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MIS Final

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37) Structured knowledge is explicit knowledge that exists in formal documents and formal rules. A) TRUE B) FALSE

26) The role of entrepreneur falls into which of Mintzberg's managerial classifications? A) Decisional B) Informational C) Interpersonal D) Symbolic E) Leading

26) Using the Internet to buy or sell goods is called: A) e-commerce. B) e-business. C) an intranet. D) an extranet. E) e-government.

34) Coaxial cable is similar to that used for cable television and consists of thickly insulated copper wire. A) TRUE B) FALSE

36) Both structured and unstructured documents can contain knowledge. A) TRUE B) FALSE

44) Malicious software programs referred to as spyware include a variety of threats such as computer viruses, worms, and Trojan horses. A) TRUE B) FALSE

54) Podcasting allows subscribers to listen to live, streaming radio and other audio content. A) TRUE B) FALSE

60) Which of the following is a type of intelligent technique? A) Digital asset management B) Case-based reasoning C) CAD D) VRML E) LMS

88) DSS primarily address structured problems. A) TRUE B) FALSE

2) Which of the following is an example of a cross-functional business process? A) Identifying customers B) Transporting the product C) Creating a new product D) Assembling a product E) Paying creditors

71) The "Internet of Things" refers to a vision of a pervasive Web, in which common objects are connected to and controlled over the Internet. A) TRUE B) FALSE

83) Which of the following is an example of a direct good in the automobile industry? A) Computer equipment B) Paper C) Office furniture D) Roofing shingles E) Sheet steel

46) Content providers use ________ systems to process large amounts of very small monetary transactions cost-effectively. A) subscription B) mobile payment C) transaction fee D) micropayment E) affiliate revenue

18) Knowledge is "sticky" and not easily moved. A) TRUE B) FALSE

19) Compared to traditional goods, digital goods have: A) lower costs of production. B) higher marginal costs per unit. C) equivalent copying costs. D) similar inventory costs. E) less disintermediation.

2) Which of the following is not an IT infrastructure service component? A) Operating system software B) Computing platforms to provide a coherent digital environment C) Physical facilities management to manage the facilities housing physical components D) IT management services to plan and develop the infrastructure and provide project management E) IT education services that provide training to employees

20) All of the following statements are true about information technology's impact on business firms except: A) it helps firms expand in size. B) it helps firms lower the cost of market participation. C) it helps reduce internal management costs. D) it helps reduce transaction costs. E) it helps reduce agency costs.

21) Document management systems are essentially large databases. A) TRUE B) FALSE

88) Redesigning and automating business processes can be seen as a double-edged sword because: A) increases in efficiency may be accompanied by job losses. B) increases in efficiency may be accompanied by poor data quality. C) support for middle-management decision making may be offset by poor data quality. D) reliance on technology results in the loss of hands-on knowledge. E) it can concentrate power in the hands of senior executives.

94) The decision to purchase your own IT assets or rent them from external providers is also referred to as the rent-versus-buy decision. A) TRUE B) FALSE

95) Scalability refers to the ability of a computer, product, or system to expand to serve a large number of users without breaking down. A) TRUE B) FALSE

54) The idea that the more any given resource is applied to production, the lower the marginal gain in output, until a point is reached where the additional inputs produce no additional output, is referred to as: A) the point of no return. B) the law of diminishing returns. C) supply and demand. D) network inelasticity. E) virtual economics.

72) Which of the following decisions requires knowledge based on collaboration and interaction? A) How long will it take to manufacture this product? B) Should we work with outside vendors on new products and services? C) In which geographical locations are our products garnering the most sales? D) Which product design is the most efficient for the user in terms of energy use? E) How can we produce this product more cheaply?

96) Sociotechnical changes affecting a firm adopting new information systems requiring organizational change can be considered: A) organizational adjustments. B) strategic transitions. C) systems alterations. D) business goal transitions. E) sociotechnical transitions.

1) The interaction between information technology and organizations is influenced: A) solely by the decision making of middle and senior managers. B) by the development of new information technologies. C) by many factors, including structure, politics, culture, and environment. D) by two main macroeconomic forces: capital and labor. E) by the rate of growth of the organization.

32) You are advising a video production company on the best type of knowledge management system to help them archive digital video and sound clips. Which of the following will suit their needs? A) MOOC B) Digital asset management system C) CAD system D) VRML system E) LMS

34) A SAN is a ________ network. A) server area B) storage area C) scalable architecture D) service-oriented architecture E) software arrangement

22) A field identified in a table as holding the unique identifier of the table's records is called the: A) primary key. B) key field. C) primary field. D) unique ID. E) primary entity.

22) Retail consumer e-commerce is growing at double-digit rates. A) TRUE B) FALSE

27) Traditional online marketing, such as display ads, still constitutes the majority of all online marketing. A) TRUE B) FALSE

27) ________ is a crime in which an imposter obtains key pieces of personal information to impersonate someone else. A) Identity theft B) Spoofing C) Social engineering D) Evil twins E) Pharming

46) Which of the following seeks to enhance human perception by combining a live direct view of the physical world with computer-generated images? A) AR B) VRML C) CAD D) KWS E) LMS

46) Which of the following statements best describes the term business intelligence? A) Software developed exclusively for business management B) The tools and techniques used to analyze and understand business data C) The infrastructure for collecting and managing business data D) Information systems involved in business decision making E) Enterprise systems used to make business decisions

47) 3-D printers can produce fully functioning components, such as working batteries and LEDs. A) TRUE B) FALSE

48) Which of the following companies is not identified in the text as one of the leading producers of business intelligence and analytics products? A) Google B) Microsoft C) SAP D) IBM E) SAS

49) Information systems can be used at the industry level to achieve strategic advantage by: A) building industrywide, IT-supported consortia and symposia. B) raising the bargaining power of suppliers. C) encouraging the entry of new competitors. D) enforcing standards that reduce the differences between competitors. E) decreasing switching costs.

