyte count of 10,000/microliter, eosinophil count of 1%, and neutrophil count of 2%. What condition has the client developed?

Lymphocytosis

Which deficiency causes Tay-Sach's disease?

Lysosomal enzymes

Which white blood cells are the first responders in defense against antigens?

Macrophages

A child with sickle cell anemia experiences vaso-occlusive episodes. Which is the primary nursing objective while caring for the child?

Managing pain

A primary health-care provider is assessing a client who is a minor and has been constantly exposed to silica. What immediate test does a nurse expect the primary health-care provider to carry on the client for detecting tuberculosis (TB)?

Mantoux test

Which is an inherited connective-tissue disorder?

Marfan syndrome

A nurse is caring for a client who has undergone cardiac surgery. What is the best method to assess the client's fluid loss or gain?

Measuring body weight and vital signs every day.

A nurse is assessing a client who has been working in the paint factory for an extensive period. The client has been constantly exposed to mineral crystals in the form of asbestos. The client has been a chain smoker as well. What prevalent disease, according to the nurse, is the client prone to?

Mesothelioma

Which acts as a blue print for the construction of proteins?

Messenger RNA

A comatose client's blood pH is 7.1, partial pressure of carbon dioxide is 16 mm Hg, and bicarbonate concentration is 5 mEq/L. Which acid-base imbalance has the client developed?

Metabolic acidosis

An unconscious client is brought to the hospital. The client's arterial blood gases show a pH greater than 7.45 and a bicarbonate level of 36 mEq/L. Which acid-base imbalance has the client developed?

Metabolic alkalosis

A 39-year-old client complains that he/she feels tired all the time. The client has tachycardia and is pale. The complete blood count with differential reports shows the hemoglobin count as 10 g/dL and the mean corpuscular volume as 75 femoliters. Which condition has the client developed?

Microcrytic hypochromic anemia

Which statements regarding the microtubules are true? Select all that apply.

Microtubles are composed of tubulin. Microtubules comprise of centrioles and mitotic spindle.

Which cell organelles are believed to have once been self-sustaining and independent?

Mitochondria

A client presents with paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea (PND) and chest pain. On auscultation, the client is found to have a holosystolic murmur at the fifth intercostal space in the left sternal border. Which condition would warrant the client to undergo an echocardiogram for validation of the disease?

Mitral valve insufficiency

A client presents with dyspnea, cough, fatigue, and orthopnea. On auscultation, there is an opening snap, and a diastolic murmur heard at the fifth intercostal space in the left sternal border. The client undergoes an echocardiogram to validate a pathologic condition. Which pathologic condition would the client most likely have?

Mitral valve stenosis

An 85-year-old client comes to the hospital and reports severe back pain. The client's blood report shows IgA concentration of 2 grams/deciliter and plasma cells of 8% in the bone marrow. The client does not show symptoms of anemia or hypercalcemia. Based on these findings, what should the nurse suspect?

Monoclonalgammopathy of undetermined significance

Which specialized cellular mechanism comprises ciliated pseudocolumnar epithelial cells and goblet cells?

Mucociliary apparatus

A nurse is assessing a client with pericarditis. Which assessment findings indicate pericarditis? Select all that apply.

Muffled or distant heart sounds Pericardial friction rub Dyspnea

Which are the features of A-delta fibers? Select all that apply.

Myelinated Small in diameter

A 65-year-old client undergoes chemotherapy for treating cancer. A complete blood count report after chemotherapy shows red blood cells -3.02 million cells/microliter, white blood cells -3,200 cells/microliter, and platelets -100,000/microliter. What disorder does the nurse suspect in the client?

Myelodysplastic syndrome

A client presents with chest pain that has not been relieved by nitroglycerin medication. A review of the client's medical record shows that the client has type 2 diabetes. The blood pressure of the client is 150/90 mm Hg. Which condition has the client developed?

Myocardial infarction

Which cells are known as granular lymphocytes?

Natural Killer cells

The DNA is a polymer of

Neucleotides

A nurse is reviewing complete blood count of a client who presents with an infection. It shows that the white blood cell count is 9000/microliter, neutrophil count is 8500, leukocyte count is 4000, eosiniphil count is 600/microliter, and basophil is 1%. What should the nurse use when documenting this finding?

Neutrophilia

The complete blood count report of a client with a high fever as a result of infection is documented. Red blood cells 4.50 million cells/µL White blood cells 10,000 cells/ µL Neutrophils 2,500 cells/µL Basophils 50 cells/µL Eosinophils 150 cells/µL Platelets 350,000/ µL Based on these findings, what condition should the nurse suspect?

Neutrophilia

Which is an example of passive acquired adaptive immunity?

Newborns receiving immunity through breast milk

A client has a pigmented rash on the sun-exposed areas of the client's skin. Which nutrients deficiency results in this condition?

Niacin

Which is a potent vasodilator produced by vascular endothelial cells?

Nitric oxide

A client presents with complaints of difficulty breathing and looks pale. The client experiences excessive perspiration and his or her electrocardiogram shows an irregular rhythm. Which other finding will indicate that the client may have developed myocardial infarction?

Nitroglycerin did not relieve the pain, even after taking three doses.

Which heart condition increases the demand for myocardial oxygen?

None of the above (Stable heart rate decreased muscle mass decreased systemic blood pressure)

What are the unique histological findings that represent distinct disease processes?

None of the above. (Pathognomonic changes)

What is the process by which the body responds to nonpharmacological treatments to relieve pain?

Nonpharmalogical treatments activate the body's own endorphines and enkephalins.

Which is the cell's "master mind"?

Nucleus

A client reports excessive pain in the hips, knees, and joints. Which condition could be the root cause for the development of these symptoms?

Obesity

Which condition is also known as hypoventilation syndrome?

Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA)

A client visits a health-care unit with acute immune thrombocytopenic purpura. Which is a unique feature of acute immune thrombocytopenic purpura?

Occurs in children

Chorionic villus sampling is performed during pregnancy. What are the characteristics of chorionic villus sampling? Select all that apply.

Offered in an inherited genetic problem is identified. Used to diagnose 99% of fetal chromosome abnormalities. Used to diagnose chromosome abnormalities and some inherited disorders.

A nurse is auscultating a client's heart sounds and notices a murmur. What would differentiate a heart murmur that is caused by mitral valve stenosis than one that is caused by other mitral valve disorders?

Opening snaps following a diastolic murmur

A five-year-old child presents with inguinal freckling and bowed legs. What clinical criteria can be used to further confirm the diagnosis of neurofibromatosis? Select all that apply.

Optic nerve tumor. Long-bone abnormalities. Irregularly shaped raised lesions appear over time in older children.

A client is running a high temperature and is found to have fluid volume deficit. Which signs and symptoms are likely to appear in the client because of fluid volume deficit? Select all that apply.

Orthostatic hypotention Poor skin turgor

A client has hypertension and elevated serum calcium concentration. Which condition is likely to occur in the client?

Osteopenia

Pain that is dull or aching and that occurs in certain parts of the body is referred to as deep somatic pain. Explain how somatic pain is different from other pain.

Pain that occurs from ligaments, tendons, and bones.

What change occurs as a result of hypoventilation?

Partial pressure of carbon dioxide increases

A client reports pain in the calf muscle while walking and exercising, but also reports that the pain is relieved by resting. Which medication would the physician prescribe to the client?

Pentoxifylline

A nurse is caring for a client who has aortic valve stenosis and has failed diuretic treatment. The client is not a candidate for surgery. What procedure will likely be prescribed for the client next?

