midterm
what is true about a striated muscle tissue
a. Protein fibers appear as "little black lines" (striations) through tissue b. voluntary muscle c. multi-nucleated cells d. found in biceps and triceps muscles of human arm
what regards to blood cells
a. cell membrane b. cell wall and chloroplasts c. Amyloplasts d. mitochondria e. Rough ER
the _______ supports the body tube. when you pick up a microscope you should hold it by the arm, and also put one hand on the ________ which provides the bottom support for the microscope
arm base
the ___ connects the nosepiece to the ocular lens
body tube
all cells have the following except
cell wall
a structual form of glucose in some animals. chitin is the main component of the hard exoskeleton(shell) of insects and crustaceans and also found in the cell walls of fungi
chitin
the ___________ moves the stage up and down to approximately the right position for focusing the specimen. this knob should only be used with the lower power objective lenses (4x and 10x
coarse adjustment knob
______________ uses two lenses: the _______ lens is located in the eyepiece and the _________ lens is nearer the object to be viewed
compound microscope ocular objective
Which part of a microscope concentrates the light into a beam before it reaches the specimen?
condenser
two monosaccharides can be joined together by a covalent bond to form a __________ such as sucrose, lactose, or maltose
disaccharide
the invention of _____ in the 1920s greatly increased our ability to study the internal components of cells
electron microscopes
null hypothesis
experimental treatment will have no effect on the outcome (independent does not affect the dependent)
lipids are ______ and therefore insoluble water
hydrophobic
Which of the following should I adjust on my microscope if the specimen I am viewing appears very faded or "washed out" from the intense light entering the microscope?
iris diaphragm
the ___________ regulates the amount of the light reaching the specimen, some microscopes also have a _________ that concentrates the light before it reaches the specimen
iris diaphragm condenser
A plant cell that contains 80% water in the cytoplasm has been flooded with 40% saltwater. What will happen to this cell?
it will shrink/shrivel
the ________ provides illumination.
light source
small organic molecules form together to make ___________
macromolecules
Quantitative data
measures and defines something by quantity (numerically) rather than quality
these macromolecules are made up of repeating units called _______(____), that form chains or branched structures known as _______(_______)
monomers (single units). polymers (many units)
all of the following are true of adipose except
no nucleus
science must ___ require ______ explanations
not supernatural
_______ molecules are the carbon-based molecules that are made by living things and make up much of the dry weight of living things
organic
A plant cell that contains 80% water in the cytoplasm has been flooded with 40% saltwater. What process will occur that will impact the size/weight of the cell?
osmosis
many sugar units would require numerous condensation reactions to be joined together to form _________ which are considered macromolecules
polysaccharides
hypotheses and theories have _______ value.
predictive
experiments always require ____________.
replication
the _________ holds the objective lenses. use the grip to turn the nosepiece
revolving nosepiece
what caused the termites to follow the lines drawn with the papermate ink pen
scent of ink
science does not "prove" hypotheses, but rather supports or fails to support them. conclusions in sciences are _______ if new evidence contradicts the conclusion the conclusion must be altered or discarded
tentative
if the hypothesis is supported by many different types of observations and experiments, it may be elevated to a _____
theory
fats and oils are called _______
triglycerides
in most cases when creating a graph, the independent variable should be placed on the x-axis
true
nucleotides contain at least one phosphate group, a sugar, and a nitrogen-containing base
true
experiments should be designed such that there is only a single explanation for the results, in other words, experiments should have only a single __________ (_________________)
variable (sometimes called the independent variable)
if a solution has a moderate concentration of sugars, what color will reagent turn?
yellow
alternative hypothesis
you add more to something (independent does affect dependent)
what order should you write the paragraph of your findings from your experiment this week?
1. a sentence about the major finding of your experiment that will grab the attention of your next reader 2. your observations combined with your data to support your conclusions 3. conclude on your null hypothesis 4. what do you recommend and why
scientific method
1. observations 2. hypotheses 3. experiments 4. theory 5. predictive
all are considered factors that can affect the rate of diffusion
1. temperature 2. concentration gradient 3. size of molecule
What is the total magnification of a microscope if the ocular lens is 10x and the objective lens in place is 32x?
320x
Cell A contains 30% sugar and Cell B contains only 10% sugar. Both are submerged in 100% water. Which cell will the rate of osmosis be the slowest?
B
as magnification increases what happens to the depth if the field (DOF) of the microscope
DOF decreases
as magnification increases what happens to the field of vision (FOV) of the microscope
FOV decreases
experiments should include a _________ to ensure that your results are actually the result of the treatment rather than some external factor
control
some of the most common elements of life are hydrogen, sulfur, boron, and carbon
false
the ___________ more precisely regulates the focus. this knob can be used to get best focus on low power, and should be used for all focusing with the higher power objective lenses.
fine adjustment knob
what macromolecules are only found in animals
glycogen, chitin
what are the characteristics of life
1. made up of one or more cells 2.living things have metabolism 3.livng things are organized 4.living things are able to maintain their internal environments 5.living things can reproduce 6.living things can sense characteristics of their environment and respond to them
matching the biochemical test with what is testing for/ detecting 1. benedict's test 2.biuret's test 3.iodine test
1. sugars 2. proteins 3. starch
Estimate the size of a specimen if it covers 22 eye spaces of the micrometer in the microscope at 10x. Each eyespace equals 20 micrometers.