49) Instant messaging is a type of ________ service. A) chat B) cellular C) e-mail D) wireless E) network

49) The Gramm-Leach-Bliley Act: A) requires financial institutions to ensure the security of customer data. B) specifies best practices in information systems security and control. C) imposes responsibility on companies and management to safeguard the accuracy of financial information. D) outlines medical security and privacy rules. E) identifies computer abuse as a crime and defines abusive activities.

49) The term big data refers to all of the following except: A) datasets with fewer than a billion records. B) datasets with unstructured data. C) machine-generated data (i.e. from sensors). D) data created by social media (i.e. tweets, Facebook Likes). E) data from Web traffic.

5) According to the chapter case, ABB decided to switch from its existing corporate intranet for all of the following reasons except: A) the intranet was too expensive to maintain. B) the intranet was too static and outmoded to meet its current needs. C) the intranet had poor capabilities for searching for information. D) the intranet lacked collaboration tools. E) the intranet was confusing and inefficient.

67) ________ attempts to leverage the fact that there is always some demand, however small, for a product. A) Long tail marketing B) Behavioral targeting C) Crowdsourcing D) Demand prediction software E) Lead generation marketing

7) The decisions involved in creating and producing a corporate intranet can be classified as ________ decisions. A) semi-structured B) procedural C) ad hoc D) structured E) unstructured

7) What is meant by the statement "knowledge is sticky"? A) Knowledge is hard to move. B) Knowledge is universally applicable. C) Knowledge works only in certain situations. D) Knowledge is intangible. E) Knowledge is difficult to replace.

73) Viral marketing is like traditional word-of-mouth marketing except that it is spread via online communities. A) TRUE B) FALSE

73) Which of the following has a large number of sensing and processing nodes that continuously interact with each other? A) Neural network B) Expert system C) CBR D) Fuzzy logic system E) Genetic algorithm

74) The behavioral targeting of ads results in consumers responding ten times more frequently than when delivered ads randomly. A) TRUE B) FALSE

77) The practice of contracting custom software development to an outside firm is commonly referred to as: A) outsourcing. B) scaling. C) service-oriented architecture. D) application integration. E) utility computing.

81) All of the following are physical components of an RFID system except: A) bar codes. B) antennas. C) radio transmitters. D) tags. E) a stationary or handheld device.

81) Which type of intelligent agent models the behavior of consumers, stock markets, and more, by seeing them as autonomous agents that follow relatively simple rules for interaction? A) Agent-based modeling B) MOOC C) AR D) VRML E) Genetic algorithm

83) The concept of a future web in which it is commonplace for everyday objects to be connected, controlled or monitored over the Internet is called: A) the Internet of Things. B) the Semantic Web. C) Internet2. D) a 3-D Web. E) Web 2.0.

85) Today, many business firms continue to operate legacy systems because they meet a business need and would be costly to replace. A) TRUE B) FALSE

86) Expert systems capture the knowledge of skilled employees in the form of a set of rules in a software system that can be used by others in the organization. A) TRUE B) FALSE

60) Which of the following is a service provided by the Internet that uses universally accepted standards for storing, retrieving, formatting, and displaying information in a page format? A) HTML B) The World Wide Web C) E-mail D) An extranet E) FTP

62) Big data is too unwieldy to analyze for consumer preferences. A) TRUE B) FALSE

62) Exposing an individual to ads that are chosen and based on the recorded and analyzed online behavior of the individual is referred to as: A) clickstream advertising. B) behavioral targeting. C) online profiling. D) long tail marketing. E) crowdsourcing.

82) ESS: A) support the structured decision making of senior executives. B) have the ability to drill down into lower levels of detail. C) easily integrate data from different systems. D) are primarily driven by information derived from a company's transaction processing systems. E) enable operational managers to create parameterized reports.

84) Systems that integrate different types of techniques, such as genetic algorithms, fuzzy logic, neural networks, and expert systems, into a single application are called ________ systems. A) differential intelligence B) hybrid AI C) machine learning D) enterprise learning E) CAD

85) Expert systems are the primary tools used for knowledge discovery. A) TRUE B) FALSE

86) EDI standards that take advantage of network communications have yet to be fully implemented at the industry level. A) TRUE B) FALSE

88) Exchanges have become one of the most popular types of Net marketplace because they encourage competitive bidding that drives prices down. A) TRUE B) FALSE

88) Expert systems work by applying a set of AND/OR rules against a knowledge base, both of which are extracted from human experts. A) TRUE B) FALSE

91) Fuzzy logic systems "learn" patterns from large quantities of data by sifting through data, searching for relationships, building models, and correcting over and over again the model's own mistakes. A) TRUE B) FALSE

91) Smartphones typically feature state-of-the-art encryption and security features, making them highly secure tools for businesses. A) TRUE B) FALSE

92) Because neural network applications cannot always explain why they arrive at a particular solution, they are not well suited for use in the medical profession. A) TRUE B) FALSE

92) Sensitivity analysis predicts outcomes from constant inputs. A) TRUE B) FALSE

94) Disciplines that contribute to the technical approach to information systems include: A) computer science, engineering, and networking. B) operations research, management science, and computer science. C) engineering, utilization management, and computer science. D) management science, computer science, and engineering. E) economics, sociology, and psychology.

