midterm everything

In a recent study by Deloitte _____ , percent of executives responded they are "not comfortable" using data from advanced AI systems.

67

Which of the following terms are associated with AI chatbots?

Artificial Intelligence (AI) Natural Language Processing (NLP) Natural Language Understanding (NLU)

Bias and Discrimination

Bias and discrimination in AI can be intentional or unintentional. The goal is to minimize the occurrence of bias in AI systems.

A computer connected to a network that relies on a server to provide access to resources is called a ___ server.

Client

Which three of the following are key benefits of electronic point-of-sales (POS) stations?

Decreased customer wait time Increased accuracy Increased information available to managers

A sales manager receives weekly reports on each of the sales representatives they manage. Included in these reports are weekly sales by product, what percentage of the monthly quota the rep has achieved, and the sales ranking of reps compared to other reps in the company. These reports represent what function of a marketing information system (MKIS)?

Distributing sales and marketing information

What roles does historical data play in AI modeling?

Enhancing predictions in sales forecasts Training AI to identify fraud patterns

According to Adam Smith, governments should try to control the business activities of individuals and companies because the nation's wealth depends on the wealth of these citizens. T or F

False

As a category of expenses for U.S. businesses, information technology (IT) costs are decreasing. T or F

False

Douglas McGregor believed that people who pursue careers in management are generally like-minded. T or F

False

Payroll functionality was only added to human resource information systems once they became cloud-based. T or F

False

Telecommuting is an environmentally friendly practice primarily because it enables organizations to save energy on heating and cooling, lighting, and other uses of electricity in the workplace. T or F

False

Which of the following are guiding principles for the ethical use of AI?

Follow laws, rules, and standards covering AI. Avoid forming or reinforcing unfair bias in AI systems. Design AI technologies that are socially beneficial.

What is the main purpose of a decision support system?

Help manage processes involving a variety of quickly changing inputs

Select the true statements about how machine learning can be used to solve a problem.

If-then statements are often used in machine learning models. Machine learning uses various data inputs to build an algorithm. Algorithms created by machine learning take data and answers to questions and use this to develop a machine learning model.

What distinguishes internal data from external data in AI applications?

Internal data is generated within an organization, while external data is sourced from outside entities.

Unsupervised Learning

Machine learning algorithms are used to examine and cluster unlabeled data sets.

How are managers' jobs expected to change as management information system (MIS) technology and tools improve?

Maybe- Managers will be freed from tasks performed by online services or staff using collaboration tools.

An MICR reader is an example of a POS input device. personal computer software program. mainframe installation program. client-server authorization program.

POS input device.

Potential Drawbacks of AI

Privacy concerns Job losses due to automation

Interagency Coordination

Sharing of experiences and best practices for AI governance should be maintained between governmental agencies.

According to the Observer Effect, an employee whose work is monitored will become nervous as their manager focuses attention on them and will therefore be less productive.

T or F False

Identifying logistical problems is an important function of data analytics.

T or F True

Put the steps for how an image of a house can be created using GANs in the correct order.

The GAN is fed actual images of houses. The generator is fed random inputs. The generator creates a sample based on these inputs. If the discriminator chooses the real image instead of the generated image, the system will continue to develop/adjust generated images.

Privacy

The goal of machine learning practitioners is to design models that garner ideas and insights from data sets without revealing specific or sensitive data found within the data set.

Select the true statements about generative adversarial networks (GANs).

The neural networks in a GAN include a discriminative network. The neural networks in a GAN include a generative network. GANs are designed to compete against each other (this is why they are termed adversarial) to create artificial instances of data that are interpreted as real data.

What function of a micro-networked POS systems is responsible for increased accuracy of employees when ringing up customer purchases? Increased training on how to use POS systems The total button which automatically added up the amount owed for items purchased Centralized mainframes that allowed different cash registers to be connected to one network Data backups that occur while items are being rung up

The total button which automatically added up the amount owed for items purchased

While a decision support system can analyze and interpret a large amount of rapidly changing data, it cannot provide the analysis needed to ultimately make the decision. T or F

True

In which two of the following situations would an executive support system (ESS) be most helpful?

Vice-presidents require detailed reports from all divisions for a merger decision. R&D must provide sales with clear information about a new product.

