MIS 301 Final
Colossal walled garden
A closed network or single set of services controlled by one dominant firm.
Enterprise resource planning
A software package that integrates the many functions (accounting, finance, inventory management, human resources, etc.) of a business.
Software package
A software product offered commercially by a third party.
Content delivery network
A systems distributed throughout the Internet (or other network) that help to improve the delivery (and hence loading) speeds of Web pages and other media.
When taken together, these features enlist websites to serve as vassal states in the Facebook empire.
API to integrate Facebook logon, likes, and other open graph features into other sites
_____ is a set of standards for exchanging messages containing formatted data between computer applications.
Electronic data interchange
Software (often on firmware) designed to make physical products and devices "smarter" by doing things like sharing usage information, helping diagnose problems, indicating maintenance schedules, providing alerts, or enabling devices to take orders from other systems is referred to as ___________.
Embedded systems
_____ refer(s) to applications that address the needs of multiple, simultaneous users in an organization or work group.
Enterprise software
Highlighting both a challenge and opportunity, Facebook's international users still contribute only a small fraction of the firm's overall ad revenue.
False
In order to expand earned-media reach, organizations should include a request at the end of their Facebook posts that requests that users reshare the information.
False
One challenge for Facebook Mobile is newsfeed ads. Users tend to ignore ads in their newsfeed even more than they do ads that appear on the side of conventional web pages.
False
One of the biggest problems facing Internet access for the world's poor is that such a small percentage of the global population living poverty lives near a mobile cellphone tower.
False
The failure of China's WeChat platform shows the folly of trying to create an application platform through a mobile app.
False
You will often hear scrum described as having roles, artifacts, and blueprints.
False
. _________ is the ability to either handle increasing workloads or to be easily expanded to manage workload increases.
Scalability
In 2018, a research firm, Cambridge Analytica, detailed a surreptitious campaign to harvest user data on a wide scale—unleashing a big firestorm for Facebook.
True
In a significant "big data" play for more accurate consumer targeting, Facebook now allows advertisers to combine externally collected data with Facebook's insights.
True
It can be easier to recruit employees before a firm goes public, since staff granted shares and options may see an upside at IPO
True
Java code that runs through the JVM interpreter is slower than the code compiled for the native operating system and processor that make up a platform.
True
Many firms with similar procedures for accounting, finance, and human resource functions might buy a software package rather than develop their own code. This is usually considered fine since these functions are often not strategic.
True
Mobile ads present such an opportunity in part because users check their phones so much, offering a chance to show many more ads throughout the day.
True
The terms web services and APIs are often used interchangeably, and refer to code and request/response standards used by this code so that other programs can call these services to perform a task.
True
To become the Web's leading photo-sharing service, Facebook didn't acquire anyone. The site simply turned on a substandard photo-sharing feature and quickly became the biggest photo-sharing site on the Web.
True
Two strategic assets considered vital to Facebook's enduring competitive advantage in social networking are switching costs and network effects.
True
Firmware is used to refer to:
a device's control programs stored on nonvolatile memory chips.
Referring to "acquiring" a firm as a way to "hire" talent.
acqui-hire
The bulk of Facebook's revenue is earned through:
advertising
Software that is free and where anyone can look at and potentially modify the code.
open source software (OSS)
Software that is free and whose code can be accessed and potentially modified by anyone.
open source software (OSS)
A(n) _____ is software that controls computer hardware and establishes standards for developing and executing applications.
operating system
Android is a software product developed by Google that allows cell phone manufacturers to control hardware and establishes standards for developing and executing applications on its platform. Android is thus an example of a(n) _____.
operating system
Where cloud providers offer services that include the hardware, operating system, development tools, testing, and hosting (i.e., the platform) that its customers use tobuild their own applicationson the provider's infrastructure.
platform as a service (PaaS)
Firms that invite other organizations to integrate with their systems via web services and APIs are often thought of as turning their products into ____________.
platforms
Products and services that allow for the development and integration of software products and other complementary goods are known as _____.
platforms
Products and services that allow for the development and integration of software products and other complementary goods. Windows, the iPhone, the Wii, and the standards that allow users to create Facebook apps are all platforms.
platforms
Studying Facebook provides a context for understanding which of the following?
privacy, platform, network effects, business value of social media
Application ______________ interfaces are programming hooks, or guidelines, published by firms that tell other programs how to get a service to perform a task such as send or receive data.
programming
Smartphone apps have a huge benefit for increasing engagement over browser-based desktop services because of _____________
push notifications
Ability to either handle increasing workloads or to be easily expanded to manage workload increases.
scalability. In a software context, systems that aren't scalable often require significant rewrites or the purchase or development of entirely new systems.