Percutaneous aortic balloon valvuloplasty

A 19-year-old male client presents with rheumatoid arthritis. The client has a tall, lanky body, sparse facial hair. He complains of decreased physical endurance. How could a diagnosis of Klinefelter syndrome be confirmed in the client?

Perform genetic testing and hormone analysis

What is the best intervention for immediately lowering the platelet count to safer levels in a client diagnosed with severe life-threatening thrombocytosis?

Performing pheresis to remove whole blood from the donor

A nurse is caring for a client who feels tired and weak and reports shortness of breath and pink or purple spots on the skin. The client is diagnosed with thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura. Which is the most effective intervention for this client?

Performing plasmapheresis

Which are the clinical manifestations in clients with infective endocarditis? Select all that apply.

Petechiae Janeway lesions

What are the diagnostic tests used for peripheral venous disorders? Select all that apply.

Photoplethysmography Doppler ultrasonography Venography

A nurse is assessing a client with a short but thick neck circumference. Which form of cardiopulmonary disorder can the nurse suspect in the client?

Pickwickian syndrome

Prioritize the steps to accurately assess jugular venous pressure in a client experiencing heart failure. (Enter the number of each step in the proper sequence; do not use commas or spaces.)

Place the client on a bed with the head of the bed raised to a 45 degree to 60 degree angle. Place a centimeter ruler on the sternal angle of the client's chest. Check that the sternal angle is approx 5cm above the right atrium. Measure the distance from the sternal angle to the horizontal level of the distended neck veins.

Which statements are correct regarding platelets? Select all that apply.

Platelet formation is stimulated by the hormone thrombopoietin. Platelets spend one-third of their lives in the spleen. Platelet adhesion results in the activation of the gycoprotein.

Which blood component is developed from megakaryocytes?

Platelets

Which condition results in lung tissue filling up with fluid or pus, inflammatory cells, and fibrin?

Pneumonia

Which bacterium is responsible for pneumonia in a client with HIV infection?

Pneumonocystis jiroveci

A nurse suspects a client may have obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). What should the nurse utilize as a diagnostic tool to diagnose OSA?

Polysomnography

Prenatal diagnosis is testing for disease or conditions in a fetus. Which statements are true regarding prenatal diagnoses? Select all that apply.

Prenatal sex discernment. Early detection of birth defects. Identify disorders such as neutral tube defects and Down syndrome.

What are the characteristics of the ribonucleic acid? Select all that apply.

Presence of ribose pentose sugar. Presence of single stranded helix. Presence of uracil and cytosine as pyrimidine base.

A nurse is assessing a 28-year-old client who is a smoker and has inherited Marfan syndrome as a genetic disorder. The previous medical reports of the client do not suggest any evidence of an underlying lung disease. Which condition is possible in the client according to the nurse's prediction?

Primary spontaneous pneumothorax

Which lung condition is common in clients with a genetic disorder such as Marfan syndrome as well as frequent smokers?

Primary spontaneous pneumothorax

What defines translation in protein synthesis?

Process of protein synthesis from RNA

A client's serum magnesium level is 1 mg/dL. What are possible causes for this finding? Select all that apply.

Prolonged diarrhea Laxative abuse Liver failure

The nurse assesses a client for the presence of proteinuria. What observations indicate that the client is suffering from this condition? Select all that apply.

Protein excretion in urine of 200 mg/day. Foamy urine

A nurse is caring for a client who reports with severe bleeding. The primary health-care provider prescribes a diagnostic test that would measure the time taken for the blood to clot and examine the extrinsic pathway of coagulation cascade. Which diagnostic test does the nurse expect to be performed?

Prothrombin time test

What condition can develop from a deep venous thrombosis (DVT) if it is not caught and treated early enough?

Pulmonary embolism

What is a clot that has traveled to the pulmonary arterial circulation and caused obstruction of the arterial blood flow through the lungs known as?

Pulmonary embolism

Which test involves the continuous monitoring of the oxygen saturation of hemoglobin?

Pulse oximetry

Which is the most common type of vasculitis of small-sized arterioles?

Raynaud's disease

A client presents with symptoms of fibromyalgia. Which treatment option can be offered to the client?

Relieving and coping therapies

Which is the most common cause of erythropoietin deficiency?

Renal failure

A client who is taking his board exams is nervous and breathing heavily in the examination hall. Which acid-base imbalance has the client developed?

Respiratory acidosis

An elderly client is demonstrating lethargy, confusion, and a respiratory rate of 8 breaths per minute. The nurse sees that the last dose of medication administered through a client-controlled analgesic pump was within the last 30 minutes. Which acid-base disorder might the client have developed?

Respiratory acidosis

Which is an autoimmune disease?

Rheumatoid arthritis

A nurse is assessing a child with chronic asthma. Which microorganisms, according to the nurse, are responsible for causing asthma in the child? Select all that apply.

Rhinovirus Respiratory syncytial virus

Which is referred to as the protein factory of the cell?

Ribosome

A client's pulse oximetry reading is 100%; however, the hemoglobin level is 8.5 g/dL. The client's spouse asks the nurse what activities the client can safely carry out. Which activity would the nurse recommend?

Road Trip

A client's pulse oximetry reading is 100%; however, the hemoglobin level is 8.5 g/dL. The client's spouse asks the nurse what activities the client can safely carry out. Which activity would the nurse recommend?

Road trip

A client is diagnosed with a deficiency of ascorbic acid. Which disease could this condition lead to?

Scurvy

Which statement is related to gate control theory?

Sensation travels both to and from the brain.

A client has +3 pitting edema on the feet and also has ascites. What is the most important clinical feature to be monitored given this condition?

Serum albumin level

Which condition is called hypocalcemia?

Serum calcium less than 8.5 mg.dL

A woman who is planning to get pregnant is ordered to obtain an antibody screening test. The test shows negative IgM. What does the test result indicate about the client?

She needs to be given the rubella vaccine

In the prescription of a client, the nurse observes treatment involving decongestants, antihistamines, saline sprays, and heated mists. Which condition, according to the nurse, can be treated by these types of medications?

Sinusitis

The primary health-care provider orders decongestants for a client. Which condition may be present?

Sinusitis

While going through the physical assessment finding of a particular client, the primary health-care provider observes facial pain in the client. The client complains that the pain gets worse when he or she leans forward. What inference can the primary health-care provider draw from these findings?

Sinusitis

What gastrointestinal changes are seen in clients on bed rest? Select all that apply.

Slowed peristalsis Diminished appetite Decreased abdominal and pelvic muscle strength

What constitutes the net effects of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) of the kidneys? Select all that apply.

Sodium reabsorption Water reabsorption Potassium excretion

Which stage of sleep makes it difficult to wake someone?

Stage 3

Which type of calculi in the ureter is found most often in clients with spinal cord injuries?

Struvite

Which type of stone in the case of urolithiasis is associated with indwelling catheters?

Struvite

A client comes in with symptoms typical of a migraine attack. Which treatment option is the most apt for the client?

Sumatriptan

A client with hemolytic-uremic syndrome reports fever, abdominal pain, pale skin, bruising, and bleeding of the skin. Which medication or treatment will be beneficial for the client?

Supportive treatment with dialysis and plasma exchange

A client presents with symptoms of trigeminal neuralgia and wants the best pain management available. Which treatment will address the client's need?

Surgery

A client admitted with a lung abscess has developed an area of pulmonary tissue necrosis. What is the most appropriate treatment to manage this complication?