The use of computer models that are designed to simulate human thought processes is referred to as Blank______ computing and is often used in complex environments where solutions may be ambiguous or difficult to uncover.

cognitive

AI is the study and application of processes that combine Blank______ and data science to enable computer-assisted or automated problem-solving.

computer

Management information systems (MIS) for communication have ______.

continued to improve and become more widely used each year

Disadvantages of Cloud-based AI

data privacy internet connectivity concerns lack of platform control

Two subfields of AI include which of the following?

deep learning machine learning

Advantages of Cloud-based AI

enhanced security cost savings increased efficiency data management

An advertising campaign for a hair removal product placed ads on different websites. The ad on each website listed a unique URL where customers could go to buy the product; otherwise the content was the same. A marketing manager needs to place ad buys for the next quarter and wants to focus all of his advertising dollars on the previous quarter's top revenue-generating websites. He uses the company's marketing information system (MKIS) to determine which URLs generated the most revenue. This is an example of using an MKIS to ______.

evaluate the return on investment for each ad placement in a marketing

A type of machine learning model that uses two neural networks is referred to as a(n) Blank______ adversarial network. These networks are designed to compete against each other (this is why they are termed adversarial) to create artificial instances of data that are interpreted as real data.

generative

Machine learning systems improve their accuracy gradually through a continual process of learning and rely on Blank______ interaction and input to assist in creating learning.

human

Which of the following are neural network layers?

input layer hidden layer

Which of the following are potential drawbacks of AI?

job losses due to automation privacy concerns

In his text, "The Human Side of Enterprise," Douglas McGregor focused on manager attitudes toward their employees. employee attitudes about their work. how to hire better employees. the correct management method.

manager attitudes toward their employees.

Which of the following statements best defines the purpose of data analytics?

maybe Data analytics helps increase organizational performance by drawing meaning from large amounts of data.

What is one major distinction between telecommuting and flextime arrangements?

maybe- Telecommuters often must work during regular business hours.

Which of the following are ethical considerations of AI?

privacy surveillance bias and discrimination

Which of the following services are provided by Cloud computing networks?

processing software applications storage

The purpose of executive support systems (ESS) is to ______.

support decision making by compiling and organizing data into clear, usable reports

What is Frederick Taylor's four principles of scientific management? task specialization, clear lines of authority, value of communication, and management training ethical productivity, task measurement, lean manufacturing, and division of labor task measurement, employee development, worker-manager collaboration, and management training division of labor, strong organizational communication, employee retention, and team unity

task measurement, employee development, worker-manager collaboration, and management training

The first modern transaction processing system was checking account. PayPal. the ATM. the cash register.

the cash register.

In his theories of management, Peter Drucker placed special emphasis on the importance of involving employees in the goal-setting process. the implications of a rising blue-collar population. the principles of macroeconomic theory. the importance of setting profit goals.

the importance of involving employees in the goal-setting process.

Cloud computing can best be described as computing data analyses in the cloud. setting up a private server on the Internet. avoiding issues with the Internet to store data. using the Internet to store and access resources.

using the Internet to store and access resources.

Which two of the following are examples of managers using a decision support system?

A doctor evaluating a patient with complex, unusual symptoms tracks the patient's symptoms in the electronic health record (EHR) during the exam. The EHR analyzes the symptoms, suggesting possible illnesses related to the symptoms. A sales manager wants to know how customer responses to a large, multistate sales promotion affect each of his reps' sales in real time.

What was Weber's view on the use of physical force? A police force overseen by a local government enforces laws within a community A utopian society where no use of force is necessary At an auto parts manufacturer, a foreman is allowed to use force to speed up workers so quotas are met. A school where teachers were allowed to use physical force to keep students in line

A police force overseen by a local government enforces laws within a community

Which three of the following are examples of a business that would benefit from scheduling software?

A restaurant that is open for lunch and dinner and has a full bar staffed with a bartender. There are 50 tables in the restaurant and each server is responsible for no more than five tables at a time. A daycare center that is open Monday through Saturday from 7:00 am until 6:00 pm. There are six classrooms and each must have two teachers present at all times. No employee may work more than 40 hours per week. A national drugstore chain whose policy is that there must be two cashiers, one stock person, and one manager or assistant manager working per shift.

Select the true statement about artificial general intelligence (AGI).

AGI can potentially perform any intellectual task a human can.

Select the true statements about AI detection software.

AI detection software is designed to counter the risk of plagiarism. AI detection software is offered by OpenAI. AI detection can help to ensure submitted work is unique, authentic, and not generated by AI.

Select the true statements about AI language models.

AI language models, specifically transformer-based models, use neural networks that can process input text accurately. AI language models are computer software programs that use AI to process and generate human languages. There are a number of AI language models in use including GPT-3 and GPT-4.

What are potential misuses of AI that need to be guarded against?

AI surveillance applications Using AI for deepfakes AI-enabled cyberattacks

Select three circumstances that describe when one might use mainframe computers.

An airline taking reservations. A warehouse restocking a recently published book. A company seeking better operational efficiency.

Which of the following is an example of an employee behaving in a way that confirms the theories of Elton Mayo? More than one answer may be correct.

