midterm ch 4-7

peristalsis

Waves of muscular activity help propel food material through the digestive tract. This muscular action is called _______. peristalsis chemical digestion segmentation aerobic digestion

$0.15/oz and $0.12/oz

What are the approximate unit prices of a 15-ounce can of crushed tomatoes that sells for $2.25 and a 32-ounce can of crushed tomatoes that sells for $3.99? $0.10/oz and $0.30/oz $0.16/oz and $0.21/oz $0.20/oz and $0.09/oz $0.15/oz and $0.12/oz

digests fats

A lipase _________. regulates rancidity emulsifies fat digests fats transports lipids in the bloodstream

there is one double bond in the carbon chain

A monounsaturated fatty acid differs from a saturated fatty acid. In a monounsaturated fatty acid, _______. there is one double bond in the carbon chain each carbon within the chain is completely filled with hydrogen atoms each carbon in the carbon chain has two hydrogen atoms and two double bonds there are two or more carbons in the chain that have an oxygen atom

vomit appears to have coffee grinds in it

A physician should be contacted when ________. vomit has partially digested food in it an adult has 2 bowel movements in a 24-hour period vomit appears to have coffee grinds in it an adult doesn't have a bowel movement daily

each carbon within the chain is completely filled with hydrogen atoms

A saturated fatty acid differs from an unsaturated fatty acid. In a saturated fatty acid, _______. each carbon in the carbon chain has two hydrogen atoms and two double bonds there are at least three double bonds in the carbon chain each carbon within the chain is completely filled with hydrogen atoms there are two or more carbons in the chain that have an oxygen atom

supplies more dietary fiber Explanation Plant foods are high in fiber and contain no cholesterol or trans fat and little saturated fat.

A vegetarian diet generally ______ than a "Western diet." provides more cholesterol supplies more dietary fiber has a higher saturated fat content contains more trans fats

20 Explanation To calculate the limit for grams of saturated fat intake, multiply 1800 kcal by 0.10, which equals 180 kcal. Each gram of fat provides 9 kcal, so divide 180 kcal by 9 kcal per gram to obtain the number of grams of saturated fat (20 g).

According to the Dietary Guidelines, adults should limit their saturated fat intake to less than 10% of their total daily caloric intake. If you consume 1800 kcal per day, you should limit your saturated fat intake to fewer than ______ grams of saturated fat per day. 100 26 45 20

220 Explanation To calculate the caloric limit for saturated fat intake, multiply 2200 kcal by 0.10, which equals 220 kcal.

According to the Dietary Guidelines, adults should limit their saturated fat intake to less than 10% of their total daily caloric intake. If you consume 2200 kcal per day, you should limit your saturated fat intake to fewer than _______ kcal per day. 2.2 20 440 220

48.0 Explanation The first step: Convert body weight in pounds to kilograms (kg) by dividing the weight by 2.2 (there are 2.2 pounds per kg). 132 pounds divided by 2.2 pounds per kg is 60.0 kg. The RDA for protein is 0.8 grams of protein per kilogram (kg) of body weight. The second step: Multiply her weight in kg (60 kg) by 0.8 grams of protein per kg body weight. 60 kg X 0.8 is approximately 48 grams of protein per day.

Approximately how many grams of protein per day should a healthy 21-year-old woman who weighs 132 pounds and isn't an athlete consume to meet the RDA for protein? (Tip: One kilogram = 2.2 pounds.) 46 48 50.5 40.2

his pancreas doesn't release insulin

Brandon has untreated type 1 diabetes. His blood sugar level remains high after a meal because ________. his pancreas doesn't release insulin the protein is his cells are converted to glucose his body releases too much insulin his kidneys aren't working

lactose intolerance

Haruka is 18 years of age and has Asian ancestry. She doesn't drink milk because it "upsets her stomach," that is, she develops intestinal cramping and gas not long after she consumes the beverage. She can drink soy "milk" and eat yogurt and some hard cheeses. Based on this information, Haruka probably has _________. dairy-related protein insufficiency milk allergy lactose intolerance milk antigen syndrome

small intestine The small intestine is a highly coiled tube extending from the stomach to the large intestine. Most nutrient digestion and absorption occurs in the small intestine.