Programs written using _____ can be interpreted within their applications, rather than compiled to run directly by a microprocessor.
scripting languages
Also known as "hardened." Term used to describe technology products that contain particularly strong security features.
security-focused
A massive network of computer servers running software to coordinate their collective use.
server farm. Server farms provide the infrastructure backbone to SaaS and hardware cloud efforts, as well as many large-scale Internet services.
A negotiated agreement between the customer and the vendor.
service level agreement (SLA). The SLA may specify the levels of availability, serviceability, performance, operation, or other commitment requirements.
Organizations that have created a robust set of Web services around their processes and procedures are said to have a(n) _____.
service-oriented architecture
Web ________ are small pieces of code that are accessed via the application server, which permit interoperable machine-to-machine interaction over a network.
services
User interface refers to:
the mechanism through which users interact with a computing device
The term "software" is used to refer to:
the set of instructions that tells hardware what to do
Facebook acquired Instagram for $ ___________.
1 billion
Facebook has been used by over _________ different advertisers, and many of these are small businesses using the firm's self-service ad platform.
1 million
The Facebook-backed Libra cryptocurrency seeks to serve the _________ adults worldwide who don't have a bank account.
1.7 billion
Facebook's mobile ads now bring in more than ____ percent of the firm's ad revenue.
90
While the Health.gov failure was large and public, it was by no means an anomaly. Research firm the Standish Group estimates that in the past ten years, some ____ percent of large federal information technology projects were unsuccessful
94
Programming hooks, or guidelines, published by firms that tell other programs how to get a service to perform a task such as send or receive data. For example, Amazon.com provides APIs to let developers write their own applications and websites that can send the firm orders.
APIs
Localization
Adapting products and services for different languages and regional differences.
Which of the following has become a dominant software development methodology?
Agile development
Desktop software
Applications installed on a personal computer, typically supporting tasks performed by a single user.
Many leading content outlets use Facebook Instant Articles feature because:
Articles load faster, increasing the likelihood that they'll be read (and ads will be served)
CPM Cost per thousand impressions—the amount charged every time an ad appears 1,000 times
CPM
_____ is the term used to represent the physical components of information technology.
Computer hardware
Content adjacency
Concern that an advertisement will run near offensive material, embarrassing an advertiser and/or degrading their products or brands.
_____ is the concern that an advertisement will run near offensive material, embarrassing an advertiser and degrading their brands.
Content adjacency
_____ refer(s) to systems distributed throughout the Internet that help to improve the delivery speeds of Web pages and other media, typically by spreading access across multiple sites located closer to users.
Content delivery networks
_____ is a form of computing where systems in different locations communicate and collaborate to complete a task.
Distributed computing
By default, a post by a "liked" firm or friend will appear in your feed.
False
Facebook COO Sheryl Sandberg's ad industry experience was cultivated at Yahoo!
False
Facebook has lots of upsides in part because its audience in key demographics is so much smaller than conventional television networks.
False
Facebook is so strong due to a team of domain experts. Genius developers are allowed to stay focused on a single project, perhaps throughout their career, serving as a resource for all new employees that enter that group.
False
Which of the following is perhaps the most significant contributor to Facebook's ability to strengthen and deliver user value from the social graph?
Feeds
Which of the following statements is true regarding enterprise systems?
For many firms, installing and deploying enterprise systems have been difficult, with some firms experiencing loss or even bankruptcy from botched efforts.
_____________ problem is when others take advantage of a user or service without providing any sort of reciprocal benefit.
Free Rider
Facebook has introduced _______ Search, intending to evolve search beyond the keyword.
Graph
Initial public stock offering, the first time a firm makes shares available via a public stock exchange, also known as "going public."
IPO
A key advance of the Oculus Rift was:
It didn't make users puke.
Which statement is true of the term "cloud"?
It refers to a collection of computing resources available for access over the Internet.
What was the biggest problem with the rollout of Facebook's Beacon platform?
It was an "opt out" program
A programming language, initially developed by Sun Microsystems, designed to provide true platform independence ("write once, run anywhere") for application developers.