94) GDSS requires a dedicated conference room with special hardware and software tools. A) TRUE B) FALSE

94) Intelligent agents can discover underlying patterns, categories, and behaviors in large data sets. A) TRUE B) FALSE

95) GDSS are designed to display data in the form of digitized maps. A) TRUE B) FALSE

95) Today's AI systems are about to come up with new and novel solutions to problems. A) TRUE B) FALSE

96) KPI analysis is the leading methodology for understanding the most important information needed by a firm's executives. A) TRUE B) FALSE

96) TCO refers to the original cost of purchased technology: both hardware and software. A) TRUE B) FALSE

97) Psychologists study information systems with an eye to understanding: A) how systems affect individuals, groups, and organizations. B) how human decision makers perceive and use formal information. C) how new information systems change the control and cost structures within the firm. D) the production of digital goods. E) mathematically based models and physical technology.

3) Which of the following statements best describes the relationship between collaboration and knowledge management? A) Collaboration is impossible without knowledge. B) Knowledge is impossible without collaboration. C) Knowledge is useful only when shared with others. D) As knowledge improves, so does collaboration. E) Knowledge is the result of collaboration.

25) Which of the following is a highly structured decision? A) Creating a new product B) Estimating the effect of changing costs of supply materials C) Calculating the best trucking routes for product delivery D) Granting credit to a customer E) Forecasting new industry trends

3) Order fulfillment involves all of the following business processes except: A) checking the customer's credit. B) assembling the product. C) submitting the order. D) making customers aware of the product. E) shipping the product.

42) Which of the following best illustrates the sales revenue model? A) eBay receives a small fee from a seller if a seller is successful in selling an item. B) Yelp receives a fee after steering a customer to a participating website where he or she makes a purchase. C) Pandora provides basic services for free, but charges a premium for advanced services. D) Apple accepts micropayments for single music track downloads. E) Netflix charges customers a monthly fee for access to its library of movies.

45) VR systems: A) provide engineers, designers, and factory managers with precise control over industrial design and manufacturing. B) automate the creation and revision of designs. C) use machines to make solid objects. D) provide architects, engineers, and medical workers with precise, photorealistic simulations of objects. E) enable acquiring, storing, and disseminating knowledge documents in a virtual world.

65) Backward chaining is: A) a strategy for searching the rule base in an expert system that begins with information entered by the user. B) the programming environment of an expert system. C) a method of organizing expert system knowledge into chunks. D) a strategy for searching the rule base in an expert system that begins with a hypothesis. E) a programming algorithm used to create a virtual world using VRML.

55) BI that is designed to determine the most likely effects of changes in the business environment is called: A) statistical modeling. B) environmental analytics. C) predictive analytics. D) big data analytics. E) parameterized reports.

71) You are an automotive engineer working on an application that will automatically parallel park a car. The intelligent technique you may find most useful is: A) CBR. B) AI. C) fuzzy logic. D) expert system. E) a neural network.

72) Fuzzy logic is a type of: A) data mining. B) a neural network. C) an intelligent technique. D) business intelligence. E) CBR.

74) Which of the following describes a difference between neural networks and genetic algorithms? A) Genetic algorithms are designed to process large amounts of information. B) Genetic algorithms are a type of knowledge discovery, while neural networks are an intelligent technique. C) Neural networks are programmed to "learn." D) Genetic algorithms are designed to work with small amounts of data, while neural networks can handle large quantities of data. E) Neural networks are a type of machine learning, whereas genetic algorithms are static programs.

79) The process of sourcing goods and materials, negotiating with suppliers, paying for goods, and making delivery arrangements is called: A) e-procurement. B) SCM. C) procurement. D) sourcing. E) production.

95) Which of the following job categories is expected to experience the most growth over the next eight years? A) Computer support specialists B) Software engineers C) Systems analysts D) Computer programmers E) Database administrators

95) You are consulting for a natural food products distributor who is interested in determining the benefits it could achieve from implementing new information systems. What will you advise as the first step? A) Identify the business ecosystem the distributor is in B) Implement a strategic transition to the new system C) Perform a strategic systems analysis D) Benchmark existing systems E) Set up a strategic transition

97) Which of the following is a milestone for the website development phase of building an e-commerce presence? A) Web mission statement B) Social media plan C) Website plan D) Web presence map E) Functional website

12) Selling the same goods to different targeted groups at different prices is called: A) cost customization. B) cost optimization. C) price gouging. D) cost personalization. E) price discrimination.

12) Which of the following are the three major types of knowledge management systems? A) MIS, DSS, and TPS B) CRM, SCM, and CAD C) DBMS, DSS, and ECM D) COPs, ECM, and MIS E) Enterprise-wide knowledge management systems, KWS, and intelligent techniques

17) Compared to digital markets, traditional markets have: A) lower search costs. B) stronger network effects. C) higher delayed gratification effects. D) reduced asymmetry. E) higher transaction costs.

19) When a firm buys on the marketplace what it cannot make itself, the costs incurred are referred to as: A) switching costs. B) network costs. C) procurement. D) agency costs. E) transaction costs.

2) All of the following are examples of "on demand" companies except: A) Uber. B) Airbnb. C) Lyft. D) Instacart. E) Instagram.

24) Which signal types are represented by a continuous waveform? A) Laser B) Optical C) Digital D) RFID E) Analog

27) ________ knowledge exists in formal documents, as well as in formal rules that organizations derive by observing experts and their decision-making behaviors. A) Unstructured B) Tacit C) Management D) Explicit E) Structured

29) All of the following are typical components or capabilities of an ECM system except: A) knowledge portals. B) communication tools. C) tagging tools. D) digital asset management. E) AR tools.