Most nutrient absorption occurs in the _______. large intestine esophagus stomach small intestine

enzymes

Proteins that help chemical reactions occur are _______. hormones chylomicrons lipoproteins enzymes

type 1 diabetes

Shari is a 6-year-old who loves to play soccer. Recently, her parents noticed that she's been too tired to play. Also, she's thirsty all of the time and developed breath that smells like over-ripe bananas. Based on this information, Shari's parents should have their daughter tested for ________. lactose intolerance insulin allergy type 1 diabetes gestational diabetes

0.8 g

The adult RDA for protein (non-athletes) is ______ per kilogram of body weight. 0.8 g 3.2 6.3 4.8

aerobic

This semester, Darlene is taking an introductory microbiology class. During the laboratory component of the course, Darlene's instructor gives her a small sealed container with bacteria in it. The instructor tells Darlene to identify the kind of bacteria that's in the container. While performing tests on the bacterial sample, Darlene determines that the bacteria need air to survive. Based on this information, Darlene notes that the bacteria are ______. peristaltic anaerobic aerobic metabolic

organs

Various tissues that function together in a related fashion form _______. cells organs diverticula microorganisms

Maltose

Which of the following substances is a disaccharide that contains 2 glucose units? Lactose Maltose Sucrose Fructose

maintaining fluid balance The primary functions of the urinary system are to eliminate salts, water, and wastes and to maintain fluid balance within the body.

While Eric was taking a nutrition class, he learned that the human body is organized into organ systems. His professor mentioned _____ is a primary function of the kidneys. defending against infectious agents maintaining fluid balance exchanging oxygen and carbon dioxide circulating blood through the body

exchanging oxygen and carbon dioxide

While Eric was taking a nutrition class, he learned that the human body is organized into organ systems. His professor mentioned ______ is a primary function of the lungs. exchanging oxygen and carbon dioxide enabling the body to move around and supporting the skeleton circulating blood throughout the body maintaining fluid balance

regulating body temperature

While Eric was taking a nutrition class, he learned that the human body is organized into organ systems. His professor mentioned _______ is a primary function of skin. circulating blood throughout the body exchanging oxygen and carbon monoxide regulating body temperature enabling the body to move around and supporting the skeleton

Catabolism Explanation Metabolic processes of breaking down larger substances into smaller ones is catabolism.

______ refers to metabolic processes that break down larger substances into smaller ones. Aerobic metabolism Anaerobic metabolism Anabolism Catabolism

24 Explanation First, calculate the caloric limit for saturated fat intake by multiplying 2200 kcal by 0.10, which equals 220 kcal. Each gram of fat supplies 9 kcal, so divide 220 kcal by 9 kcal to obtain the amount of fat (about 24 g).

According to the Dietary Guidelines, adults should limit their saturated fat intake to less than 10% of their total daily caloric intake. If you consume 2200 kcal per day, you should limit your saturated fat intake to fewer than about _______ grams of saturated fat per day. 55 220 24 19

250 Explanation To calculate the caloric limit for saturated fat intake, multiply 2500 kcal by 0.10, which equals 250 kcal.

According to the Dietary Guidelines, adults should limit their saturated fat intake to less than 10% of their total daily caloric intake. If you consume 2500 kcal per day, you should limit your saturated fat intake to fewer than _______ kcal per day. 375 250 25 500

280 Explanation To calculate the caloric limit for saturated fat intake, multiply 2800 kcal by 0.10, which equals 280 kcal.