Java
Which additional factors favor the competitive dynamics of smartphone apps over browser-based desktop services?
Limited screen real-estate on mobile devices Smartphone apps also get an icon on the home screen Smartphones apps can access a phone's media library and cloud storage. Smartphone apps can use push notifications.
An open source software operating system.
Linux
Which of the following is an operating system?
Linux
What feature of Facebook helps new applications gain visibility among users?
News feeds
_____ refers to software that is free and that anyone can look at and potentially modify the code.
Open source software
Rails, Django, AngularJS, and ASP.NET are examples of ____________.
Programming frameworks
_____ provide the standards, syntax, statements, and instructions for writing computer software
Programming languages
Among the many ad products Facebook offers are "___________," which increase the reach of an item that a firm shares.
Promoted Posts
_____ is an attempt to profit from a falling stock price.
Short selling
Why is it potentially easier for services delivered over mobile apps to recreate a social graph than it is for users of a browser-based service?
Smartphones can access a user's address book
The phrase _____ refers to the global mapping of users, organizations, and how they are connected.
Social graph
One of the reasons behind Beacon's failure is a common one: managers failed to completely consider the components and interplay among elements in an information system. Which of the following is not a component of an information system (IS)?
Software Hardware Data Procedures People Ans- None of the above, all of the above are components of IS
______________ are methods to divide tasks related to software creation and deployment up into tasks targeted at building better products.
Software development methodologies
Firmware
Software stored on nonvolatile memory chips
. Virtualization
Software that allows a single computer (or cluster of connected computers) to function as if it were several different computers, each running its own operating system and software.
Open source software
Software that is free and where anyone can look at and potentially modify the code.
_____ systems help a firm manage aspects of its value chain, from the flow of raw materials into the firm through delivery of finished products, and services at the point-of-consumption.
Supply chain management
_________ costs are the cost a consumer incurs when moving from one product to another.
Switching
The cost a consumer incurs when moving from one product to another is known as _____.
Switching costs
_____ occur(s) when others take advantage of a user or service without providing any sort of reciprocal benefits.
The free rider problem
Which of the following is not true about potential benefits to firms that create platforms?
They can enhance network effects They can create switching costs They can widen the reach of firms and products The potential to make their products and services more useful
What reason did Mark Zuckerberg give for acquiring Oculus VR?
To start building what Zuckerberg hopes is the next major computing platform that will come after mobile.
At the time of its IPO, Facebook earned no money from mobile advertising, but today mobile brings in the majority of the firm's ad revenue.
True
By mid-2018, Instagram and WhatsApp Story features were larger than all of Snapchat‚ Äôs daily active user base.
True
China's WeChat's 2016 payment processing volume is roughly two times greater than all of PayPal's 2015 volume?
True
Critics worry that for billions of low-income users, Facebook will come to represent the only Internet they know and have access to, deepening the roots and entanglement vines of the firm's walled garden.
True
EDI is a very old standard. The two main technologies replacing EDI are extensible markup language (XML), and JavaScript Object Notation (JSON)
True
Embedded systems are special purpose software designed and included inside physical products.
True
Even specialty devices like video game consoles, television set-top boxes, Kindles and smart appliances run some form of OS.
True
Facebook actually cut back on ads in news feeds, resulting in higher profits.
True
Many entrepreneurs accept start-up capital from _____, investor groups that provide funding in exchange for a stake in the firm and often, a degree of managerial control usually in the form of a voting seat, or seats on the firm's board of directors
Venture capital firms
Facebook allows any developer to add a Facebook "Like" button to their site with just a few lines of HTML code. What advantage do websites leverage by integrating this feature?
Viral distribution
Small pieces of code that are accessed via the application server, and permit interoperable machine-to-machine interaction over a network.
Web services
Which of the following statements is true about Facebook's acquisition of WhatsApp?
WhatsApp's share of the global mobile messaging market was so much greater than Facebook's, Zuckerberg saw WhatsApp as the best way for Facebook to remain relevant in this market.
Developing work continually and iteratively, with a goal of more frequent product rollouts and constant improvement across smaller components of the larger project.
agile development
Feature creep can be defined as:
an expansion of the scope of a project.