An employee comes in to work every day and competently does the tasks that are assigned to him. He does not frequently engage with his manager and is unsure how his job relates to the overall company goals. Although he used to frequently finish his tasks earlier than assigned, lately he is unable to complete them all in one day. An editorial assistant is hired after college graduation by an editor in chief at a publishing house. Although the assistant's main tasks are to make appointments, arrange for conference travel, and send out review copies, the editor in chief frequently meets with the assistant to let her know details of how conferences went and how books she has worked on are selling, describing to the assistant how these sales occur and why each conference is important. The assistant finds herself staying late at work to ensure that everything is done correctly and looks forward to her meetings with her boss.

Which of the following are true statements about bias in AI?

Cognitive bias includes conscious or unconscious errors in cognition that impact an individual's judgments, assumptions, and decision making. Biases in AI often result from two factors: cognitive bias or incomplete data. AI bias is defined as variance that exists in the output provided by AI algorithms.

How do managers use personal computers for their business needs? More than one answer may be correct. Communicating via email Creating and using databases and spreadsheets Keeping internal communication confidential Managing database operations

Communicating via email Creating and using databases and spreadsheets

Surveillance

Countries across the globe have installed millions of cameras to actively monitor public spaces. This rapid deployment of monitoring systems is concerning to many civil rights activists.

Reinforcement Learning

Covers decision-making processes and focuses on using machine learning to analyze a scenario which in turn creates learning.

Which of the following are true statements about trust in AI platforms?

Creating transparency is an important step in building trust in AI platforms. In a recent study by Deloitte, 67 percent of executives responded they are "not comfortable" using data from advanced AI systems. Collaboration can help to build trust in AI platforms.

Human Judgement

Do humans need to be involved in AI training and for AI systems to optimally run? Should this be a concern?

What roles are important in an in-house AI team?

Domain experts Data scientists Engineers

Which three of the following are components of supply chain management systems?

Forecast future inventory needs Ability to create and process purchase orders Manage inventory in real time

The FTC acknowledged that AI has the potential to advance almost every industry, but all of this potential comes with some negative risks that must be addressed. Concerning AI, which of the following does the FTC urge organizations to provide evidence of?

Hold themselves accountable for compliance, ethics, fairness, and nondiscrimination. Explain how algorithms make decisions. Ensure that decisions are fair, robust, and empirically sound.

Select the true statements about information architecture.

IA is about helping people understand their surroundings and allowing them to find what they're looking for in the real world and online. Many experts agree that there is no AI without the analysis and implementation of IA. IA is a crucial component of the overall AI strategy of an organization.

IBM's AI Ladder Approach to AI

INFUSE, ANALYSE, ORGANIZE, COLLECT

Select three options that describe advancements made in point-of-sale (POS) system software in the 1990s (in addition to in-store sales and tax tracking).

Immediate communication with internal financial teams Across-chain sales and inventory tracking Stronger connection with customers

Which of the following are guiding principles for the ethical use of AI?

Incorporate transparency and accountability concerning AI practices. Follow laws, rules, and standards covering AI. Implement data security and privacy principles.

Potential Positive Outcomes of AI

Increased productivity Diminished human-caused errors Decreased human risk and injury

Which of the following best explains why data governance is important in AI implementation?

It is crucial for maintaining data quality, consistency, and ethical standards.

Which of the following statements describes a typical characteristic of telecommuting? More than one answer may be correct. It requires reliable, high-speed Internet access. It allows the employee to work from almost anywhere. It can place additional demands on the employee's time. It requires the employee to conduct work over the phone.

It requires reliable, high-speed Internet access. It allows the employee to work from almost anywhere. It can place additional demands on the employee's time.

Which two of the following are reasons why employee scheduling software was originally developed?

Make the execution of management policies more consistent Improve the quality of employee performance

How have management information systems (MIS) changed the management of organizations?

Managers can have more information and data about the organization to help them make smarter decisions. Managers (and employees) can communicate different types of information in a greater variety of ways.

Select the true statements about neural networks.

Neural networks are a type of machine learning process called deep learning. A neural network is a method in artificial intelligence that teaches computers to process data in a way that is inspired by the human brain. Interconnected artificial neurons are the main building blocks of simple neural networks.

An executive support system (ESS) would be most useful in which of the following situations? More than one answer may be correct. Reports from all divisions are needed quickly for a crucial decision. The Board needs detailed information about a new product from the research and development group. Human resources are needed to assist certain work groups who are showing overtime stress. All divisions need integrated data centralization and relationship creation.

Reports from all divisions are needed quickly for a crucial decision. The Board needs detailed information about a new product from the research and development group.

What is a main proposition or argument of John Locke's labor theory of property? People can only accumulate property or wealth by laboring together as a group. Protecting personal property or wealth is the responsibility or job of the owner. Since people own their own labor, they naturally own the products of their labor. Laboring on natural resources does not make this shared property personal property.

Since people own their own labor, they naturally own the products of their labor.