According to the Dietary Guidelines, adults should limit their saturated fat intake to less than 10% of their total daily caloric intake. If you consume 2800 kcal per day, you should limit your saturated fat intake to fewer than _______ kcal per day. 280 440 2.8 28

33 Explanation To calculate the limit for grams of saturated fat intake, multiply 3000 kcal by 0.10, which equals 300 kcal. Each gram of fat provides 9 kcal, so divide 300 kcal by 9 kcal per gram to obtain the number of grams of saturated fat (about 33 g).

According to the Dietary Guidelines, adults should limit their saturated fat intake to less than 10% of their total daily caloric intake. If you consume 3000 kcal per day, you should limit your saturated fat intake to fewer than about _____ grams of saturated fat per day. 43 33 75 26

fiber

According to the latest version of the Dietary Guidelines for Americans, _______ is a "nutrient of public health" concern, because many Americans don't consume enough of it. refined starch lactose fiber sugar

pancreas releases insulin

After eating a meal, a healthy person's _______. nerves make glucose kidneys eliminate proteins pancreas releases insulin liver metabolizes dietary fiber

being in a stressful job Explanation Excessive emotional stress is not a risk factor for peptic ulcers. Infection of the stomach by H. pylori; heavy use of NSAIDs; heavy consumption of alcohol; smoking; a family history; and excessive stomach acid production are all risk factors that increase the risk for peptic ulcer formation.

All of the following are major factors that increase the risk of peptic ulcers, except _______. having a stomach that is infected with the Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) bacteria being in a stressful job consuming a lot of alcohol regularly using nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), such as aspirin, regularly

66 Explanation • The RDA for protein is 0.8 grams of protein per kilogram (kg) of body weight. For the first step, convert his weight in pounds to kilograms by dividing 182 pounds by 2.2 pounds (there are 2.2 kg per pound). He weighs approximately 82.7 kg. •For the second step, multiply his weight in kg (82.7 kg) by 0.8 g (the RDA for protein per kg of body weight). 82.7 kg × 0.8 grams of protein per kg body weight is approximately 66 grams of protein per day.

Approximately how many grams of protein per day should a healthy 24-year-old male who weighs 182 pounds consume to meet the RDA for protein for an adult who is not an athlete? (Tip: One kilogram = 2.2 pounds.) 75 54 60 66

55.6 Explanation The first step: Convert her body weight in pounds to kilograms (kg) by dividing the weight by 2.2 (there are 2.2 pounds per kg). 153 pounds divided by 2.2 pounds per kg is approximately 69.5 kg. The RDA for protein is 0.8 grams of protein per kilogram (kg) of body weight. The second step: Multiply her weight in kg (69.5 kg) by 0.8 grams of protein per kg body weight. 69.5 kg X 0.8 is approximately 55.6 grams of protein per day.

Approximately how many grams of protein per day should a healthy 25-year-old woman who weighs 153 pounds and isn't an athlete consume to meet the RDA for protein? (Tip: One kilogram = 2.2 pounds.) 55.6 49.7 60.2 51.0

Tuna casserole Explanation Your body can only make small amounts of EPA and DHA. Therefore it's a good idea to include sources of DHA and EPA, such as fatty fish, such as salmon, in your diet.

Because she's pregnant, Regina is interested in eating more foods that contain high amounts of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). Which of the following foods is an excellent source of EPA and DHA? Peanut butter Cooked turkey Tuna casserole Almond beverage ("almond" milk)

a tuna salad that has quinoa Explanation A person with celiac disease should avoid wheat (including wheat bran), rye, and barley. Quinoa is a gluten-free food.

Celiac disease is an autoimmune condition characterized by intestinal damage that is caused by contact with a particular dietary protein. A person with celiac disease should avoid all of the following snacks or meals, except ________. a tuna salad that has quinoa a bran muffin barley soup a rueben sandwich on rye bread

lactose Explanation Many people develop lactose intolerance, which is why they have difficulty digesting dairy products.