Surgical treatment

The nurse is treating a client who has the symptoms of pharyngeal erythema, lymphadenopathy, and rhinorrhea on physical examination. The inspiratory stridor of the client shows mucous obstruction within the trachea. Which would the nurse expect the primary health-care provider to prescribe or carry out? Select all that apply.

Symptomatology Mantoux tuberculin skin test

What are the clinical manifestations of aortic valve stenosis? Select all that apply.

Systolic ejection murmur Split S2

Which wave in the electrocardiogram represents ventricular repolarization?

T wave

Which are lysosomal storage disease? Select all that apply.

Tay Sachs disease Niemann-Pick disease Gaucher disease

A 55-year-old client reports severe headache, weight loss, fatigue, stiffness, and pain in the shoulders. Which condition has the client developed?

Temporal arteritis

A client's serum phosphorus level is 5.5 mg/dL. Which clinical manifestations would the clients exhibit?

Tetany and hypotension

Which statement regarding the sodium-potassium pump is correct?

The active transport involves pumping out three sodium ions and pumping in two potassium ions.

Prioritize the procedure employed to directly measure right heart pressures, using a catheter. (Enter the number of each step in the proper sequence; do not use commas or spaces.)

The catheter is connected to the tranducer. Insert the catheter into the larger vein. The catheter is threaded into the subclavian vein. The catheter is advanced into the inferior vena cava and right atrium.

Prioritize the procedure employed to directly measure the left heart pressures, using a catheter. (Enter the number of each step in the proper sequence; do not use commas or spaces.)

The catheter is inserted into the femoral artery. The catheter is advanced against the flow of blood into the aorta. The catheter is advanced into the left ventricle. The catheter is then used to measure the aortic pressure, systolic, and diastolic pressures.

A nurse is caring for a client who has been diagnosed with renal failure. Which mechanism of compensation for the acid-base disturbance does the nurse recognize in the client?

The client breathes rapidly to eliminate carbon dioxide

The nurse is assessing a client with suspected nephrolithiasis. Which factors would the nurse identify as possible causes for the disease? Select all that apply.

The client excretes excess uric acid in the urine. The client has a family history o renal calculi. The client suffers from hyperparathyroidism.

Heart failure is classified into four different stages by the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association. How is the condition of a client in stage B different from the condition of clients in other stages?

The client in B has a history of a previous myocardial infarction

After assessing a client's reports, a nurse finds that the client is suffering from wheezing, prolonged exhalations, and rhonchi. The client uses accessory muscles during breathing. As a treatment, the primary health-care provider prescribes bronchodilators and corticosteroids in the form of inhalers as treatment. What disorder can the nurse infer from the symptoms of the client and the treatment that has been provided to the client?

The client is suffering from asthma

While studying the vocal resonance in the client's physical assessment report, the nurse observes that the egophony, bronchophony, and whispered pectoriloquy are bringing out crackle in the client. Which condition can the nurse infer from the readings?

The client is suffering from pneumonia

A primary health-care provider finds a client complaining of chest pain, dyspnea, and an increased respiratory rate. On closer inspection, the chest expansion is found to be asymmetrical. On percussion, the primary health-care provider finds chest hyperresonance. What condition can the primary health-care provider interpret from this situation?

The client is suffering from pneumothorax or collapsed lungs.

A client 50 years of age is diagnosed with Class III (moderate) heart failure. How is Class III heart failure different from other classes of heart failure in the client, according to the New York Association of Classification of Heart Failure?

The client with Class III (moderate) heart failure will have symptoms such as fatigue, palpitations, or dyspnea while doing less than normal physical activities.

A nurse is caring for four clients with chest pain. Which client should be treated for infective endocarditis? Select all that apply.

The client with a dental implant The client with a pacemaker

How does the heart function when a client is diagnosed with heart failure?

The contractility and stroke volume decreases.

Which statements does the nurse identify as correct after contrasting peritoneal dialysis (PD) with hemodialysis and continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT)? Select all that apply.

The dwell time in PD is 4 hours. The process of draining and filling in PD takes about 30 to 40 minutes.

What is oncotic pressure?

The force exerted by albumin in the bloodstream.

A nurse is analyzing an arterial blood gas report of a client with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and respiratory acidosis. Which compensation mechanism is likely to occur?

The kidneys will retain bicarbonate

A nurse is engaged in maternal-child health care has a blood sample drawn for rubella antibody screening. The test results show very low titer values. Compare the nursing intervention stated and choose the best nursing intervention for the given situation.

The nurse should consult the physician and receive the rubella vaccine immediately.

Which factor provides DNA the unique molecular ability to replicate?

The precise pairing of the nitrogenous bases

While going through one of the client prescriptions, the nurse finds that the primary health-care provider has prescribed antihistamines and antipyretics. The nurse observes that a corticosteroid anti-inflammatory nasal spray has also been advised in the prescription. What condition can the nurse infer from the prescription?

The presciption provides medication for rhinitis.

A client with leukemia received chemotherapy 2 days ago and has subsequently developed acute renal failure. Which laboratory result should the nurse assess?

The release of high amounts of uric acid

At which intercostal space is auscultation of the pulmonic valve best heard?

The second intercostal space in the left sternal border

What does red blood cell distribution width indicate?

The variation in red blood cell size and width

Which field involves harvesting of embryonic stem cells and performing nuclear transfer on these cells?

Therapeutic cloning

Why is more energy produced when a person is exercising?

There is an increase in the production of mitochondria in the muscle cells.

What causes lymphomas?

They arise from abnormal proliferation of T lymphocytes

Which statements are true with regard to free fatty acids? Select all that apply.

They cause glucose intolerance They cause cirrhosis They are created through lipolysis

What are the characteristics of the afferent neurons? Select all that apply.

They enter the dorsal horn They carry pressure sensations into the spinal cord

Which statement is true regarding megakaryocytes?

They mature into platelets

Which nutrient deficiency causes beriberi?

Thiamine

While assessing the reports of a client, a nurse finds that there has been an abnormal collection of fluid within the pleural cavity. What remedy can the nurse infer about the condition based on the symptoms?

Thoractomy as well as a chest tube attached for suctioning

A 35-year-old male client with severe bleeding from an accident is brought to a hospital. The result of the complete blood count report shows red blood cells (RBCs) at 4.9 millions/microliter, white blood cells (WBCs) at 5,000/microliter, platelets at 80,000/microliter, and hemoglobin at 12 grams/deciliter. Which condition has the client developed?

Thrombocytopenia

While reviewing a client's medical history, a nurse understands that the client is at risk of bleeding because the client's platelet count is 80,000/uL. Which condition is this?

Thrombocytopenia

Where does maturation of T lymphocytes occur?

Thymus gland

What is the purpose of a Greenfield filter?

To prevent a blood clot from traveling

A client presents with dyspnea, exertional dyspnea, and exertional syncope. An echocardiogram shows a diminished left ventricular ejection fraction. What would be the reason for prescribing dobutamine to the client?

To reduce the risk of coagulation

A client comes to the clinic with dark red edema on the lower leg, with irregular margins of skin breakdown especially in the medial ankle region. The primary health-care provider diagnoses necrosis and tissue damage surrounding the affected area. What treatment would the nurse expect to be prescribed for this client?

Topical medications

Pain is an unpleasant sensation that is associated with disease. The process by which people experience pain occurs in four phases. Choose the first phase that converts painful stimuli into neuronal impulses.