Scientific Integrity and Information Quality

The establishment and maintenance of high standards as they relate to AI information quality and decision making can assist in gaining public trust and confidence in AI.

Which of the following are AI initiatives designed to govern the use of artificial intelligence?

The establishment of the U.S. AI Safety Institute Consortium under NIST The AI Act by the European Union President Biden's executive order on AI safety

Disclosure and Transparency

There must be a method to detect when AI is in use as well as a way to address possible impacts of AI on end-users.

Which statement best describes the impact of management information systems (MIS) for communication? They have created a new, upper level of management in many technology organizations. They have vastly improved organizations' ability to communicate effectively and efficiently. They have made information technology (IT) the most profitable department in organizations. They have popularized the use of video, such as for video conferencing and webcasts.

They have vastly improved organizations' ability to communicate effectively and efficiently.

Providing distribution managers with real-time information about where products are in the logistics process is one of the ways a supply chain management system maximizes efficiency. T or F

True

Select the true statements about unsupervised learning.

Unsupervised algorithms are used to uncover hidden associations within data sets or patterns within data sets that may go unnoticed without the assistance of humans. In unsupervised learning, machine learning algorithms are used to examine and cluster unlabeled data sets. In unsupervised learning, clustering is used.

Which of the following are true statements about Chat GPT?

Unsupervised learning uses machine learning algorithms to identify patterns in text data without the input or interference of humans. Chat GPT was developed by OpenAI ChatGPT is an extensive language model that is trained on vast amounts of text data.

Supervised Learning

Uses data class labels within datasets that specify what the data represents. These class labels are used to create the classification model.

Public Participation

When financially feasible and including adherence to legal requirements, organizations should allow the public to be part of the AI rule-making processes and procedures.

According to the Hawthorne effect, when do employees become more productive?

When they know their work is being monitored.

Select all technology options for video conferencing from the following list. More than one answer may be correct. Zoom and WebEx on a desktop computer systems with cameras, microphones, and dedicated Internet connections FaceTime and Skype on a mobile phone Snapchat and YouTube on a tablet

Zoom and WebEx on a desktop computer systems with cameras, microphones, and dedicated Internet connections FaceTime and Skype on a mobile phone

At the time cash registers were invented, "ringing up" a customer meant _____.

a cash register rang each time the cash drawer was opened, alerting a shop owner of register activity

A marketing manager wants to determine which marketing campaign for a specific product was the most successful as determined by the amount of revenue generated. She uses the company's MKIS to determine how much revenue was generated for each of the three major campaigns run that year to determine revenue generated as compared to the cost of the campaign. This is an example of using an MKIS to evaluate the return on investment for each ad placement in a marketing. construct a marketing model. assist with cost-benefit analysis. evaluate competitive marketing campaigns.

assist with cost-benefit analysis.

The variance that exists in the output provided by AI algorithms is referred to as AI:

bias

How can working with management information system (MIS) affect work-life balance? More than one answer may be correct.

maybe -A steady flow of business information and the need to respond can encroach on personal time. -The temptation to work overtime or without breaks can lead to competition and stress.

Which of the following is an example of a primary function of human resource information system? More than one answer may be correct.

maybe- -A small company selects employees who should be considered for promotion by determining which employees have received the top 10% of performance evaluation scores over a three-year period. -A large corporation changes which insurance carrier will offer health insurance to its employees. Each employee receives an email denoting which of the new insurance carrier's plans is most similar to the plan they are currently signed up for. -An independent bookstore wants to open a new store in a neighboring city and needs to determine how many employees it should hire based on the characteristics and square footage of the new store.

Which of the following scenarios describes a situation that would benefit from a mobile POS system? More than one answer may be correct.

maybe- 1. A pop-up art space is opening downtown. They will be in their retail space for two months before closing up shop and hope to sell the works of three local artists. They would like to use one system to manage inventory, purchasing and customer payment. 2. A handy man runs a business where he does small repairs and maintenance work at homes in his town. He does not advertise and gains new client by word of mouth only. Currently, he only accepts cash or check for payment but would like to accept credit and debit cards. 3. Two yoga instructors plan on offering weekly pop-up yoga classes for small children and their parents. They will advertise on social media and parents will pay the fee as they arrive for the class. Each class will be held a different local brewery or restaurant before it opens for the day.

In addition to advancements in computer hardware, what drove improvements to POS ( point-of-sale) system in the 1990's?

maybe- an increasingly diverse group of users and their needs

According to Frederick Taylor, the purpose of management is to

most likely- to make every business as productive and prosperous as possible

Cognitive systems use a decision-making approach similar to that used by humans to analyze large data sets to make decisions. These systems use Blank______ language processing to read and process text like a human. They break down statements and sentences by analyzing them for grammar, structure, and relationships within the words.

natural