midterm

what is true about a striated muscle tissue

a. Protein fibers appear as "little black lines" (striations) through tissue b. voluntary muscle c. multi-nucleated cells d. found in biceps and triceps muscles of human arm

what regards to blood cells

a. cell membrane b. cell wall and chloroplasts c. Amyloplasts d. mitochondria e. Rough ER

the _______ supports the body tube. when you pick up a microscope you should hold it by the arm, and also put one hand on the ________ which provides the bottom support for the microscope

arm base

the ___ connects the nosepiece to the ocular lens

body tube

all cells have the following except

cell wall

a structual form of glucose in some animals. chitin is the main component of the hard exoskeleton(shell) of insects and crustaceans and also found in the cell walls of fungi

chitin

the ___________ moves the stage up and down to approximately the right position for focusing the specimen. this knob should only be used with the lower power objective lenses (4x and 10x

coarse adjustment knob

______________ uses two lenses: the _______ lens is located in the eyepiece and the _________ lens is nearer the object to be viewed

compound microscope ocular objective

Which part of a microscope concentrates the light into a beam before it reaches the specimen?

condenser

two monosaccharides can be joined together by a covalent bond to form a __________ such as sucrose, lactose, or maltose

disaccharide

the invention of _____ in the 1920s greatly increased our ability to study the internal components of cells

electron microscopes

null hypothesis

experimental treatment will have no effect on the outcome (independent does not affect the dependent)

lipids are ______ and therefore insoluble water

hydrophobic

Which of the following should I adjust on my microscope if the specimen I am viewing appears very faded or "washed out" from the intense light entering the microscope?

iris diaphragm

the ___________ regulates the amount of the light reaching the specimen, some microscopes also have a _________ that concentrates the light before it reaches the specimen

iris diaphragm condenser

A plant cell that contains 80% water in the cytoplasm has been flooded with 40% saltwater. What will happen to this cell?

it will shrink/shrivel

the ________ provides illumination.

light source

small organic molecules form together to make ___________

macromolecules

Quantitative data

measures and defines something by quantity (numerically) rather than quality

these macromolecules are made up of repeating units called _______(____), that form chains or branched structures known as _______(_______)

monomers (single units). polymers (many units)

all of the following are true of adipose except

no nucleus

science must ___ require ______ explanations

not supernatural

_______ molecules are the carbon-based molecules that are made by living things and make up much of the dry weight of living things

organic

A plant cell that contains 80% water in the cytoplasm has been flooded with 40% saltwater. What process will occur that will impact the size/weight of the cell?

osmosis

many sugar units would require numerous condensation reactions to be joined together to form _________ which are considered macromolecules

polysaccharides

hypotheses and theories have _______ value.

predictive

experiments always require ____________.

replication

the _________ holds the objective lenses. use the grip to turn the nosepiece

revolving nosepiece

what caused the termites to follow the lines drawn with the papermate ink pen

scent of ink

science does not "prove" hypotheses, but rather supports or fails to support them. conclusions in sciences are _______ if new evidence contradicts the conclusion the conclusion must be altered or discarded

tentative

if the hypothesis is supported by many different types of observations and experiments, it may be elevated to a _____

theory

fats and oils are called _______

triglycerides

in most cases when creating a graph, the independent variable should be placed on the x-axis

true

nucleotides contain at least one phosphate group, a sugar, and a nitrogen-containing base

true

experiments should be designed such that there is only a single explanation for the results, in other words, experiments should have only a single __________ (_________________)

variable (sometimes called the independent variable)

if a solution has a moderate concentration of sugars, what color will reagent turn?

yellow

alternative hypothesis

you add more to something (independent does affect dependent)

what order should you write the paragraph of your findings from your experiment this week?

1. a sentence about the major finding of your experiment that will grab the attention of your next reader 2. your observations combined with your data to support your conclusions 3. conclude on your null hypothesis 4. what do you recommend and why

scientific method

1. observations 2. hypotheses 3. experiments 4. theory 5. predictive

all are considered factors that can affect the rate of diffusion

1. temperature 2. concentration gradient 3. size of molecule

What is the total magnification of a microscope if the ocular lens is 10x and the objective lens in place is 32x?

320x

Cell A contains 30% sugar and Cell B contains only 10% sugar. Both are submerged in 100% water. Which cell will the rate of osmosis be the slowest?

B

as magnification increases what happens to the depth if the field (DOF) of the microscope

DOF decreases

as magnification increases what happens to the field of vision (FOV) of the microscope

FOV decreases

experiments should include a _________ to ensure that your results are actually the result of the treatment rather than some external factor

control

some of the most common elements of life are hydrogen, sulfur, boron, and carbon

false

the ___________ more precisely regulates the focus. this knob can be used to get best focus on low power, and should be used for all focusing with the higher power objective lenses.

fine adjustment knob

what macromolecules are only found in animals

glycogen, chitin

what are the characteristics of life

1. made up of one or more cells 2.living things have metabolism 3.livng things are organized 4.living things are able to maintain their internal environments 5.living things can reproduce 6.living things can sense characteristics of their environment and respond to them

matching the biochemical test with what is testing for/ detecting 1. benedict's test 2.biuret's test 3.iodine test

1. sugars 2. proteins 3. starch

Estimate the size of a specimen if it covers 22 eye spaces of the micrometer in the microscope at 10x. Each eyespace equals 20 micrometers.

