Midterm research ot fall 2023 hintz

Describe responses to the independent, mediating or dependent variables, example

(descriptive study)

Compare groups on an independent variable to see its impact on a dependent variable, example

(experiment or group comparisons)

Relate one or more independent variables to one or more dependent variables, example

(survey that correlates variables)

A13: The feasibility of a research study should be considered in light of:

- Cost and time required to conduct the study - Access to gatekeepers and respondents - Potential ethical concerns

A11: A review of the literature prior to formulating research questions allows the researcher to :

- Provide an up-to-date understanding of the subject, its significance, and structure - Guide the development of research questions - Present the kinds of research methodologies used in previous studies

Questions to be answered in order for a proposal to advance (9)

1. What do readers need to better understand your topic? 2. What do readers need to know about your topic? 3. What do you propose to study? 4. What is the setting, and who are the people you will study? 5. What methods do you plan to use to collect data? 6. How will you analyze the data? 7. How will you validate your findings? 8. What ethical issues will your study present? 9. What do preliminary results show about the practicability and value of the proposed study?

Good qualitative purpose statements contain information about: 4 things

1. central phenomenon explored 2. participants in the study 3. research site 4. emerging design

qualitative research questions have 2 forms

1. central question 2. sub-questions

a purpose statement needs to be 3 things

1. clear 2. informative 3. specific

three approaches for use of variables in quantitative research questions

1. compare groups 2. relate one or more variables 3. describe responses to the variables

mixed methods proposal format

1. introduction 2. literature review 3. methods 4. researchers resources and skills to conduct 5. potential ethical issues 6. references 7. appendixes

Qualitative proposal format

1. introduction 2. purpose 3. research question 4. procedures 5. preliminary pilot findings 6. expected impact and significance of the study 7. references 8. appendecies

Quantitative proposal format

1. introduction 2. review of the literature 3. methods 4. preliminary or pilot study 5. appendixes

Qualitative research questions do not have a

1. no hypothesis 2. no objectives

Before designing a proposal

1. outline the topics 2. general order of topics 3. be aware of good writing practices 4. ethical practices - be aware and anticipate

Proposals should clearly articulate: 3 things

1. purpose statement 2. research problem 3. research question

Mixed methods questions and hypothesis have at least 3 research questions

1. qualitative questions 2. quantitative question or hypothesis 3. mixed methods questions (integration or combination)

D3: A graph that uses vertical bars to represent data is called:

A bar chart

B14: When each member of a population has an equal chance of being selected, this is called:

A random probability sample

C8: An ordinal scale is:

A rank-order scale of measurement

A3: Research that seeks to examine the findings of a study by using the same design but a different sample is which of the following?

A replication study

D15: Which of the following is a form of research typically conducted by managers and other professionals to address issues in their organizations and/or professional practice?

Action research

B2: A variable that is presumed to cause a change in another variable is called:

An independent variable

C14: Active listening skills means:

Attentive listening

C13: Interview questions should:

Be delivered in a neutral tone

a description of the case and the themes that follow

Case Study

B18: When people are readily available, volunteer, or are easily recruited to the sample, this is called:

Convenience sampling

A9: A qualitative research problem statement:

Conveys a sense of emerging design

D14: Which part of a research report contains details of how the research was planned and conducted?

Design

A10: Which of the following is a good research question?

Do students with high levels of self-efficacy demonstrate more active job searching behaviours?

C10: The 'reliability' of a measure refers to the researcher asking:

Does it give consistent results?

mini-tour of the culture-sharing group, their experiences, use of native language, contrasts with other cultural groups, and questions to verify the accuracy of the data.

Ethnographic

A5: Cyber bullying at work is a growing threat to employee job satisfaction. Researchers want to find out why people do this and how they feel about it. The primary purpose of the study is:

Exploration

True or False: Write the research question and hypothesis.

FALSE: do not do both. Write only the research question or hypothesis.

B6: Which of the following can be described as a nominal variable?

Geographical location of a firm

questions are directed toward generating a theory of some process

Grounded Theory

Interviewing is the favoured approach EXCEPT when:

High numbers of respondents are needed

A1: Which of the following should not be a criterion for a good research project?

Is dependent on the completion of other projects

C3: Which of the following is true of observations?