Transduction

What is a supportive treatment for a client with disseminated intravascular coagulation?

Transfuse fresh frozen plasma

Which is the most prevalent method to replace permanently injured tissues and organs?

Transplantation

Which components of the serum level should be measured to confirm myocardial infarction? Select all that apply.

Troponin Lysosomal enzyme CPKmb

Which unique respiratory infection is caused by a resilient bacterial organism that can remain dormant in the body?

Tuberculosis (TB)

What is the outermost layer of the walls of a vein?

Tunica adventitia

A nurse hears a bruit while assessing the carotid artery of a client. What could be the reason behind the bruit?

Turbulent blood flow in the artery

A client develops an erythematosus rash on the hands two days after working in the garden. What type of hypersensitivity reaction has the client developed?

Type IV delayed

Which body part contains pluripotent stem cells?

Umbilical cord

A client who is unconscious due to drug toxicity is brought to the emergency room. The client's vital signs include a body temperature of 97.8ºF, pulse rate of 90 beats/minute, respiratory rate of 12 breaths/minute, and blood pressure of 100/70 mm Hg. The arterial blood gas values of the client are also documented. Blood pH 7.29 Partial pressure of carbon dioxide 32 mm Hg Partial pressure of oxygen 95 mm Hg Bicarbonate concentration 17 mEq/L Oxygen saturation 98% Which condition has the client developed?

Uncompensated metabolic acidosis

A client suffering from an asthma attack is brought to the emergency department. The client's body temperature is 98.4ºF, pulse rate is 110 beats/minute, respiratory rate is 24 shallow breaths/minute, and the blood pressure is 136/86 mm Hg. Arterial blood gas values are also documented. Blood pH 7.30 Partial pressure of carbon dioxide 58 mm Hg Partial pressure of oxygen 88 mm Hg Bicarbonate concentration 29 mEq/L Oxygen saturation 88% Which condition has the client developed?

Uncompensated respiratory acidosis

Which problem is a 55-year-old client most likely to exhibit as a result of prolonged benzodiazepine use?

Unstable gait

Which is a risk factor for both bacterial and fungal urinary tract infections (UTIs)?

Urinary catheters

Which urinalysis finding indicates that the client could be suffering from renal dysfunction?

Urine contains crystals

Following an accident, the client arrives to the emergency room bleeding profusely. He had an estimated 15% to 30% blood loss from the body. What happens to the urine output of the body in this condition?

Urine output decreses below 30mL/hour

A nurse is analyzing the report of a 5-year-old client with leukemia, who is receiving chemotherapy. The platelet count is 20,000/microliter. What would be the best intervention for the nurse to include in the client's plan of care?

Use a soft toothbrush for oral care

What aspects of polymerase chain reaction make it so useful in research? Select all that apply.

Used for diagnostic testing. Used for genetic analysis in cancer. Can be applied to very small sample of DNA.

Which is a cause for the occurrence of varicose veins?

Valvular incompetence in the legs

Which diagnostic test is used to identify the pattern of collateral blood flow?

Vegography

Which condition commonly found in inactive clients results in edema?

Venous stasis

Which of the risk factors form part of Virchow's triad? Select all that apply.

Venous stasis Vascular damage Hypercoagulability

A client is on long-term bed rest. Which condition might the client develop due to immobility?

Venous statis

A client presents with a painful, swollen mass at the ankle of the right leg. Physical examination revealed that the edema is dark red in color, with drainage just above the medial malleolus of the leg. Which condition has the client developed?

Venous ulcer

Which vitamins are fat-soluble? Select all that apply.

Vitamin A Vitamin D Vitamin E Vitamin K

Which vitamins are fat-soluble? Select all that apply.

Vitamin A Vitamin D Vitamin K Vitamin E

Which vitamin works in close correlation with the parathyroid hormones to regulate the absorption of calcium?

Vitamin D

Which drug administered to clients with deep venous thromboembolism (DVT) requires an international normalized ratio monitoring?

Warfarin

Which statements are true about pharmacological interventions for weight loss? Select all that apply.

Weight loss is short term. Weight loss medications, such as over-the-counter appetite suppressants, have sympathomimetic side effects. Weight loss medications are indicated for people who have a body mass index (BMI) of 27 or greater with concurrent obesity-related medical problems.

A nurse is caring for a client with infective endocarditis. Which is the appropriate nursing intervention for this client?

administering amphicillin

A karyotype is the overall picture of

all the chromosomal pairs in an individual

A 60-year-old client who complains of swelling in the ankles and fingers, abdominal swelling, fullness of the stomach, and a weight gain of 2 lbs. or more per day is diagnosed with mild or moderate heart failure. What are the symptoms that could be observed secondary to decreased cerebral perfusion?

confusion, difficulty concentrating, and headache

A 78-year-old man presents to his physician for evaluation of edema. He reports a 3-month history of peripheral edema. Which edema may have developed in the client?

edema in the ankle

A client visits the hospital with chest pain, and the vital signs are 101.5°F body temperature and 125/85 mm HG blood pressure. The echocardiogram of the client shows valve perforation, and a new regurgitant murmur is heard through the stethoscope on examination. Which condition has the client developed?

infective endocarditis

Which condition, according to the Framingham Criteria for Diagnosis of Congestive Heart Failure is caused by night time cough?

jugular vein distension

A client whose neck vein has bulged presents with a sharp pain in the chest. The electrocardiogram shows an elevated ST segment, and the laboratory report shows an increase in the serum creatinine and blood urea nitrogen. Which condition has the client developed?

pericarditis

Which is the outer layer of the heart?

pericardium

Which is the last region in the conduction of the cardiac conduction sequence?

purkinje fibers

What is the term for 'rapid irregular rhythms' of the ventricle?

tachydysrhthmias

IgA is found most in

tears

The tunica media is

the smooth muscle layer of the wall of a vein

The nurse is caring for a client with angina pectoris. Which precautionary measures should the nurse advise the client to follow?

to consume a low-fat diet

Arrange in order the events associated with the obstruction of the urinary tract that eventually leads to renal failure (A-G). (Enter the letter of each step in the proper sequence; do not use commas or spaces.)

D. The intraluminal ureteral pressure becomes elevated. C. Ureteral peristalsis is overcome by the pressure. G. Increased hydrostatic pressures are transmitted directly to the nephron tubules. A. Glomerular filtration rate (GFR) decreases E. Depressed GFR is maintained if complete obstruction is not relieved after 12 to 24 hours. F. Renal blood flow progressively falls. B. Ischemia and incremental nephron loss take place.

Arrange in order the steps that depict how untreated urolithiasis can lead to kidney failure (A-G). (Enter the letter of each step in the proper sequence; do not use commas or spaces.)

D. Urine gets supersaturated with stone-forming salts. B. Urine flow pushes the stone down the ureter. A. Bleeding occurs when ureteral mucosa is sheared off. F. Intense pain is caused by buildup of pressure and spasms within the ureter. C. Backward accumulation of pressure occurs into the renal pelvis. G. Swelling of the renal pelvis is seen. E. Toxicity occurs in nephrons.

What is the diagnostic outcome of coal miner's pneumoconiosis? Select all that apply

Decreased FEV count during PFT. Hypoxemia is found in an arterial blood gas (ABG) test

A client reports unsteadiness, vertigo, dizziness, and seizures. On assessment, the client is diagnosed with essential thrombocytosis. What is the abnormal result found during the diagnosis?