Programming hooks, or guidelines published by firms that tell other programs how to get a service to perform a task such as send or receive data, are known as _____.
application programming interface
A(n) _____ is software that houses and serves business logic for use by distributed systems.
application server
Software that houses and serves business logic for use (and reuse) by multiple applications.
application server
Unpredicted, but highly impactful events. Scalable computing resources can help a firm deal with spiking impact from black swan events. The phrase entered the managerial lexicon from the 2007 book of the same name by Nassim Taleb.
black swans
Systems that use data created by other systems to provide reporting and analysis for organizational decision making.
business intelligence (BI) systems
A process-improvement approach (useful for but not limited to software engineering projects) that can assist in assessing the maturity, quality, and development of certain organizational business processes, and suggest steps for their improvement.
capability maturity model integration (CMMI)
A process-improvement approach that can assist in assessing the maturity, quality, and development of certain organizational business processes, and suggest steps for their improvement is known as:
capability maturity model integration.
The world population with no Internet access is roughly 3 times larger than the Facebook user base; however, most of the world's population live within range of a(n) __________
cell tower
A collection of resources available for access over the Internet.
cloud
The term _____ refers to a collection of computing resources available for access over the Internet.
cloud
Replacing computing resources—either an organization's or individual's hardware or software—with services provided over the Internet.
cloud computing
Describes the use of cloud computing to provide excess capacity during periods of spiking demand.
cloudbursting. Cloudbursting is a scalability solution that is usually provided as an overflow service, kicking in as needed.
A closed network or single set of services controlled by one dominant firm.
colossal walled garden
Developers who make applications create _____ that have the potential to add value to Facebook beyond what the firm itself provides to its users.
complementary benefits
Relating the Facebook platform to sources of value from network effects, developers creating applications create ___________________ that have the potential to add value to Facebook beyond what the firm itself provides to its users.
complementary benefits
Ensuring that an organization's systems operate within required legal constraints, and industry and organizational obligations.
compliance
An organization is said to be _____ if its systems operate within required legal constraints, and industry and organizational obligations.
compliant
A type of virtualization that allows for shared operating systems for more resource savings and faster execution.
containers. However, containers still isolate applications so they execute and move to different computing hardware, just like conventional virtualization.
Concern that an advertisement will run near offensive material, embarrassing an advertiser and/or degrading their products or brands.
content adjacency
Systems distributed throughout the Internet (or other network) that help to improve the delivery (and hence loading) speeds of Web pages and other media, typically by spreading access across multiple sites located closer to users.
content delivery networks (CDN)
Firmware refers to:
control software stored on nonvolatile memory chips.
The act of taking a job traditionally performed by a designated agent (usually an employee) and outsourcing it to an undefined, generally large group of people in the form of an open call.
crowdsourcing
Facebook's _______________ effort, where users were asked to look at Facebook phrases and offer translation suggestions for their local language, helped the firm rapidly deploy versions in dozens of markets.
crowdsourcing localization
Systems used to support customer-related sales and marketing activities.
customer relationship management (CRM)
Most enterprise software works in conjunction with a _______________, which stores and retrieves the data that an application creates and uses.
database management system (DBMS)
Sometimes referred to as database software; software for creating, maintaining, and manipulating data.
database management system (DBMS)
Internet content that can't be indexed by Google and other search engines.
deep Web
Sites that cannot be indexed by Google and other search engines are referred to as the _____.
deep web
A software package that integrates the many functions (accounting, finance, inventory management, human resources, etc.) of a business.
enterprise resource planning (ERP)
Applications that address the needs of multiple users throughout an organization or work group.
enterprise software
A strategy whereby a firm with a significant customer base adds a feature to an existing product or service and eliminates the need for any rival, stand-alone platforms. Think Apple adding video to cameras, crushing the market for the Flip cam.
envelopment
An expansion of the scope of a project.
feature creep
Software stored on nonvolatile memory chips (as opposed to being stored on devices such as hard drives or removable discs). Despite the seemingly permanent nature of firmware, many products allow for firmware to be upgraded online or by connecting to another device.
firmware
When others take advantage of a user or service without providing any sort of reciprocal benefit.
free rider problem
Open source software refers to:
free software whose source code is available for modification by anyone
Technology products with particularly strong security features are said to be _____.
hardened
If a computer system can be equated to a layered cake, which of the following combinations represents the computer system in the bottom-to-top order?
hardware, operating system, application, user
A(n) ___________________ is measured each time an ad is served to a user for viewing, i.e. each time an ad appears on someone's screen.