It is often not possible to determine exactly why people behave as they do

A14: Research that uses qualitative methods for one phase and quantitative methods for the next phase is known as:

Mixed-method research

questions are broadly stated without specific reference to the existing literature or a typology of questions. Finding out what the participants experienced and in what contexts they experienced it.

Phenomenological

quantitative hypothesis

Predictions the researchers makes about the expected outcomes including any relationships amongst the variables.

Narrow the study to one idea to be explored and understood

Qualitative Purpose Statement

Use words such as: purpose, intent, study aim, or objective to signal attention. Use action verbs...understand, develop, explore, examine, generate, discover....

Qualitative Purpose Statement

Frequently used in social science and survey research

Quantitative Research Questions

Inquire about the relationship among variables

Quantitative Research Questions

Numeric estimates

Quantitative hypotheses

Uses statistical procedures in order to make predictions about populations

Quantitative hypotheses

B1: Which research paradigm is most concerned about generalizing its findings?

Quantitative research

D9: To predict the value of the dependent variable for a new case based on the knowledge of one or more independent variables, we would use

Regression analysis

predictive research

Research designed to search for variables measured at one point in time that may forecast an outcome that is measured at a different point in time.

D4: The purpose of descriptive statistics is to:

Summarize the characteristics of a data set

B10: In an experiment, the group that does not receive the intervention is called:

The control group

B8: The key defining characteristic of experimental research is that:

The independent variable is manipulated

D5: The measure of the extent to which responses vary from the mean is called:

The standard deviation

C15: All the following are strengths of focus groups EXCEPT:

They can generate a collective perspective

D12: Validity in qualitative research can be strengthened by all of the following EXCEPT:

Transcribing interviews to improve accuracy of data

C1: When designing a questionnaire, it is important to do each of the following EXCEPT

Use leading questions

D2: Which of the following is not an SPSS Type variable?

Word

stratified sample

a sample drawn in such a way that known subgroups within a population are represented in proportion to their numbers in the general population

B4: Which correlation is the strongest? a. -1.00 b. +80 c. -60 d. +05

a. -1.00

researchers want to be careful not to _______ or _______ their readers viewpoints

bias; limit

explore the process

case study

seek to understand

enthography

use ________ tense for proposals

future

discover or generate

grounded theory

make writing a

habit

Important to set the purpose statement apart and frame it so that the reader can easily _________.

identify it

a scale with equal intervals between ranks

interval

professional research

is defined as work performed to advance an individual's profession. It is a form of communication produced in a professional manner in order to facilitate work.

Alternative (Directional) hypothesis

makes a prediction about the expected outcome. Prediction based upon prior literature. The researcher makes a prediction that the dependent variable will change amongst groups.

report the stories

narrative

the simplest form of measurement

nominal

SPSS variable types

numeric, date, string

snowball sampling

participants are asked to recommend a few acquaintances for the study (word of mouth)

describe the essence of the experience

phenomenological

_______ or _______ verb tense in journal articles and disserations

present; past

basic research

pure science that aims to increase the scientific knowledge base

Indicate why you want to conduct the study

purpose statement

Most important statement in research

purpose statement

Sometimes called a study aim or research objective

purpose statement

What do you intend to accomplish

purpose statement

establishes/conveys the intent of the entire/overall research study

purpose statement

In _________ research begins with the words what or how to convey open and emerging design.

qualitative

Broad question related to exploration of a phenomenon or concept.

qualitative central question

Question is posed as a general issue

qualitative central question

intention is to explore

qualitative central question

present a broad varied perspective or meaning that the participants hold

qualitative central question

Focus on a single phenomenon or concept.

qualitative research question

Use exploratory verbs that convey the language of the emerging design

qualitative research question

Not more than five to seven in addition to the central question

qualitative subquestions

These help to narrow the focus of the study, but are also open ended

qualitative subquestions

In _________ research questions beginning with why are attempting to explain why something occurs.

quantitative

This reinforces the cause and effect relationship

quantitative questions

Scale with an absolute zero

ratio

consider ______, ________, ________ when writing

readability; voice; tense

Null hypothesis

represents the traditional approach. Prediction that in the general population there is no relationship or no significant difference between groups or variables. "There is no difference...."

Independent and dependent variables must be measured ________________

separately

Writing as

thinking

emerging design

words from the language of the type of qualitative design