29) All of the following managerial roles can be supported by information systems except: A) liaison. B) resource allocator. C) nerve center D) disseminator. E) negotiator.

3) If you can follow a definite procedure to make a business decision, you are making a(n) ________ decision. A) ad-hoc B) procedural C) unstructured D) semi-structured E) structured

33) Which quality dimension of information is concerned that the data values of an information source fall within a defined range? A) Timeliness B) Consistency C) Completeness D) Accessibility E) Validity

35) A(n) ________ is a scheme for classifying information and knowledge in such a way that it can be easily accessed. A) Intelligent technique B) COP C) KWS D) enterprise-wide knowledge management system E) taxonomy

35) High-velocity decision making systems are growing rapidly for decisions classed as: A) semi-structured. B) financial. C) ad hoc. D) predefined. E) highly structured.

30) When managers represent their company in the outside world and perform symbolic duties, they are acting in their: A) decisional role. B) managerial role. C) informational role. D) interpersonal role. E) leadership role.

31) As discussed in the chapter text, the three main reasons that investments in information technology do not always produce positive results are: A) management support, technical logistics, and user compliance. B) organization, environment, culture. C) information quality, information integrity, and information accuracy. D) information quality, organizational culture, and management filters. E) organization, culture, and technology.

34) The dimension of ________ describes whether data elements are consistently defined. A) completeness B) accuracy C) validity D) consistency E) integrity

13) All of the following are new technology-related trends in MIS except: A) cloud computing. B) big data. C) IoT. D) the mobile digital platform. E) co-creation of business value.

89) SSL is a protocol used to establish a secure connection between two computers. A) TRUE B) FALSE

9) On which of the following protocols is the Internet based? A) TCP/IP B) FTP C) IMAP D) HTTP E) DNS

9) Which of the following dimensions of e-commerce technology has the potential to raise the quality of information? A) Information density B) Richness C) Customization D) Interactivity E) Global reach

91) What-if analysis works forward from known or assumed conditions. A) TRUE B) FALSE

92) Authentication refers to verifying that a person is who he or she claims to be. A) TRUE B) FALSE

13) Information ________ exists when one party in a transaction has more information that is important for the transaction than the other party. A) transparency B) asymmetry C) complexity D) discrimination E) competition

14) The design phase of decision making consists of discovering, identifying, and understanding the problems occurring in the organization. A) TRUE B) FALSE

18) The third stage in Simon's description of decision making is implementation. A) TRUE B) FALSE

4) The text defines ________ as the flow of events or transactions captured by an organization's system. A) information B) data C) wisdom D) knowledge E) experience

52) MSN is an example of the portal business model. A) TRUE B) FALSE

68) Which of the following is the largest mobile advertising market? A) Google B) Yahoo C) Facebook D) Microsoft E) Twitter

69) Which of the following stores descriptions of past experiences of human specialists in a database for later retrieval when the user encounters a situation with similar characteristics? A) CBR B) Fuzzy logic C) Data mining D) LMS E) Expert systems

72) Advertising networks track a user's behavior at thousands of websites. A) TRUE B) FALSE

87) Expert systems are typically used in business in discrete, highly structured decision-making situations. A) TRUE B) FALSE

35) Fiber-optic cable is more expensive and harder to install than wire media. A) TRUE B) FALSE

80) The terms used in a fuzzy logic system to describe imprecise states or conditions are referred to as: A) neural networks. B) membership functions. C) inference engines. D) taxonomies. E) tags.

97) Research has shown that a majority of firms are able to align their information technology with their business goals. A) TRUE B) FALSE

98) The use of Internet technologies allows companies to more easily sustain competitive advantage. A) TRUE B) FALSE

36) Which of the following is not an example of a wearable computing device? A) Smartwatch B) Smart glasses C) Smartphones D) Activity trackers E) Smart ID badges

70) Rich media advertisements are a sales-oriented marketing format. A) TRUE B) FALSE

61) An analysis of an information system that rates the likelihood of a security incident occurring and its cost would be included in which of the following? A) Security policy B) AUP C) Risk assessment D) Business impact analysis E) Business continuity plan

17) Which of the following is a DBMS for desktop computers? A) DB2 B) Oracle Database C) Microsoft SQL Server D) Microsoft Access E) Microsoft Exchange

34) Which of the following is a tool for the management, delivery, tracking, and assessment of various types of employee learning? A) Investment workstation B) Organizational learning system C) Employee enrichment system D) LMS E) Employee management system

44) Which of the following would not be classified as a KWS? A) CAD system B) 3D visualization system C) AR applications D) Expert system E) VR system

74) The emerging Internet of People is based on sensors attached to clothing and personal effects that monitor physical states and locations of individuals. A) TRUE B) FALSE

87) Middle management face primarily structured decisions. A) TRUE B) FALSE

87) Net marketplaces may either support contractual purchasing based on long-term relationships with designated suppliers or short-term spot purchasing. A) TRUE B) FALSE

35) Amazon.com is known primarily for its use of which of the following business models? A) Content provider B) Portal C) Market creator D) E-tailer E) Transaction broker

13) Structured decision making is most prevalent at lower organizational levels. A) TRUE B) FALSE

11) Computer networks are fundamentally different from telephone networks. A) TRUE B) FALSE

13) Specialized systems built for knowledge workers charged with discovering and creating new knowledge for a company are called: A) KWS. B) LMS. C) wikis. D) COPs. E) enterprise-wide knowledge management systems.

15) Informal social networks of professionals and employees within and outside the firm who have similar work-related activities and interests are called communities of: A) practice. B) professionals. C) interest. D) knowledge. E) expertise.