Decreased number of white blood cells (WBC)

Which diagnostic finding is most likely to be observed in a client with aplastic anemia?

Decreased red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets

A client was hospitalized due to immobility. The blood report after one month of hospitalization shows that the client has developed septicemia. Which factor could have caused septicemia?

Decubitis ulcer

A client has a pulsatile mass in the abdomen. Which assessment technique should be avoided until the possibility of an abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is ruled out?

Deep palpation of the abdomen

A client reports to the hospital with a swollen mass on the left leg. Physical examination reveals that the swollen mass is red, tender, and is textured like a rope. A review of the client's records show that the client has recently undergone an orthopedic surgery on his right leg. Which condition has the client developed?

Deep venous thromboembolism

During elevation of a client who has undergone a bariatric surgery, the nurse finds that the client has an abnormally rapid heartbeat and hypotension. Which condition has the client developed?

Dehydration

Which is a likely cause of elevated blood urea nitrogen (BUN) in a client?

Dehydration

Which components of the serum level should be measured to confirm myocardial infarction? Select all that apply.

Depletion of endothelial nitric oxide. Low-density lipoprotein (LDL) deposition. Inflammatory changes of the endothelium.

What is the process whereby newly growing cells acquire the specialized structure and function of the cells they replace?

Differentiation

What is hypocapnea?

Diminished partial pressure of carbon dioxide

Which is the most commonly used over-the-counter sleep aid?

Diphenhydramine (Benadryl)

The spinothalamic tract is a sensory pathway from the skin to the thalamus. Select the clinical significance of the spinothalamic tract. Select all that apply.

Direct sensory neuronal impulses to hypothalamus. Direct sensory neuronal impulses to the upper regions of the brain cortex.

Which diseases fall under restrictive pulmonary diseases? Select all that apply.

Diseases that prevent complete ventilation. Diseased that reduce the total lung capacity. Diseases that act as an impediment to alveoli.

A client reports shortness of breath and severe pain in the back, chest, and muscles. Which condition could the client possibly be diagnosed with?

Disseminated intravascular coagulation

Which factor leads to enhanced platelet activity?

Disturbances in blood flow

A client is diagnosed with mitral annular calcification and has regurgitation of blood into the left atrium and the pulmonary vasculature. What treatment should the nurse anticipate for the client?

Diuretics

Which procedures are specifically utilized for the treatment of pleural effusion? Select all that apply

Drainage Chest tube attached to suction

Which condition is characterized by the deposition of immune complexes, causing inflammation and fluid accumulation in the pericardial sac?

Dressler's syndrome

A nurse is explaining about the risks of dumping syndrome to a client who recently had undergone gastric bypass surgery. Which statements made by the nurse with regard to the risks of dumping syndrome are correct? Select all that apply.

Dumping syndrome may cause excessive sweating. Dumping syndrome may place that client at risk for hyperglycemia. Dumping syndrome causes malabsorbtion of nutrients. Dumping syndrome may cause diarrhea.

Which test is most commonly used to diagnose varicose vein?

Duplex ultrasound

Which statement regarding endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress is correct?

During ER stress, proteins are rapidly degraded.

When does ribosomal protein synthesis cease?

During severe hypoxic state

When does physiological apoptosis occur? Select all that apply.

During the embryonic development of the hand. During menopause in female adult ovaries. When cells have completed their function and need elimination.

Arrange in order the events associated with the micturition reflex, when voiding is not appropriate (A-G). (Enter the letter of each step in the proper sequence; do not use commas or spaces.)

E. The bladder wall stretches to accommodate the increasing volume of urine. C. The parasympathetic nerves stimulate the detrusor muscle. B. Contraction of the bladder wall takes place. G. Simultaneously, the spinal cord sends nerve impulses up to the cerebral cortex. D. The individual then makes a conscious decision about whether it is appropriate to void. A. The cerebral cortex initiates impulses that travel back down the spinal cord to inhibit the reflex arc. F. The external urinary sphincter stays contracted.

Which clinical manifestations are associated with Ehlers-Danlos syndrome? Select all that apply.

Easy bruising and poor wound healing. Treatment includes high dose of vitamin C. Caused by abnormalities in the synthesis of collagen.

A nurse who is trained in the gold standards for coronary care has to use the most sensitive method to evaluate an intracardiac lesion. Which method should the nurse choose?

Echocardiography

A client presents with less strength, high elastic skin, and joints that are hypermobile. Which condition can be diagnosed in the client based on these characteristics?

Ehlers-Danlos syndrome

A nurse is caring for a client with chronic venous insufficiency. Which instruction is appropriate to include in the client's care plan?

Elevate your legs periodically during the day

A nurse is caring for a client who is anxious and dizzy following a traumatic experience. The arterial blood gas findings include a pH level of 7.48, partial pressure of oxygen at 110, partial pressure of carbon dioxide at 25, and bicarbonate at 2D. Which initial intervention does the nurse implement?

Encourage the client to breathe into a paper bag

A client is scheduled for a heart valve replacement. Which strategic action of the primary healthcare provider enhances the client's adaptive ability and coping mechanism to reduce stress?

Encouraging a family member to stay with the client in the pre-operative setting.

Arteriosclerosis is the thickening and hardening of arterial walls. Which condition acts as an initiator of arteriosclerosis?

Endothelial cell injury

Which statement is correct regarding the effects of exercise?

Enlarges the muscle fibers

A client comes to the hospital with symptoms of an allergic reaction from an antibiotic. Which blood cells would show an increase in the complete blood count report?

Eosinophils

On assessing the physical findings of a client, the nurse discovers that the client has red, swollen, inflamed pharynx and tonsils. What condition can the nurse suspect from the findings?

Epiglottitis

According to the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA), what is the recommended daily allowance for calcium consumption?

1000mg

What is the lean body mass of a man whose weight is 164 lbs and body fat is 22%?

128 lbs

What is the basal metabolic rate (BMR) of a 26-year-old woman who weighs 55 kg and is 163 cm tall?

1354 calories/day

What is the basal metabolic rate (BMR) for a 28-year-old man who weighs 65 kg and is 170 cm tall?

1616 calories/day

A 50 year old client is scheduled for a cardiac stress test. The predicted maximal heart rate in beat/minute is

170

A nurse is teaching student nurses about the treatment of nephrolithiasis. Which statements made by a student nurse indicate the need for further learning? Select all that apply.

"A low-sodium diet is recommended to limit fluid overload." "Most renal stones are treated with lithotripsy."

As a registered nurse is teaching a student how to analyze the electrocardiogram of a hypokalemic client. Which statements made by the student nurse indicate effective teaching? Select all that apply.

"A prolonged PR interval will be observed." "A flattened T wave will be observed." "A prominent U wave will be observed."

A registered nurse is teaching a student nurse about the treatments given for sickle cell anemia. Which statement made by the student nurse indicates effective teaching?

"Acetaminophen is used to manage pain during vaso-occulusive episodes."

A nurse is advising a client about adult respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Which statement shows best that the nurse properly understands the disorder?

"An individual developing ARDS has multiple organ failure and becomes critically ill."

A nurse is teaching a group of student nurses about the administration of asthma medication. Which statement by a student nurse shows appropriate learning?

"An oral corticosteroid is added to the regimen of rescue medications when short-acting bronchodilators are not acting against asthma attacks."

A registered nurse is teaching nursing students about cardiac output. Which statement indicates effective learning by the student nurse?

"Cardiac output is the amount of blood that the heart pumps out of the left ventricle."

