MIS Chp. 6

Data Cleansing

also known as data scrubbing; consists of activities for detecting & correcting data in a database that are incorrect, incomplete, improperly formatted or redundant

Key Field

A field in a record that uniquely identifies instances of that record so that it can be retrieved, updated or sorted

Byte

A group of bits, representing a single character, which can be a letter, a number, or another symbol

File

A group of records of the same type

Database

A group of related files

Field

A grouping of characters into a word, a group of words, or a complete number, such as a person's name or age.

Entity-Relationship Diagram

A methodology for documenting databases illustrating the relationship between various entities in the database

Data Quality Audit

A structured survey of the accuracy & level of completeness of the data in an information system; can be performed by surveying entire data files, surveying samples from data files, or surveying end users for their perceptions of data quality

Data Dictionary

An automated or manual tool for storing & organizing information about the data maintained in a database

Data Administration

Responsible for the specific policies and procedures through which data can be managed as an organizational resource

Structured Query Language

SQL- the standard data manipulation language for relational database management systems

Web Mining

discovery and analysis of useful patterns and information from the World Wide Web.

Text Mining

discovery of patterns and relationships from large sets of unstructured data

Information Policy

formal rules governing the maintenance, distribution & use of information in an organization

Record

groups of related fields

In-memory Computing

technology for very rapid analysis & processing of large quantities of data storing the data in the computer's main memory rather than in secondary storage

Normalization

the process of creating small, table data structures from complex groups of data when designing a relational database

Primary Key

unique identifier for all the information in any row of a database table

Data Manipulation Language

used to add, change, delete and retrieve data in a database

Report Generator

used to create and display data in a structured/ polished format

Nonrelational Database Management Systems

Database management system for working with large quantities of structured or unstructured data that would be difficult to analyze with a relational model

Data Warehouse

Database that stores current & historical data of potential interest to decision makers throughout the company

Online Analytical Processing

OLAP, capability for manipulating & analyzing large volumes of data from multiple perspectives

Data Mart

Subset of a data warehouse, in which a summarized or highly focused portion of the organization's data is placed in a separate database for a specific population of users

Big Data

data sets with volumes so huge that they are beyond the ability of typical relational DBMS to capture, store, and analyze. The data is often unstructured or semi-structured

Database Server

A computer in a client/server environment that is responsible for running a DBMS to process SQL statements and perform database management tasks.

Query

A _____________ is used to extract data from the database in a readable format according to the user's request.

Database Management System

DBMS

Data Definition

DBMS has a __________ ____________ capability to specify the structure of the content of the database

Attributes

Each entity has specific characteristics

Foreign Key

Field in a database table that enables users to find related information in another database table

Database Administration

Refers to the more technical & operational aspects of managing data, including physical database design & maintenance

Entity

a person, place, or thing or event about which information must be kept

Relational Database

a type of logical database model that treats data as if they were stored in two-dimensional tables. It can relate data stored in one table to data in another as long as the two tables share a common data element

Sentiment Analysis

mining text comments in an email message, blog or other social media

Data Mining

more discovery-driven; ____________ _____________ provides insights into corporate data that cannot be obtained with OLAP by finding hidden patterns & relationships in large databases & inferring rules from them to predict future behavior

Hadoop

open-source software framework that enables distributed parallel processing of huge amounts of data across many inexpensive computers

Analytic Platform

pre-configured hardware-software system that is specifically designed for high speed analysis of large data sets

Bit

represents the smallest unit of data a computer can handle

Tuples

rows/ records in a relational database

Referential Integrity

rules to ensure that relationships between coupled database tables remain consistent