15) Removing the business process layers in a distribution channel is called: A) disintermediation. B) BPR. C) market segmentation. D) network effects. E) market transparency.

15) The choice phase of Simon's decision-making model includes choosing among solution alternatives. A) TRUE B) FALSE

16) ________ means that you accept the potential costs and obligations for the decisions you make. A) Responsibility B) Accountability C) Liability D) Due process E) Duty

17) A structured decision is repetitive and routine, for which known procedures provide solutions. A) TRUE B) FALSE

18) Compared to traditional goods, digital goods have: A) greater pricing flexibility. B) lower marketing costs. C) higher production costs. D) higher inventory costs. E) lower menu costs.

30) Which of the following would not be considered semistructured knowledge? A) Request for proposals B) Voice mail C) Videos D) E-mail E) Brochures

31) In content management, once a taxonomy is developed, documents must then be ________ with the proper classification. A) tagged B) inventoried C) tupled D) retrieved E) archived

32) The concept of management ________ describes situations in which managers act on preconceived notions that reject information that does not conform to their prior conceptions. A) filters B) backgrounds C) biases D) inefficiency E) politics

33) A MOOC is: A) a type of online course. B) an intelligent technique. C) a VR system. D) a machine learning system. E) a type of content management system.

35) Viruses can be spread through e-mail. A) TRUE B) FALSE

43) CAD workstations: A) provide engineers, designers, and factory managers with precise control over industrial design and manufacturing. B) provide an important source of expertise for organizations. C) allow groups to work together on documents. D) are high-end PCs used in the financial sector to analyze trading situations instantaneously and facilitate portfolio management. E) facilitate employee learning.

44) Which of the following best illustrates the transaction fee revenue model? A) eBay receives a small fee from a seller if a seller is successful in selling an item. B) Yelp receives a fee after steering a customer to a participating website where he or she makes a purchase. C) Pandora provides basic services for free, but charges a premium for advanced services. D) Apple accepts micropayments for single music track downloads. E) Netflix charges customers a monthly fee for access to its library of movies.

45) In the ________ revenue models, a firm offers some services for free but charges a subscription fee for premium services. A) free/freemium B) subscription C) transaction fee D) affiliate E) sales

56) Which of the following are most likely to rely primarily on production reports for their decision-making needs? A) Operational supervisors B) Senior managers C) Analytic modelers D) Business analysts E) Executives

57) Which type of information system uses data visualization technology to analyze and display data for planning and decision making in the form of digitized maps? A) GIS B) DSS C) Location analytics D) Executive support systems E) GDSS

6) Data ________ occurs when the same data is duplicated in multiple files of a database. A) redundancy B) repetition C) independence D) partitions E) discrepancy

60) You can use location analytics to determine how best to route your deliveries of products to retail outlets. A) TRUE B) FALSE

61) A GIS is a DSS designed specifically to work with spatial information. A) TRUE B) FALSE

66) Wikis allow visitors to change or add to the original posted material. A) TRUE B) FALSE

75) A pivot table is a(n): A) spreadsheet tool that displays two or more dimensions of data in a convenient format. B) type of relational database. C) chart tool that can rotate columnar data quickly and visually. D) tool for performing sensitivity analysis. E) integral data visualization tool used in digital dashboards and scorecards.

75) Genetic algorithms: A) develop solutions to particular problems using inheritance, crossover, and mutation. B) represent knowledge as groups of characteristics. C) do not work for most problems. D) are based on logic. E) seek to emulate a human expert's way of solving problems.

75) Middleware is an application that transfers information from an organization's internal database to a web server for delivery to a user as part of a web page. A) TRUE B) FALSE

76) Software programs that work without direct human intervention to carry out specific tasks for individual users, business processes, or software applications, are called: A) intelligent agents. B) intelligent techniques. C) business intelligence. D) AI hybrid systems. E) genetic algorithms.

82) The model of human knowledge used by expert systems is referred to as: A) the knowledge base. B) CBR. C) a neural network. D) expert AI E) VRML.

94) When errors are discovered in software programs, the sources of the errors are found and eliminated through a process called debugging. A) TRUE B) FALSE

96) The term data governance refers to the policies and processes for managing the integrity and security of data in a firm. A) TRUE B) FALSE

96) Which of the following is a milestone for the Phase 1: Planning phase of developing an e-commerce presence? A) Website plan B) Web mission statement C) Functional website D) Social media plan E) Mobile media plan

11) If your main supplier was late in delivering goods, which type of system would you use to update your production schedule? A) ESS B) TPS C) MIS D) DSS E) BIS

11) Improving the quality of high-value decision making by an executive will save an organization far more money than improving the quality of lesser-value decisions made at a lower level. A) TRUE B) FALSE

1) Which of the following statements best describes the business value of improved decision making? A) Improved decision making creates better products. B) Improved decision making results in a large monetary value for the firm as numerous small daily decisions affecting efficiency, production, costs, and more add up to large annual values. C) Improved decision making enables senior executives to more accurately foresee future financial trends. D) Improved decision making strengthens customer and supplier intimacy, which reduces costs. E) Improved decision making creates a better organizational culture.

10) The effort required to locate a suitable product is called: A) price discrimination. B) search costs. C) menu costs. D) shopping costs. E) location costs.

20) Expertise is thought to be the collective and individual experience of applying knowledge to the solution of problems. A) TRUE B) FALSE

20) What is the primary benefit to consumers of disintermediation? A) Faster service B) Lower costs C) Higher quality D) Greater choices E) None, because disintermediation primarily benefits manufacturers.