A registered nurse is teaching a nursing student the effects of medications that are used to treat hyperlipidemia. Which statements of the student nurse indicates effective learning?

"Cholestryamine blocks the bile acid absorption in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract."

Which statement made by a student nurse demonstrates understanding about the secretory functions of the kidney?

"Clients with impaired renal function have disrupted calcium balance in the bloodstream due to inactive vitamin D."

What nutritional advice should the nurse give to a hypokalemic client? Select all that apply.

"Consume more orange juice." "Add dried fruits to your diet." "Consume more bananas and meat."

What nutritional advice given by a nurse to client under stress is appropriate? Select all that apply.

"Consume more soy products." "Drink a glass of milk before going to bed." "Add peanuts and brown rice to your diet."

A nurse is teaching a client with iron-deficiency anemia about the diet that he or she has to follow. Which statements made by the client indicate effective learning? Select all that apply.

"Consuming orange juice daily will increase iron absorbtion." "Adding meat to my diet will help improve iron deficiency." "Adding broccoli, beans, and tomato sauce to my diet will help improve iron deficiency."

An 18-year-old client, who is within a normal weight range, admits to using laxatives and diuretics. The client displays increased symptoms of depression and reports a sore throat and tooth decay. What question should a nurse ask the client to evaluate if the client is suffering from bulimia nervosa?

"Do you engage in self-induced purging?"

A nurse is taking the history of a female client who is suspected of having urolithiasis. Which are effective questions that the nurse can ask the client in order to facilitate the diagnosis? Select all that apply.

"Do you have pain in the lower back?" "Are you taking any over-the-counter herbal supplements?" "Has anyone in your family ever had kidney stones?" "Do you have gout?"

A registered nurse is teaching a student nurse about interpreting blood test reports and urinalysis reports of clients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Which statements made by the student nurse indicate effective teaching? Select all that apply.

"Erythrocyte sedimentation rate is high in clients with SLE." "Leukopenia and thrombocytopenia are often observed in clients with SLE."

A registered nurse is explaining the effects of exercise on cardiovascular system to a student nurse. Which statement by the student nurse indicates effective teaching?

"Exercise prevents thrombus formation."

A registered nurse us teaching a student nurse about the diagnosis of AIDS. Assess the statement made by the student nurse and identify the statements that indicate effective learning. Select all that apply.

"HIV RNA assay measures the viral load in clients with AIDS." "A Western Blot test is a conformity test for HIV antibody."

A student nurse is comparing treatment methods for urolithiasis and urinary incontinence. Which statement made by the student nurse indicates proper understanding of the treatment methods? Select all that apply.

"Hydrochlorothiazide is the drug of choice for treatment of calcium stone."

A registered nurse is teaching a nursing student about the diagnostic tests for cardiovascular diseases. Which statement made by the student nurse indicates effective learning?

"Hypothyroidism is a risk factor for athersclerosis."

A nurse is providing discharge instructions to a client who is being discharged after treatment for myocardial infarction. Which statement made by the client indicates effective learning?

"I have planned periods of rest in the morning and evening."

A nurse is teaching a client who has cardiovascular disease about the dietary sources of cholesterol and their effects on the body. Which statement made by the client indicates the need for further teaching?

"I should avoid using peanut and canola oil."

A registered nurse is teaching a nursing student about the effects of glucose on the arteries. Which statement made by the student nurse indicates effective learning?

"Increased serum glucose causes endothelium injury, which would lead to atherosclerosis."

A registered nurse is teaching a student nurse about the effects of aldosterone. Which statements made by the student nurse are correct? Select all that apply.

"It increases blood volume." "It increases blood pressure."

A registered nurse is teaching a student nurse about the features of the extrinsic pathway of the coagulation cascade. Asses the statements made by the student nurse and choose the ones that indicate effective learning. Select all that apply.

"It is also known as tissue factor pathway." "It leads to the ultimate conversation of fibrinogen into fibrin." "It leads to the conversion of prothrombin to thrombin."

A registered nurse is teaching a nursing student about aortic valve insufficiency. Which statement made by the student nurse indicates effective learning?

"It is high-pitched, blowing, diastolic decrescendo murmur."

A nursing instructor is educating student nurses on the cause of bone pain in cancer clients. Which statement by a nurse student indicates effective learning? Select all that apply.

"Metastasis of cancer to the bones is one of the reasons for bone pain." "A tumor within the bone can cause bone pain." "Enzyme and inflammatory mediators cause bone pain."

A registered nurse is teaching a student nurse about the reason for the development of natriuresis. Which statement made by the student nurse indicates effective teaching?

"Natriuresis develops as a result of the excretion of large amounts of sodium."

Which statement made by a student nurse pertains to the theory of protein deficiency as a possible cause of formation of renal calculi?

"Nephrocalcin inhibits kidney stone formation."

A registered nurse is teaching a nursing student about the diagnosis of Takayasu arteritis. Which statement made by the student nurse indicates effective learning?

"Normocytic anemia might be present in clients who are diagnosed with Takayasu arteritis."

A registered nurse is teaching a nursing student the relationship between cardiac output (CO), blood pressure (BP), and peripheral vascular resistances (PVR). The student nurse is asked to recap the mathematical equation that relates the three factors. Which equation provided by the student nurse indicates the need for further teaching?

"PVR/CO=BP"

A registered nurse is teaching a nursing student about physiologic heart murmurs. Which statements made by the student nurse indicate effective learning? Select all that apply.

"Physiological murmurs are faint." "Physiological murmurs do not cause symptoms." "Physiological murmurs are intermittent."

A registered nurse is teaching a group of nursing students about Homan's sign. Which statement made by the student nurse indicates effective learning?

"Place the client in the supine position with a straight knee and dorsiflex the client's foot."

The nursing instructor is teaching a group of nursing students about pneumonia. Which statement shows proper learning about pneumonia by the nursing students?

"Pneumonia causes more deaths in the United States than any other infection."

A registered nurse is teaching a nursing student about the diagnostic test done for chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis. What statement made by the student nurse indicates effective teaching?

"Potassium hydroxide wet mount is used to diagnose candida infection."

Which statement by the nurse to a client demonstrates an understanding of the factors responsible for the formation of different types of ureter stones?

"Prolonged use of supplements has contributed to your developing calcium stones."

A registered nurse is teaching nursing students about the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS). Which statement made by the nursing student indicates effective learning?

"RAAS is a mechanism that regulates arterial blood pressure."

Which statements made by a student nurse demonstrate an understanding of the clinical presentation for lower urinary tract infections (UTIs)? Select all that apply.

"Severe pain in the glans penis is common in case of lower UTI." "Frequency is a common symptom of UTI"

The nursing instructor is teaching the student nurses about the origin and risk factors leading to lung abscess. Which statement confirms proper learning of the student nurse about the subject?

"Staphylococcal endocarditis is the initial stage of lung abscesses."

Which statements regarding angina are correct? Select all that apply.

"Stress is the cause of the chest pain." "The chest pain is reduced on resting."

The nursing instructor is teaching student nurses about the pathophysiology of tuberculosis (TB). Which statement confirms proper learning of the student nurse?

"The cheese-like necrotic lung tissue is called the caseous necrosis."

A registered nurse is teaching a student about the assessing the results of Mantoux test done on a 15 year old client. The results indicate 5 mm tissue induration. Which statement made by the student nurse indicates effective learning?

"The client has had an exposure to TB."

A registered nurse is teaching a student nurse about the common side effects of methotrexate therapy, which is used to treat clients with rheumatoid arthritis. Which is statement made by the student nurse indicated effective learning?