Commonly referred to as "milk sugar," _______ is comprised of a glucose and a galactose molecule. fructose lactose maltose sucrose

they may not satisfy hunger, so people feel hungry soon after eating them

Consuming excessive amounts of refined carbohydrates can contribute to health problems, because _______. they supply more calories per gram than protein or fat they may not satisfy hunger, so people feel hungry soon after eating them cells can't burn them for energy, so they're stored as fat cells use them to make dietary fiber, which isn't digested by the human intestinal tract

insulin; decrease Explanation Insulin helps lower blood glucose levels because the hormone enables glucose to enter most cells.

Darryl is a healthy 21-year-old. After he eats a meal, his beta cells release ______, which causes his blood glucose level to _______. amylase; increase amylase; decrease insulin; increase insulin; decrease

cells don't respond to the insulin that his pancreas releases

Devin has type 2 diabetes. Compared to a healthy person, his blood sugar levels remain higher after a meal, because his ______. small intestine doesn't release digestive enzymes body releases too much insulin kidneys release too much urine cells don't respond to the insulin that his pancreas releases

raises your blood glucose level to normal Explanation If you ignore hunger signals and don't eat, your blood glucose level drops. Your pancreas responds by releasing glucagon into the bloodstream.

Glucagon is a hormone that is secreted by your pancreas. Glucagon _______. helps you feel satisfied after eating a meal or snack raises your blood glucose level to normal lowers your blood glucose level promotes glycogen storage in the liver

68.0 Explanation The RDA for protein is 0.8 grams of protein per kilogram (kg) of body weight. Multiply his weight in kg (85 kg) by 0.8 grams of protein per kg body weight. 85 kg X 0.8 g is 68 grams of protein per day.

How many grams of protein per day should a healthy 25-year-old man who weighs 85 kg and isn't an athlete consume to meet the RDA for protein? (Tip: The RDA for protein is 0.8 g per kilogram of body weight.) 68 30.9 25.8 41.6

46.4 Explanation The RDA for protein is 0.8 grams of protein per kilogram (kg) of body weight. Multiply her weight in kg (58 kg) by 0.8 grams of protein per kg body weight. 58 kg X 0.8 g is 46.4 grams of protein per day.

How many grams of protein per day should a healthy 25-year-old woman who weighs 58 kg and isn't an athlete consume to meet the RDA for protein? (Tip: The RDA for protein is 0.8 g per kilogram of body weight.) 33.8 44.8 53.8 46.4

stomach Certain cells within the stomach secrete hydrochloric acid. Hydrochloric acid makes protein easier to digest and kills a number of dangerous microorganisms that may be in food.

Hydrochloric acid is secreted in the _______. esophagus stomach large intestine small intestine

fat Explanation Without adequate carbohydrate, fats do not break down completely, but rather form ketone bodies. Production of ketone bodies causes ketosis, a dangerous condition that upsets the body's normal acid-base balance.

If your diet doesn't provide an adequate amount of carbohydrate, your body alters its metabolism of other nutrients to meet your energy needs. Insufficient dietary carbohydrate can lead to elevated levels of ketone bodies in the bloodstream. Ketone bodies result from the partial breakdown of _______. calcium vitamin D fat protein fiber

420 to 735 Explanation The AMDR for fat is 20 to 35% of total calories. If a person consumes 2100 kcal/day, 20% of 2100 kcal is 420 kcal (2100 X .20). To determine 35% of 2100 kcal, multiply 2100 kcal by .35, which is 735 kcal. Therefore, the range of fat intake is 420 to 753 kcal/day.