21) E-commerce refers to the use of any networking technologies to transact business. A) TRUE B) FALSE

25) Disintermediation provides major benefits to the distributor. A) TRUE B) FALSE

55) In the affiliate revenue model, firms derive revenue by selling information or services through partner e-commerce sites. A) TRUE B) FALSE

59) Data mining allows users to: A) quickly compare transaction data gathered over many years. B) find hidden relationships in data. C) obtain online answers to ad-hoc questions in a rapid amount of time. D) summarize massive amounts of data into much smaller, traditional reports. E) access the vast amounts of data in a data warehouse.

78) Which of the following statements about EDI is not true? A) Each major industry in the United States has EDI standards. B) Today, EDI is only used for document automation. C) Many organizations still use private networks for EDI. D) EDI systems are increasingly web-enabled. E) About 80 percent of online B2B e-commerce is still based on EDI.

14) Varying a product's price according to the supply situation of the seller is called ________ pricing. A) menu B) flexible C) dynamic D) asymmetric E) customized

10) Which of the following is not one of Simon's four stages of decision making? A) Implementation B) Intelligence C) Analysis D) Choice E) Design

11) Information density refers to the: A) richness—complexity and content—of a message. B) total amount and quantity of information delivered to consumers by merchants. C) total amount and quantity of information available to all market participants. D) amount of information available to reduce price transparency. E) amount of physical storage space needed to store data about a specific entity, such as a product or consumer.

11) The set of business processes, culture, and behavior required to obtain value from investments in information systems is one type of: A) knowledge culture. B) knowledge discovery. C) organizational and management capital. D) organizational routine. E) knowledge.

14) Which of the following does not describe the dimensions of knowledge in a firm? A) It is contextual and applicable only in relevant situations. B) It is intangible. C) It is subject to the laws of diminishing returns. D) It is a cognitive event involving mental models. E) It is enmeshed in a firm's culture.

18) A(n) ________ represent data as two-dimensional tables. A) non-relational DBMS B) mobile DBMS C) relational DBMS D) hierarchical DBMS E) object-oriented DBMS

2) About ________ percent of the United States GDP is produced by the knowledge and information sectors. A) 15 B) 25 C) 55 D) 65 E) 85

24) The role of liaison falls into which of Mintzberg's managerial classifications? A) Decisional B) Informational C) Interpersonal D) Symbolic E) Leading

9) The ________ phase of decision making finds or recognizes a problem, need, or opportunity. A) choice B) design C) implementation D) analysis E) intelligence

21) According to agency theory, the firm is viewed as a(n): A) unified, profit-maximizing entity. B) task force organization that must respond to rapidly changing environments. C) entrepreneurial endeavor. D) "nexus of contracts" among self-interested individuals. E) entrepreneurial structure.

91) Which common database challenge is illustrated by a person receiving multiple copies of an L.L. Bean catalog, each addressed to a slightly different variation of his or her full name? A) Data normalization B) Data accuracy C) Data redundancy D) Data inconsistency E) Data duplication

1) What event marked the beginning of e-commerce? A) The first product sold online. B) The first domain name registered. C) The first e-mail sent. D) The first paid advertisements placed on a website. E) The first product advertised online.

1) Which of the following is not one of the six strategic business objectives of information systems? A) New products and services B) Improved decision making C) Competitive advantage D) Improved employee morale E) Survival

16) All of the following are increased in traditional markets compared to digital markets except: A) search costs. B) menu costs. C) switching costs. D) network effects. E) information asymmetry.

16) All of the following are intangible assets of a firm except its: A) brand. B) reputation. C) knowledge. D) information systems. E) unique business processes.

37) A drawback to high-velocity, automated decision-making systems is that they are unable to: A) handle high volumes of decisions. B) handle structured decisions. C) handle semi-structured decisions. D) control themselves and respond to new environments. E) be applied to situations outside of the financial world.

42) All of the following are considered to be knowledge workers except: A) designers. B) engineers. C) architects. D) executives. E) researchers.

57) All of the following are intelligent personal assistants for consumers except: A) Siri. B) Alexa. C) Google Now. D) Watson. E) Cortana.

59) Which of the following is not used to capture tacit knowledge? A) Expert system B) CBR C) Fuzzy logic D) Neural network E) Knowledge base

6) Which of the following statements is not an accurate description of the importance of knowledge to a firm? A) Knowledge experiences network effects as more people share it. B) Knowledge should be seen as an intangible key asset. C) Knowledge enables firms to become more efficient in their use of scarce resources. D) Knowledge is unconditional. E) Much of the firm's value relies on being able to create knowledge.

61) Which of the following techniques is used for knowledge discovery? A) Expert system B) Transaction processing systems C) CBR D) Data mining E) Fuzzy logic

63) An inference engine is: A) a strategy for searching the rule base in case-based reasoning. B) the programming environment of an expert system. C) a method of organizing expert system knowledge into chunks. D) a strategy used to search through the rule base in an expert system by forward chaining or backward chaining. E) a programming algorithm used to create a virtual world using VRML.

7) Which of the following dimensions of e-commerce technology involves engaging consumers in a dialog that dynamically adjusts the experience to the individual? A) Ubiquity B) Personalization/customization C) Richness D) Interactivity E) Information density

84) Which of the following statements about RFID is not true? A) RFIDs transmit only over a short range. B) RFIDs use an antenna to transmit data. C) Microchips embedded in RFIDs are used to store data. D) RFIDs require line-of-sight contact to be read. E) RFID tags and antennas come in a variety of shapes and sizes.