440 micrometers
random movement of molecules
Brownian motion
which of the following DO NOT belong to the cell theory
all cells have a nucleus
microscopes have been used to show that all known living organisms (with the possible exception of viruses) are composed of cells. this is the cornerstone of what we call ___________
cell theory
a structural form of glucose used mainly by plants. major component of plant cell walls and is the most common organic macromolecule on earth
cellulose
Which of the following best describes the first two steps in focusing a compound microscope?
center specimen on stage over light, use coarse adjustment knob
is a difference in concentration of a substance between two areas
concentration gradient
most abundant type of tissue in the body
connective tissue
in a biuret's test _______ reacts with the _______ in the solution
copper irons, peptide bonds
in the process of forming the bond, a water molecule is removed. this is known as ______ or _______ reaction
dehydration or condensation
2 main types of nucleic acids are __________ and ___________
deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and ribonucleic acid (RNA)
the thickness of a specimen that can be viewed with one plane of focus is
depth of field
the thickness of a specimen that can be viewed with one plane of focus is known as the ________________
depth of field
qualitative data
describes but does not measure or assign numerical value to a thing or phenomenon
What type of animal tissue may be involved in protection, secretion, and absorption?
epithelial tissue
use the hypothesis as a guide to collect additional observations. or perhaps to perform __________ to test the hypothesis
experiments
the _____ contains the _________ which has a magnification of 10x. microscopes with a single eyepiece are said to be ________ while these with two eyepieces are ________
eyepiece ocular lens monocular binocular
lipids are hydrophilic, meaning they dissolve in wat3er
false
the diameter of the ________ can be measured by placing a ruler on the microscope stage and counting the millimeter markers visible in the eyepiece
field of vision
Which of the following should I adjust on my microscope when the high power lens is in place, but the specimen I am viewing is not completely in focus?
fine adjustment knob
a polymer of glucose that is a storage form of energy in animals. made in your liver and can be broken down to glucose to provide energy
glycogen
A plant cell that contains 80% water in the cytoplasm has been flooded with 40% saltwater. What type of environment is the cell being exposed to?
hypertonic
analyze the information gathered and develop one or more _______ which are tentative explanations to account for observations
hypotheses
A cell contains 22% sugar and is submerged in 100% water. What type of environment is this cell exposed to?
hypotonic
which of the following organelles may be found in abundance in our muscle cells
mitochondria
what are two specific "conditions" within the definition of osmosis that makes it different than a simple diffusion
movement of water, through selectively permeable membrane
___________ are the macromolecules responsible for carrying and transmitting generic information in cells.
nucleic acids
nucleic acids are polymers of _________
nucleotides
the _________ are screwed into the nosepiece. each lens marked with its magnification. most of the compound microscopes in this laboratory have three objective lenses: a 4x (scanning lens), a 10x lens, and 40x lens
objective lenses
make many ___________ using the senses, instruments, and the work of others to gather knowledge about nature
observations
what are some of the items that we will use in our experiment this week
paper towels beakers plastic plates meter sticks
amino acids are held together by _______
peptide bonds
they are composed of glycerol with three fatty acid tails. they store energy provide insulations.___________ are integral part of cellular membranes
phospholipids
Tammy wants to grow big and juicy tomatoes. Therefore, she has planted 20 plants in each of 3 different types of soil (regular topsoil, PRO-Mix soil, and Jiffy-Mix soil) to determine which would be the best for growing the tomatoes in the future. She will measure the weight of each tomato at the end of the growing season to determine which soil works best.
regular topsoil
You want to test the effects of a muscle building drug on humans. Which of the following would help you obtain results that would most closely reflect the response of the human population?
replication
The capacity to distinguish fine detail in an image or the minimum distance between two objects at which they can be seen separately rather than a single blurr.
resolution
___________ is a measure of the sharpness of an image; it is the minimum distance between two points at which they can both be seen separately rather than a single blur
resolution
the eyes are limited by their _____________. the human eye has the ability to distinguish between objects that are about 100 micrometers apart
resolving power
these membranes act as a barrier to some molecules while allowing others to pass through
selectively permeable
what type of tissue would be found in lining the inside of a mouse intestine
simple columnar epithelium
___________ are essentially magnifying glasses. they have a single lens and are generally only capable of magnifying objects a few hundred times
simple microscopes
Which of the following is involved in unconscious contraction responsible for dilating or constricting your blood vessels and airways?
smooth muscle
what type of tissue would be found in surrounding the outside of a mouse intestine
smooth muscle
Tammy wants to grow big and juicy tomatoes. Therefore, she has planted 20 plants in each of 3 different types of soil (regular topsoil, PRO-Mix soil, and Jiffy-Mix soil) to determine which would be the best for growing the tomatoes in the future. She will measure the weight of each tomato at the end of the growing season to determine which soil works best.
soil type will not affect the growth of tomatoes as measured as weight
Tammy wants to grow big and juicy tomatoes. Therefore, she has planted 20 plants in each of 3 different types of soil (regular topsoil, PRO-Mix soil, and Jiffy-Mix soil) to determine which would be the best for growing the tomatoes in the future. She will measure the weight of each tomato at the end of the growing season to determine which soil works best.
soil types
the ______ is the platform onto which slides or other objects to be viewed are placed. the stage may also have ______ to hold the slide into place for viewing
stage stage clips
a polymer of glucose that is a storage form of energy in animals
starch
Polyssacharides
starch glycogen cellulose chitin
______________ are vital chemical messengers in many organisms
steroid hormones
which of the following is nit a function of carbohydrates
strong genetic information
science must be ___________ in the empirical world, accessible to our senses and our instruments
testable