"The client's white blood cell count will be below 4500 cells per microliter."

Which statement made by the student nurse indicates effective learning about the coagulation factors and intrinsic pathway?

"The clotting time is measured by activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT)."

A registered nurse is teaching a student nurse about the diagnosis and treatment of hypogammaglobulinemia. Asses the statements made by the student nurse and identify the statements that indicate the need for further teaching. Select all that apply.

"The diagnosis should be made when the child is 1 year old." "Live vaccine should be administered to the client."

A registered nurse is teaching nursing students about CD4 cells. Which statement made by a student nurse indicate effective teaching? Select all that apply.

"The human immunodeficiency virus attacks CD4 cells." "The CD4 cells are T cells that take part in cell-mediated immunity."

A nurse is teaching student nurses about the epidemiology of urolithiasis. Which statement made by a student nurse indicates the need for further learning?

"The incidence of urolithiasis in women peaks in the late fifties."

A nurse is teaching student nurses about the epidemiology of renal calculi. Which statement made by a student nurse indicates the need for further training?

"The lifetime risk of development nephrolithiasis is around 7% for men in the United States."

A client who has been taking an antidepressant for 10 days complains of depression and does not find the medication to be effective. Which is the best response by the nurse?

"The medication will take 3 weeks to be effective."

A registered nurse is teaching nursing students about the normal level for central venous pressure. Which statement made by one of the student nurses indicates effective learning?

"The normal range for central venous pressure is 1 to 5 mm Hg."

The nursing instructor is teaching lung anatomy to a group of students. Which statement relates appropriately to the students' learning of lung anatomy?

"There are three lobes in the lung tissue on the right."

A registered nurse is educating a nursing student about the causes of pathologic heart murmurs. Which statements made by the student nurse indicates effective learning? Select all that apply.

"They are sounds caused be heart wall defects." "They are sounds caused by valvular dysfunction." "They are sounds caused by valvular deformities."

A registered nurse is teaching a group of nursing students the preventive measures to be adopted for thromboemboli. Which response by a student nurse indicates effective learning?

"Thromboemboli is prevented through the use of anticoagulants."

A nurse is caring for a child with sickle cell anemia. The parent is asking the nurse about a treatment that would cure the child. Which is the best answer the nurse can provide the parent?

"Treatments are aimed at reducing complications, but do not cure the condition."

A nurse is teaching student nurses about the epidemiology of lower urinary tract infections (UTIs). Which statement made by a student nurse indicates a need for further learning?

"Up to 40% of men in the United States, aged 20 to 40 years, have suffered a lower UTI."

The nurse is teaching a group of nursing students about acute sinusitis. Which statement by the student indicates proper learning about sinusitis?

"Virus, bacteria, or both organism types may be responsible for acute sinusitis."

A 27-year-old male client tells a nurse that his siblings have sickle cell anemia, and he is concerned that his children might be affected by sickle cell anemia in the future. Which is the most appropriate advice the nurse should provide the client?

"Your partner and you should consult a genetic counselor."

What is the function of ribosomal ribonucleic acid during protein synthesis?

3. It is directly involved in the formation of ribosomes.

At what age does the peak function of the kidneys occur in a healthy adult?

30 years

What is the percentage of body fat for a man who is considered to be obese?

30% - 40%

How much urine can the urinary bladder usually hold?

300 to 400 mL

How many adenosine triphosphates (ATPs) are produced in aerobic energy metabolism?

34

What is the rate of recurrence of urolithiasis within 5 years after it occurs in a client for the first time?

35%

According to the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA), what is the recommended daily allowance for potassium consumption?

3500mg

A client comes in for a consultation with a bariatric surgeon to inquire about surgical options to lose weight. The client's body mass index (BMI) is checked to see if the client would be a candidate for the bariatric surgery. A nurse records the client's height as 5 feet, 4 inches and weight as 258 pounds. What is the client's BMI? Record your answer to one decimal point.

44.3

Which value indicates normal number of red blood cells per liter in males?

5 x 10^6

The average heartbeat of a client is 80 beats per minute. The volume of the blood ejected per contraction from the client's left ventricle is 72 mL. What is the cardiac output of the client? Record your answer as a whole number.

5760 mL per minute

Which is an acidic pH of blood?

6.00

A client is evaluated for a heart murmur in which the murmur is found to be loud. How should the heart murmur be rated?

6/6

What percentage of clients suffering from Goodpasture's syndrome has clinically apparent manifestations of pulmonary and renal disease?

60% to 80%

Which is a normal blood pH?

7.35

Which is the optimal level of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol?

70 mg/dL

A registered nurse is teaching nursing students about ischemic cardiomyopathy. Which statement made by one of the student nurses indicates effective learning?

:Ischemic cardiomyopathy is the scarring of the heart muscle caused by coronary artery insufficiency."

Which statement made by a student nurse demonstrates understanding of the basic pathology of renal disorders?

:Postrenal dysfunction can be accompanied be an increased risk of infection."

A victim of a motor vehicle accident comes to a medical facility with a rib fracture that has punctured the pleural membrane. The open wound allows the pleural cavity to pull air into the opening of the wound, thus building a pleural space. What treatment can a nurse expect from the primary health-care provider?

A chest tube with suction to be applied on the affected area

What is kwashiorkor?

A condition seen in individuals suffering from severe protein starvation

What is polysomnography?

A diagnostic test to examine sleep patterns

A nurse notices that the glomerular filtration rate of a client has decreased. What are the possible reasons for this? Select all that apply.

A disease process has decreased the client's blood pressure. A disease process has decreased the client's renal perfusion. The normal aging process.

How does Ebstein's anomaly lead to a small right ventricular chamber?

A displaced triscuspid valve lowers into the right ventricle, creating a small right ventricle chamber

What is oncotic pressure?

A force that attempts to pull fluid from the interstitial and intracellular spaces

How should a nurse distinguish a grade 5 heart murmur from a grade 6 heart murmur?

A grade 5 heart murmur may be heard when a stethoscope is partly off the chest wall, while a grade 6 heart murmur is heard when a stethoscope is off the chest wall.

What would a nurse hear when auscultating heart sounds in a client who has hypertrophic cardiomyopathy?

A harsh, diamond-shaped systolic murmur

While evaluating a client for a heart murmur, a nurse auscultates the murmur with the bell of a stethoscope and not with the diaphragm of a stethoscope. Which type of heart murmur is this considered?

A low-pitched murmur

An 8-year-old child presents to the hospital with a lymphocytopenia. Based on this diagnosis, what would the nurse expect to find?

A lymphocyte count less than 3000/microliter in children

A client with left lower extremity swelling and tenderness along a vein has to be assessed to rule out deep vein thrombosis (DVT). Which criteria would rule out DVT?

A negative D-dimer assay and Wells criteria score of less than 2

The nurse is assessing the urinalysis report of a client of average build. Which observation definitely indicates an illness state in the client?

A serum creatinine level of 10 mg/dL

Which clinical sign signifies leukocytosis?

A white blood count of 52000/microliter

People with what blood type are known as universal recipients?

AB positive

A client undergoes gastric bypass surgery and reports symptoms postsurgery. Which symptoms can be interpreted as dumping syndrome? Select all that apply.

Abdominal cramps Severe hypotension Diarrhea

A nurse is caring for a child who has Kawasaki disease and is exhibiting symptoms related to this disease. Which symptom would cause the nurse to be most concerned about the possibility of myocardial infarction?