92) What percent of online retailers now have m-commerce websites? A) 15 percent B) 25 percent C) 55 percent D) 75 percent E) 85 percent

13) Which of the following statements about disruptive technologies is not true? A) Disruptive technologies radically change the business landscape and environment. B) Disruptive technologies may be substitute products that perform better than other products currently being produced. C) Disruptive technologies may sometimes simply extend the marketplace. D) Disruptive technologies may put entire industries out of business. E) Firms that invent disruptive technologies as first movers always become market leaders.

15) The term management information systems refers to a specific category of information systems serving: A) integrated data processing throughout the firm. B) transaction process reporting. C) employees with online access to historical records. D) the information technology function. E) middle management functions.

1) Which of the following is the last step in the knowledge management value chain? A) Feedback B) Acquire C) Disseminate D) Store E) Apply

11) Along with capital, ________ is the primary production input that the organization uses to create products and services. A) structure B) culture C) politics D) feedback E) labor

32) The three activities in an information system that produce the information organizations use to control operations are: A) information, research, and analysis. B) input, output, and feedback. C) data, information, and analysis. D) data analysis, processing, and feedback. E) input, processing, and output.

33) A(n) ________ signal is a discrete, binary waveform that transmits data coded into two discrete states such as 1-bits and 0-bits. A) modulated B) broadband C) T1 D) analog E) digital

48) Which of the following companies uses the service provider business model? A) Expedia B) ETrade C) Facebook D) Yahoo E) Dropbox

63) Which field of study focuses on both a behavioral and technical understanding of information systems? A) Sociology B) Operations research C) Economics D) Behavioral computing E) Management information systems

63) Which of the following defines acceptable uses of a firm's information resources and computing equipment? A) An information systems audit policy B) A CA policy C) A MSSP D) A UTM system E) An AUP

64) In data mining, which of the following involves using a series of existing values to determine what other future values will be? A) Associations B) Sequences C) Classifications D) Clustering E) Forecasting

66) Which of the following is a marketing format that uses banner ads and pop-ups with interactive features? A) Search engine ads B) Video ads C) Rich media ads D) E-mail ads E) Display ads

93) Foursquare is an example of which of the following? A) Social graph B) Collaborative shopping C) Net marketplace D) Crowdsourcing application E) Geosocial services

75) Although online tracking gathers an enormous amount of information on individual users, it is anonymous and can't be tied to a specific person.

FALSE

28) Because of their special claims to knowledge, wisdom, and respect, professionals take on special rights and obligations.

TRUE

38) Semistructured information is all the knowledge in a firm that resides in the heads of experienced employees. A) TRUE B) FALSE

89) CBR is not well-suited for diagnostic systems in medicine. A) TRUE B) FALSE

23) The Internet reduces information asymmetry. A) TRUE B) FALSE

24) All previous mass media in modern history, including the printing press, use a broadcast model where content is created in a central location by experts. A) TRUE B) FALSE

25) Mintzberg outlined three categories of managerial roles: A) interpersonal, informational, and decisional. B) control, leadership, oversight. C) operational, management, and executive. D) cultural, organizational, and technical. E) middle management, senior management, executive.

26) In general, for digital goods, the marginal cost of producing another unit is about zero. A) TRUE B) FALSE

40) The dimension of ________ in information quality describes whether the structure of data is consistent. A) integrity B) accuracy C) timeliness D) completeness E) consistency

40) Which of the following Internet business models involves a merchant creating an online digital environment that enables people with like interests to share information? A) Community provider B) Service provider C) Market creator D) Transaction broker E) Portal

41) The classical model of management does not address what exactly managers do when they plan, decide things, and control the work of others. A) TRUE B) FALSE

42) Experts from a variety of fields have found that managers are poor at assessing risk. A) TRUE B) FALSE

50) Uber uses a form of dynamic pricing. A) TRUE B) FALSE

89) An organization's rules for sharing, disseminating, acquiring, standardizing, classifying, and inventorying information is called a(n): A) information policy. B) data definition file. C) data quality audit. D) data governance policy. E) data policy.

89) Indirect goods are not involved firsthand in the production process. A) TRUE B) FALSE

89) MIS typically produce fixed, regularly scheduled reports based on data extracted and summarized from the firm's underlying transaction processing systems. A) TRUE B) FALSE

90) Fuzzy logic can describe a particular phenomenon or process linguistically and then represent that description in a small number of flexible rules. A) TRUE B) FALSE

91) Geoadvertising sends ads to users based on their: A) GPS locations. B) home addresses. C) shopping preferences. D) website behaviors. E) Google Maps settings.

93) GDSS facilitate the solution of unstructured problems by a set of decision makers working together as a group in either the same location or different locations. A) TRUE B) FALSE

93) Hybrid AI applications are being implemented in home appliances, such as washing machines. A) TRUE B) FALSE

97) The number of IS/MIS jobs is projected to grow 50% faster than the average job growth for the economy as a whole in the next eight years. A) TRUE B) FALSE

98) In 2016, the median wage for IT/MIS jobs is about twice the level for all occupations. A) TRUE B) FALSE

98) In planning a robust e-commerce presence, you will want to consider the blog platform as part of your ________ presence. A) social media B) e-mail C) community D) website E) offline media

99) IT governance refers to the overall decision-making that guides the IT strategy of a firm. A) TRUE B) FALSE

10) What is the first value-adding step in the knowledge business value chain? A) Acquire B) Data and information acquisition C) Store D) Disseminate E) Apply

2) When there is no well-understood or agreed-on procedure for making a decision, it is said to be: A) undocumented. B) unstructured. C) documented. D) semi-structured. E) ad-hoc.