If your total caloric intake is 2100 kcal per day, your range of fat intake (kcal) would be _____ kcal per day, according to the Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Range (AMDR). 420 to 735 560 to 980 700 to 1400 325 to 840

500 to 875 Explanation The AMDR for fat is 20 to 35% of total calories. If a person consumes 2500 kcal/day, 20% of 2500 kcal is 500 kcal (2500 X .20). To determine 35% of 2500 kcal, multiply 2500 kcal by .35, which is 875 kcal. Therefore, the range of fat intake is 500 to 875 kcal/day

If your total caloric intake is 2500 kcal per day, your range of fat intake (kcal) would be _____ kcal per day, according to the Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Range (AMDR). 420 to 735 325 to 840 560 to 980 500 to 875

increase

In a healthy person, blood sugar levels ______, soon after eating a meal. increase decrease decrease and then increase rapidly remain steady

have cells that don't produce insulin Explanation A person with type 1 diabetes does not make insulin and must obtain insulin by injections or via an insulin pump.

Individuals with type 1 diabetes _______. have cells that overproduce insulin have cells that don't respond to insulin are unable to breakdown insulin properly have cells that don't produce insulin are allergic to insulin

don't produce insulin

Individuals with type 1 diabetes have cells that ______. don't produce insulin don't respond to insulin normally break down insulin too slowly make too much insulin

don't respond normally to insulin

Individuals with type 2 diabetes have cells that _______. produce too much insulin break down insulin too slowly don't respond normally to insulin are allergic to insulin

allows cells to take in glucose

Insulin ______. breaks down glucose in the blood prevents cells from taking in glucose releases glucose from cells allows cells to take in glucose

Probiotics may help restore the healthy balance of bacteria in her intestines. Explanation Many brands of yogurt contain probiotics. Check the label to learn whether the product contains "live and active" cultures.

Linda just finished taking the antibiotics prescribed by her physician to treat a bacterial infection. Why would you recommend that Linda use a dietary supplement or food that contains probiotics? The dietary supplements that contain probiotics help prevent the development of gallstones, which can block her small intestine. Probiotics are a rich source of key beneficial nutrients, such as fiber and vitamin K, which support her glandular system Probiotics may help restore the healthy balance of bacteria in her intestines. Probiotics in foods have been scientifically proven to reduce the risk of stomach cancer, especially after a person has been taking antibiotics.

small intestine Explanation The stomach mixes food and digests some carbohydrate and protein, but most nutrient digestion and absorption occurs in the small intestine. Digestion is completed by the time chyme reaches the large intestine. The pancreas secretes many of the enzymes needed for digestion.

Most nutrient digestion and absorption occurs in the _______. stomach pancreas large intestine small intestine

reducing his consumption of whole fruits and vegetables Ignoring normal bowel urges can increase a person's risk of constipation. Eating more fiber, drinking more water, increasing exercise, and establishing a regular daily routine may help prevent and treat constipation.

Nelson is a college freshman living on his own for the first time. He eats out a lot at fast food restaurants and snacks on foods that are high in empty calories. Nelson spends much of his time sitting in classes or working online. Lately he has been noticing symptoms of constipation. All of the following recommendations might help Nelson alleviate his constipation, except _______. going to the bathroom as soon as he feels the urge to have a bowel movement reducing his consumption of whole fruits and vegetables eating more whole-grain breads and cereals drinking more fluids, especially water

Irritable bowel syndrome

Over the past few months, Scott has experience bouts of being constipated for several days, followed by having loose stools for a day or two. According to Scott's physician, a change in diet, such as consuming probiotics and avoiding FODMAPs, as well as getting psychological counseling and taking antidepressant medication might help relieve the problem. According to the doctor, Scott's condition is not likely to increase his risk of colorectal cancer. Based on this information, Scott probably has which of the following conditions? Peptic ulcer Irritable bowel syndrome Ulcerative colitis Gallstones

Peptic ulcer

Over the past few weeks, Corrie has been experiencing a dull pain in his stomach area when he hasn't eaten any food for awhile. Recently, he noticed his stools had changed from being normal to being black and "sticky." Based on this information, Corrie probably has which of the following conditions? Peptic ulcer Irritable bowel syndrome Constipation Gallstones

PHOs were sources of artifical trans fats that might increase the risk of cardiovascular disease.