440 micrometers

random movement of molecules

Brownian motion

which of the following DO NOT belong to the cell theory

all cells have a nucleus

microscopes have been used to show that all known living organisms (with the possible exception of viruses) are composed of cells. this is the cornerstone of what we call ___________

cell theory

a structural form of glucose used mainly by plants. major component of plant cell walls and is the most common organic macromolecule on earth

cellulose

Which of the following best describes the first two steps in focusing a compound microscope?

center specimen on stage over light, use coarse adjustment knob

is a difference in concentration of a substance between two areas

concentration gradient

most abundant type of tissue in the body

connective tissue

in a biuret's test _______ reacts with the _______ in the solution

copper irons, peptide bonds

in the process of forming the bond, a water molecule is removed. this is known as ______ or _______ reaction

dehydration or condensation

2 main types of nucleic acids are __________ and ___________

deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and ribonucleic acid (RNA)

the thickness of a specimen that can be viewed with one plane of focus is

depth of field

the thickness of a specimen that can be viewed with one plane of focus is known as the ________________

depth of field

qualitative data

describes but does not measure or assign numerical value to a thing or phenomenon

What type of animal tissue may be involved in protection, secretion, and absorption?

epithelial tissue

use the hypothesis as a guide to collect additional observations. or perhaps to perform __________ to test the hypothesis

experiments

the _____ contains the _________ which has a magnification of 10x. microscopes with a single eyepiece are said to be ________ while these with two eyepieces are ________

eyepiece ocular lens monocular binocular

lipids are hydrophilic, meaning they dissolve in wat3er

false

the diameter of the ________ can be measured by placing a ruler on the microscope stage and counting the millimeter markers visible in the eyepiece

field of vision

Which of the following should I adjust on my microscope when the high power lens is in place, but the specimen I am viewing is not completely in focus?

fine adjustment knob

a polymer of glucose that is a storage form of energy in animals. made in your liver and can be broken down to glucose to provide energy

glycogen

A plant cell that contains 80% water in the cytoplasm has been flooded with 40% saltwater. What type of environment is the cell being exposed to?

hypertonic

analyze the information gathered and develop one or more _______ which are tentative explanations to account for observations

hypotheses

A cell contains 22% sugar and is submerged in 100% water. What type of environment is this cell exposed to?

hypotonic

which of the following organelles may be found in abundance in our muscle cells

mitochondria

what are two specific "conditions" within the definition of osmosis that makes it different than a simple diffusion

movement of water, through selectively permeable membrane

___________ are the macromolecules responsible for carrying and transmitting generic information in cells.

nucleic acids

nucleic acids are polymers of _________

nucleotides

the _________ are screwed into the nosepiece. each lens marked with its magnification. most of the compound microscopes in this laboratory have three objective lenses: a 4x (scanning lens), a 10x lens, and 40x lens

objective lenses

make many ___________ using the senses, instruments, and the work of others to gather knowledge about nature

observations

what are some of the items that we will use in our experiment this week

paper towels beakers plastic plates meter sticks

amino acids are held together by _______

peptide bonds

they are composed of glycerol with three fatty acid tails. they store energy provide insulations.___________ are integral part of cellular membranes

phospholipids

Tammy wants to grow big and juicy tomatoes. Therefore, she has planted 20 plants in each of 3 different types of soil (regular topsoil, PRO-Mix soil, and Jiffy-Mix soil) to determine which would be the best for growing the tomatoes in the future. She will measure the weight of each tomato at the end of the growing season to determine which soil works best.

regular topsoil

You want to test the effects of a muscle building drug on humans. Which of the following would help you obtain results that would most closely reflect the response of the human population?

replication

The capacity to distinguish fine detail in an image or the minimum distance between two objects at which they can be seen separately rather than a single blurr.

resolution

___________ is a measure of the sharpness of an image; it is the minimum distance between two points at which they can both be seen separately rather than a single blur

resolution

the eyes are limited by their _____________. the human eye has the ability to distinguish between objects that are about 100 micrometers apart

resolving power

these membranes act as a barrier to some molecules while allowing others to pass through

selectively permeable

what type of tissue would be found in lining the inside of a mouse intestine

simple columnar epithelium

___________ are essentially magnifying glasses. they have a single lens and are generally only capable of magnifying objects a few hundred times

simple microscopes

Which of the following is involved in unconscious contraction responsible for dilating or constricting your blood vessels and airways?

smooth muscle

what type of tissue would be found in surrounding the outside of a mouse intestine

smooth muscle

Tammy wants to grow big and juicy tomatoes. Therefore, she has planted 20 plants in each of 3 different types of soil (regular topsoil, PRO-Mix soil, and Jiffy-Mix soil) to determine which would be the best for growing the tomatoes in the future. She will measure the weight of each tomato at the end of the growing season to determine which soil works best.

soil type will not affect the growth of tomatoes as measured as weight

Tammy wants to grow big and juicy tomatoes. Therefore, she has planted 20 plants in each of 3 different types of soil (regular topsoil, PRO-Mix soil, and Jiffy-Mix soil) to determine which would be the best for growing the tomatoes in the future. She will measure the weight of each tomato at the end of the growing season to determine which soil works best.

soil types

the ______ is the platform onto which slides or other objects to be viewed are placed. the stage may also have ______ to hold the slide into place for viewing

stage stage clips

a polymer of glucose that is a storage form of energy in animals

starch

Polyssacharides

starch glycogen cellulose chitin

______________ are vital chemical messengers in many organisms

steroid hormones

which of the following is nit a function of carbohydrates

strong genetic information

science must be ___________ in the empirical world, accessible to our senses and our instruments

testable