impression
Where cloud providers offer services that include running the remote hardware, storage, and networking (i.e., the infrastructure), but client firms can choose software used (which may include operating systems, programming languages, databases, and other software packages).
infrastructure as a service (IaaS)
A(n) _____ is an application for programmers, which includes a text editor, a debugger for sleuthing out errors, and other useful programming tools.
integrated development environment
Languages where each line of written code is converted (by a software program, called an "interpreter") for execution at run-time. Most scripting languages are interpreted languages. Many programmers also write Java applications to be interpreted by the Java Virtual Machine.
interpreted
Adapting products and services for different languages and regional differences.
localization
Packaged enterprise systems can:
make data more usable streamline processes ease the linking of systems with software
Operating systems are designed to give programmers a common set of commands to consistently interact with the hardware. These commands make a programmer's job easier by:
making it faster to write software while minimizing the possibility of errors in code.
The costs associated with each additional unit produced.
marginal costs
Small value transactions that are normally not viable when transaction fees, such as those in the US credit card market, are factored in.
microtransactions
Facebook, a firm that has built its reputation on desktop dominance, is seeing new competition, especially in _______________ where the competitive dynamics differ significantly.
mobile apps
The market for expensive, high margin, sever hardware is threatened by companies ____________________
moving applications to the cloud instead of investing in hardware.
Also known as Metcalfe's Law, or network externalities. When the value of a product or service increases as its number of users expands.
network effects
Facebook's primary competitive advantages are grounded in ________ and _____________ .
network effects and switching costs
________ selling is an attempt to profit from a falling stock price. Short sellers sell shares they don't own with an obligation of later repayment. They do so in the hope that the price of sold shares will fall. They then repay share debt with shares purchased at a lower price and pocket the difference (spread) between initial share price and repayment price.
short
The dark Web refers to:
sites that cannot be indexed by Google and other search engines.
At the heart of Facebook's appeal is a concept Zuckerberg calls the _____, which refers to Facebook's ability to collect, express, and leverage the connections between the site's users.
social graph
The global mapping of users and organizations and how they are connected.
social graph
A form of cloud computing where a firm subscribes to a third-party software and receives a service that is delivered online.
software as a service (SaaS)
Systems that can help a firm manage aspects of its value chain, from the flow of raw materials into the firm, through delivery of finished products and services at the point-of-consumption.
supply chain management (SCM)
The cost a consumer incurs when moving from one product to another. It can involve actual money spent (e.g., buying a new product) as well as investments in time, any data loss, and so forth.
switching costs
The Nest thermostat or app-controlled lighting and door locks by SmartThings are part of a category of products known as _______________.
the Internet of Things
True platform independence can be defined as:
the ability for developers to write code that can be run everywhere.
Facebook has offered a system where website operators can choose to accept a user's Facebook credentials for logging in. Users appreciate this feature because:
they can access content without having to create a new account
The LAMP stack of open source products is used:
to power many of the Internet's most popular Web sites. to power many of the Internet's most popular Web sites.
The costs associated with the design, development, testing, implementation, documentation, training and maintenance of a software system are collectively referred to as:
total cost of ownership.
An economic measure of the full cost of owning a product (typically computing hardware and/or software).
total cost of ownership. TCO includes direct costs such as purchase price, plus indirect costs such as training, support, and maintenance.
he mechanism through which users interact with a computing device
user interface (UI)
A form of cloud computing where a firm develops its own software, and then runs it over the Internet on a service provider's computers.
utility computing
Investor groups that provide funding in exchange for an ownership stake in the firm are called _____.
venture capitalists
Sometimes referred to as vertical markets. Products and services designed to target a specific industry (e.g., pharmaceutical, legal, apparel retail).
vertical niches
From the privacy and user-content fiascos faced by Facebook, managers can learn that:
violation of public trust can lead to intense public scrutiny and regulatory consequences.
When a firm runs an instance of a PC's software on another machine and simply delivers the image of what's executing to the remote device.
virtual desktops
A type of software that allows a single computer (or cluster of connected computers) to function as if it were several different computers, each running its own operating system and software.
virtualization. Virtualization software underpins most cloud computing efforts, and can make computing more efficient, cost-effective, and scalable.
Cloud computing is not typically suited for situations:
where complex legacy systems have to be ported.