Partially hydrogenated oils (PHOs) contain artificial trans fatty acids. The FDA has banned the addition of PHOs to processed foods. Why? PHOs were sources of artifical trans fats that might increase the risk of cardiovascular disease. PHOs often reduced the length of time that processed foods could be stored. PHOs increased the degree of rancidity in processed foods. PHOs could result in the production of unappealing flavors in stored foods.

Ulcerative colitis

Recently, Belinda reported having stomach cramps and pain and being unusually tired and weak. Additionally, Belinda reported feeling nauseous so frequently, she didn't want to eat much food. After she lost 20 pounds within 4 months, she decided to see her physician. According to the physician, Belinda's medical tests indicated that she has blood in her stools and she's anemic. According to the doctor, Belinda's condition is a form of inflammatory bowel disease that can increase her risk of colorectal cancer. Based on this information, Belinda should undergo further testing to see if she has which of the following conditions? Irritable bowel syndrome Swollen hemorrhoids Gallstones Ulcerative colitis

keep her trans fat intake as low as possible while following a healthy diet Explanation Whole-fat dairy foods, butter, and beef naturally contain small amounts of trans fats.

Regina is a 22-year-old college student who wants to follow the Dietary Guidelines' recommendations concerning the intake of trans fat. Therefore, Regina should ______. keep her trans fat intake as low as possible while following a healthy diet substitute olive oil for canola and peanut oils in recipes eat fewer nuts, seeds, and avocados avoid refined cereals and other sources of added sugars

swordfish Explanation Because large species of fish can contain high amounts of the toxic metal methylmercury, young children, pregnant and breastfeeding women, and women who are likely to become pregnant shouldn't eat shark, king mackerel, tilefish, and swordfish. Shrimp, canned light tuna, salmon, pollock, and catfish are low in methylmercury.

Regina is pregnant and concerned about the safety of eating fish and seafood during pregnancy. Because certain kinds of fish and seafood can contain harmful amounts of methylmercury, Regina should avoid eating ______ while pregnant. catfish swordfish shrimp clams

An emulsifier is a substance that helps fat-soluble and water-soluble compounds mix with each other. Explanation Egg yolks naturally contain lecithin. Eggs are often used to emulsify oil and vinegar when making mayonnaise and mixing oil and milk in cake or pancake batters.

Regina's grandmother is teaching her how to make mayonnaise. She explains that mayonnaise is made using oil, salt, vinegar (or lemon juice), and egg yolks. Lecithin in the egg yolks acts as an emulsifier. What's an emulsifier? An emulsifier reduces acidity of a food. An emulsifier bleaches foods white. An emulsifier is a substance that helps fat-soluble and water-soluble compounds mix with each other. An emulsifier makes foods separate into oily and watery portions.

The stomach is lined with a layer of mucus that protects it.

Ryan is taking nutrition class and learning about the digestive process. When he learned that after a meal, the contents of the stomach become very acidic, he wondered why the acid in the stomach doesn't digest the organ. Why doesn't the acid break down the stomach's lining and cause holes to form in the stomach's walls? The stomach produces bile, which neutralizes the acid in the stomach and protects it. The stomach contracts during peristalsis, which pushes the acid out of the stomach and protects it. The stomach is lined with a layer of mucus that protects it. The stomach produces bacteria, which denature the acid in the stomach and protect it.

Butter The liver makes bile, which is stored in the gallbladder, until a fatty food is eaten. Bile is needed for proper fat digestion and absorption.

Skylar's gallbladder doesn't function properly. As a result of this disorder, which of the following foods does he have trouble digesting? Butter Strawberries Sugar-sweetened cola beverage Fat-free yogurt

stunted physical growth

Sudha is a 3-year-old girl living in a developing nation that has millions of children suffering from inadequate intakes of essential amino acids. She is likely to have protein malnutrition if she experiences _______. high levels of amino acids that have been stored in her liver type 2 diabetes stunted physical growth kidney stones

130; excess ketone formation Explanation The RDA for carbohydrate is 130 g per day. This is enough to prevent excess ketone body formation.

The Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA) for carbohydrates is ____ g per day. This amount of carbohydrate is enough to prevent ______. 2000; type 2 diabetes 130; excess ketone formation 60; metabolic syndrome 175; attention deficit hyperactivity disorder

serving as food for the acid-producing bacteria that live on your teeth and gums Explanation Tooth decay can be prevented by brushing and flossing after consuming carbohydrate-containing foods and beverages.

The carbohydrates in your diet can contribute to tooth decay by _______. serving as food for the acid-producing bacteria that live on your teeth and gums reducing your intake of fiber, which is needed to strengthen your teeth coating the teeth with protective dental plaque increasing the density of your teeth

glands Explanation Hormones are chemical messengers.

The endocrine system has ______ that secrete hormones. bones muscles vessels glands

insulin

The treatment for type 1 diabetes always includes ______. glucagon a high-carbohydrate diet a low-FODMAPs diet insulin

He formed extra villi in his large intestine to complete the digestion of nutrients in chyme.

Theo developed a disease that caused thick mucus to form in his small intestine. How was he affected by this disease? His stomach acid production increased, which helped break down the extra mucus in the small intestine. His ability to digest and absorb nutrients was reduced. He formed extra villi in his large intestine to complete the digestion of nutrients in chyme. He absorbed abnormally high amounts of glucose, fat, and potassium.

anaerobic

This semester, Darlene is taking an introductory microbiology class. During the laboratory component of the course, Darlene's instructor gives her a small sealed container with bacteria in it. The instructor tells Darlene to identify the kind of bacteria that's in the container. While performing tests on the bacterial sample, Darlene determines that the bacteria don't need air to survive. Based on this information, Darlene notes that the bacteria are ________. anaerobic metabolic peristaltic aerobic

drink milk and cream with meals Explanation For people who experience acid reflux, limiting the consumption of alcohol, peppermint, chocolate, and caffeine can help reduce the risk of recurrence.

Tia experiences acid reflux from time to time. To help prevent bouts of acid reflux, Tia should take all of the following steps, except _______. drink milk and cream with meals avoid eating peppermint and chocolate sit up for few hours after eating drink less alcohol

Tomas has defective hemoglobin

Tomas has sickle cell disease. To learn more about his ancestors' health, he's mapping his family's medical history. During an interview with his great-grandmother, Tomas discovers that several members of his family had sickle cell disease; two of his great uncles and a cousin died of the disease. Based on this information, _______. Tomas should take iron supplements to treat his disease Tomas has defective hemoglobin Tomas probably has Asian ancestry Tomas family members who died of sickle cell disease also suffered from obesity, type 2 diabetes, and vitamin C deficiency

$0.20/oz and $0.15/oz

What are the approximate unit prices of a 16-ounce package of frozen green beans that sells for $3.25 and a 28-ounce package of frozen green beans that sells for $4.29? $0.10/oz and $0.35/oz $0.32/oz and $0.21/oz $0.25/oz and $0.09/oz $0.20/oz and $0.15/oz

Eggs Explanation Egg yolks naturally contain lecithin. Eggs are often used to emulsify oil and vinegar when making mayonnaise and mixing oil and milk in cake or pancake batters.

When Austin tried to make pancakes, he kept stirring the ingredients, but they separated into oily and watery portions. His pancake ingredients were whole-wheat flour, milk, canola oil, and a little cinnamon and sugar. Which of the following ingredients could he add to keep the other ingredients from separating after they're stirred together? Eggs Water Baking powder Salt

The ammonia is converted to urea and excreted in the urine. Explanation Ammonia is converted to urea and excreted in the urine.