Abdominal pain accompanied by vomiting

Which factors should a nurse assess for in a client who has peripheral artery disease (PAD)? Select all that apply.

Absence of pulsation in the lower extremities Coolness in the lower extremities Paresthesias in the lower extremities

Adrenoleukodystrophy is characterized by

Accumulation of long chain fatty acids in the nervous system

Which is the compound that donates hydrogen ions in a solution?

Acid

Which are the key proteins in the contractile units of the muscle cells?

Actin and myosin

Which immunity is developed by an individual after experiencing an illness?

Active acquired adaptive immunity

A client prefers nonpharmacological treatment for regional complex pain syndrome. What treatment options can be offered to the client? Select all that apply.

Acupuncture Transcutaneous electrical neural stimulation (TENS) Guided imagery

A nurse is reviewing the results of a diagnostic test of a client who is being moved out of the intensive care unit. A cardiac troponin T level assay was performed while the client was in the intensive care unit, which indicated high levels of troponin. Which condition was the client diagnosed with?

Acute myocardial infarction

While diagnosing a client, the primary health-care provider finds the cervical lymph nodes to be extremely tender. Which condition does the primary health-care provider write in the client's prescription?

Acute pharyngitis

Which of the purine bases found in the deoxyribonucleic acid and ribonucleic acid? Select all that apply.

Adenine Guanine

A nurse is caring for a client who has an artificial heart valve and is scheduled for a dental procedure. Which precautionary measure should the nurse take before the dental procedure?

Administering antibiotic therapy

A 65-year-old female client presents with complaints of crushing pain on the left side of the chest. After examining the client, it is found that the client has unstable angina. Which intervention to reduce the pain is appropriate for the client?

Administering nitroglycerin

A physician orders IV potassium infusion for hypokalemic client. Which intervention should be avoided by the nurse while administering IV potassium?

Administration of hypertonic potassium chloride IV bolus.

A client's lab results show overproduction of aldosterone. What is the best nursing intervention to maintain serum electrolytes levels in the client?

Administration of sprionolactone

What is the best intervention to correct hypervolemic hyponatriemia in a client diagnosed with a serum sodium level of 120 mEq/L?

Administration of tolvaptan

In which stage of Hans Selye's general adaptation syndrome is the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) activated?

Alarm stage

The registered nurse is teaching the student nurse about hematological cancer. Which statement made by the student nurse indicates effective learning?

All of the above ("Exposure to intense radiation causes cancer." "Contact with benzene causes cancer." "Damanged deoxyribonucleic acid causes cancer."

A registered nurse is teaching nursing students about passive acquired adaptive immunity. Which statement made by the student nurse indicates effective learning?

All of the above ("It provides immediate immunity." "It is a short-term immunity." "It is not associated with immunologic memory."

A registered nurse is teaching a student nurse about infective endocarditis. Which statements made by the student nurse about the complication of the condition indicates effective learning?

All of the above ("The client may develop regurgitate heart valve defects." "The client may develop heart failure."

Which information can be interpreted from arterial blood gas values?

All of the above (Acidosis and alkalosis, Respiratory and metabloic condtitions, Disorder of the lungs)

A client who complains of weakness is found to have developed anemia. Which physical manifestation should the nurse look for to confirm that the client has developed iron-deficiency anemia?

All of the above (Cheilitis Koilinychias Glossitis)

A client presents with chest pain. Complete blood reports show an elevated level of white blood cells. Which clinical manifestation confirms that the client has myocarditis?

All of the above (Dyspnea Tonisillitis Arthralgia)

A client reports myalgia and fever. On physical examination, an S3 gallop rhythm was heard through the stethoscope. Which finding confirms that the client has developed myocarditis?

All of the above (Elevated number of white blood cells elevated cardiac troponin elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate)

A nurse is formulating a nursing diagnosis for a client with chronic lymphoid leukemia. Which nursing measure should be included in the process?

All of the above (Placing the client in protective isolation. Limiting visitors with cold and infections. Ensuring that all visitors wash their hands before coming in contact with the client.)

A client has nausea and vomiting for 3 days due to a viral infection. Arterial blood gas values of the client are documented. Blood pH 7.61 Partial pressure of carbon dioxide 49 mm Hg Partial pressure of oxygen 99 mm Hg Bicarbonate concentration 18 mEq/L Oxygen saturation 99% Which statement is correct according to the interpretation of the arterial blood gas values?

All of the above (The blood is basic, The lungs are not responsible for the alkalosis, The condition is uncompensated alkalosis)

A client is hospitalized for diarrhea. Arterial blood gas values of the client are documented. Blood pH 7.50 Partial pressure of carbon dioxide 27 mm Hg Partial pressure of oxygen 92 mm Hg Bicarbonate concentration 17 mEq/L Oxygen saturation 91% Which statement is correct according to the interpretation of the arterial blood gas?

All of the above (The client has developed alkalosis, The client has a lung problem, The client has developed an uncompensated condition)

A client complains of chest pain. On examination, a scratchy sound is heard through the stethoscope. Which intervention should be provided to the client?

All of the above (administering aspirin administering amphicillin administering glucocorticoids)

Which is a test primarily used to diagnose fetal chromosome problems?

Amniocentesis

Which statement is related to a simplex reflex arc?

An afferent neuron carries sensory impulses into the dorsal horn of the spinal cord.

A student nurse is learning to care for a variety of clients in a hospital setting. Which clients are most at risk for developing venous insufficiency? Select all that apply.

An obese client A pregnant client at 30 weeks gestation

Which factors will a nurse identify to be associated with the formation of struvite stones, after comparing struvite stones with calcium stones? Select all that apply.

Anatomical abnormalities in the urinary tract. Presence of urease-producing organisms. Neurologist disorders of the bladder.

The complete blood count report of a client who complains of headache and weakness shows the following. Red blood cells 3.4 cells x 106 White blood cells 7 x 103 g/dL Platelets 200,000 Hemoglobin 10 g/dL Which condition has the client developed?

Anemia

What is the weakened area in an arterial wall called?

Aneurysm

A client displays behaviors that involve a desire for perfection and success in academics, and psychiatric characteristics, such as being socially isolated and emotional, and having a severely restricted diet. Which disorder could the client possibly have?

Anorexia nervosa

What is the daily potassium requirement of humans for optimal cell functioning?

20 mEq

A client reports severe chest pain and a rapid heart rate. A nurse observes a blood pressure difference in the left and right arms. Which difference in blood pressure indicates an aortic dissection?

20 mm Hg

How long does a typical wave of renal colic last?

20 to 60 minutes

What percentage of the body's cardiac output is received by the kidneys?

20% to 25%

A client has a posititve ELISA test. On examination, the client is found to have fever, weight loss, and candida infections. The client also complains of night sweats. What would be the CD4 levels?

200 cells per microliter

What is the normal range of bicarbonate concentration in the blood?

22 - 26 mEq/L

What percentage of filtered electrolytes is reabsorbed at the loop of Henle?

25%

What percentage of body fat is considered to be acceptable in women?

25% - 31%

A client's serum sodium level is 140 mEq/L and serum glucose level is 90 mg/dL. The clients blood urea nitrogen is 12 mg/dL. Calculate the serum osmalality of the client.

290 milliosmoles of solute/kg of water serum osmolality = 2x serum sodium + serum glucose/18 + BUN/ 2.4 Normal is 282 - 295

How many nitrogenous bases compose a single codon?

3