When amino acids are metabolized for energy, the nitrogen-containing component is removed, and ammonia forms. What happens to the ammonia? The ammonia is used to clean out ("detox") liver cells. The ammonia is excreted by the lungs. The ammonia is metabolized for energy. The ammonia is converted to urea and excreted in the urine.

Angina

Which of the following conditions is a symptom of atherosclerosis that affects the heart? Stroke Peripheral vascular disease Methymercury poisoning Angina

Esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, rectum When food is eaten, digested, and its nutrients absorbed, it travels the following path through the digestive system: mouth, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine.

Which of the following digestive system structures are listed in the correct order for food/chyme to move through them? Esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, rectum Small intestine, stomach, esophagus, pancreas, large intestine Mouth, esophagus, stomach, large intestine, small intestine, liver Mouth, stomach, esophagus, large intestine, small intestine, rectum

Eating too many sugary foods Explanation Excessive sugar consumption is not a risk factor for peptic ulcers. Infection of the stomach by H. pylori; heavy use of NSAIDs; heavy consumption of alcohol; smoking; a family history; and excessive stomach acid production are all risk factors that increase the risk for peptic ulcer formation.

Which of the following factors generally doesn't increase a person's risk of peptic ulcers? Eating too many sugary foods Having Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) bacteria in the stomach Using nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), such as aspirin, regularly Smoking cigarettes

Oleic acid

Which of the following fatty acids has only one double bond in its chain of carbons? Linoleic acid Oleic acid Arachidonic acid Alpha-linolenic acid

A vegetable salad made with leafy greens and topped with cashews Explanation Most animal proteins are high-quality; quinoa and soy are among the few plant sources of protein that contain high-quality proteins.

Which of the following foods is a source of low-quality protein? A casserole made with quinoa A vegetable salad made with leafy greens and topped with cashews A sandwich made with turkey A cup of soy milk

Biotin

Which of the following nutrients is produced by certain bacteria that live in the large intestine? Vitamin A Vitamin D Biotin Vitamin E

Cell, tissue, organ, organ system, organism

Which of the following responses lists the human body's organization from smallest functioning structure to largest functioning structure? Cell, tissue, organ, organ system, organism Organism, tissue, organ system, organ, cell Organ, cell, organ system, organism, tissue Tissue, organism, organ system, cell, organ

circulating blood throughout the body

While Eric was taking a nutrition class, he learned that the human body is organized into organ systems. His professor mentioned _______ is a primary function of the heart and blood vessels. enabling the body to move around and supporting the skeleton circulating blood throughout the body exchanging oxygen and carbon monoxide maintaining energy balance

essential fatty acid deficiency

William is three years of age. Six months ago, William's mother decided that her son was too fat, so she began feeding him a low-fat diet that only contained apples, peaches, orange juice, leafy greens, and fat-free milk and cottage cheese. She doesn't like red meat, vegetable oils, eggs, fish, or turkey, so she also doesn't feed these foods to her son. Recently, she noticed William's skin was scaly and not smooth, and some of his hair had fallen out. He had lost weight, but he wasn't growing taller. Based on this information, William probably has ________. essential fatty acid deficiency chronic hypertension cardiovascular disease ketosis

decreases Explanation As carbohydrate foods are digested, glucose is absorbed into the blood stream and the level of glucose in the blood starts to rise.

Wyatt is a healthy 23-year-old graduate student. When Wyatt hasn't eaten for a few hours, his blood glucose level ______ and he begins to feel hungry. doesn't change, but his ketone bodies decrease increases increases, then rapidly decreases, decreases

Diverticula Explanation Small pouches (diverticula) that form in the lining of the intestines cause a condition called diverticulosis. When diverticula become inflamed or infected, the condition is called diverticulitis.

_______ are small pouches that can form in the lining of the intestines, especially the large intestine. If these pouches trap bacteria and feces, they can become infected or inflamed, which can be very painful. Hemorrhoids Gallstones Peptic ulcers Diverticula