38) A computer virus replicates more quickly than a computer worm. A) TRUE B) FALSE

39) Transaction brokers: A) generate revenue from advertising or from directing buyers to sellers. B) save users money and time by processing online sales transactions. C) provide a digital environment where buyers and sellers can establish prices for products. D) sell physical products directly to consumers or individual businesses. E) provide online meeting places where people with similar interests can communicate.

49) Which of the following is not one of the six main elements in the business intelligence environment discussed in this chapter? A) Managerial users and methods B) Organizational environment C) User interface D) Data from the business environment E) Delivery platform

50) VRML requires the use of a powerful server as well as large amounts of bandwidth. A) TRUE B) FALSE

9) The fact that a traditional file system cannot respond to unanticipated information requirements in a timely fashion is an example of which of the following issues with traditional file systems? A) Program-data dependence B) Lack of flexibility C) Poor security D) Lack of data sharing E) Data redundancy

90) A new social mobile app you are developing allows users to find friends who are logged in and within a 10-mile radius. This would be categorized as a ________ service. A) geosocial B) geoinformation C) geoadvertising D) geomapping E) geolocating

90) DSS are a special category of location analytics. A) TRUE B) FALSE

90) In a large organization, which of the following functions would be responsible for physical database design and maintenance? A) Data administration B) Database administration C) Information policy administration D) Data auditing E) Database management

68) Expert systems are expensive and time consuming to maintain because: A) their rule base is so complex. B) they rely on equipment that becomes outdated. C) their rules must be reprogrammed every time there is a change in the environment, which in turn may change the applicable rules. D) only the person who created the system knows exactly how it works, and may not be available when changes are needed. E) it is difficult to program at this level of complexity without introducing software bugs.

68) Which of the following is the greatest obstacle in enabling collaboration between employees at different, distant corporate locations? A) Privacy B) Permissions C) Time zones D) Language E) Corporate culture

8) What are the four layers of the TCP/IP reference model? A) Physical, application, transport, and network interface B) Physical, Application, Internet, and Network Interface C) Application, Transport, Internet, and Network Interface D) Application, Hardware, Internet, and Network Interface E) Software, Hardware, Network Interface, Internet

8) Which of the following dimensions of e-commerce technology involves the integration of video, audio, and text marketing messages into a single marketing message and consumer experience? A) Ubiquity B) Personalization/customization C) Richness D) Interactivity E) Social technology

82) Which of the following statements about exchanges is not true? A) Exchanges are independently owned third-party Net marketplaces. B) Some exchanges provide vertical markets. C) Exchanges are the most successful form of B2B commerce. D) Some exchanges enable a spot market. E) Go2Paper is an example of an exchange.

86) GDSS such as Cisco Collaboration Meeting Rooms Hybrid can handle up to: A) 5 participants. B) 50 participants. C) 500 participants. D) 1000 participants. E) 5000 participants.

81) The management methodology of using a firm's strategy to generate operational targets for the business and measuring progress towards them using the firm's enterprise systems is called: A) benchmarks. B) KPIs. C) the balanced scorecard method. D) BPM. E) business intelligence.

84) GDSS: A) are designed to allow meeting attendees to share their thoughts in real-time with their peers. B) support decisions that require knowledge about the geographic distribution of resources. C) are only used with geographically dispersed attendees. D) facilitate the solution of unstructured problems. E) provide tools that allow managers to visualize data.

85) GDSS capabilities have improved along with all of the following except: A) improved power of desktop PCs. B) explosion of mobile computing. C) growth of cellular networks. D) increase in dedicated conference rooms. E) expansion of Wi-Fi bandwidth.

9) Changing organizational behavior by sensing and responding to new experience and knowledge is called: A) change management. B) knowledge leveraging. C) the knowledge value chain. D) machine learning. E) knowledge management.

99) Which of the following is not one of four types of presence to be considered when building an e-commerce presence? A) Offline media B) Websites C) Social media D) Corporate E) E-mail

87) Which of the five moral dimensions of the information age does spamming involve? A) Quality of life B) System quality C) Accountability and control D) Information rights and obligations E) Property rights and obligations

85) Procurement involves all of the following except: A) negotiating with suppliers. B) paying for goods. C) making delivery arrangements. D) sourcing. E) production scheduling.

36) Which of the following describes how the Simon framework of decision-making works in high-velocity decision environments? A) Only the initial step is performed by the software; the final three steps are handled by humans. B) The first two steps of Simon's framework are eliminated and the final two steps are handled by software algorithms. C) The first three steps of the process are handled by software algorithms and the final step is handled by experienced managers. D) All four steps are performed by humans with the support of high-speed, high-volume DSS and ESS. E) All four steps of the process are handled by software algorithms; humans are eliminated from the decisions because they are too slow.

45) Which of the following BI tools or abilities has been driving the movement toward "smart cities?" A) OLAP B) Chi-square analysis C) Predictive analytics D) Data mining E) Big data analytics

5) The text defines ________ as expertise of organizational members that has not been formally documented. A) wisdom B) information C) data D) experience E) tacit knowledge

53) A(n)________ report is produced when a user enters various values in a pivot table to filter data. A) drill-down B) SQL C) ad hoc D) production E) parameterized

54) A(n) ________ is a BI feature that presents performance data defined by users. A) ad hoc query B) parameterized report C) interface D) portal E) dashboard

9) Which of the following is not an example of the potential dark side of big data? A) Police visits to individuals whom a computer system identified as likely to commit a crime in the future. B) Use of a device installed in a car to analyze driving habits. C) Use of a predictive modeling system that predicts life expectancy by using data about individual consumers' buying habits as well as personal and family medical histories. D) Use of computerized systems to filter and hire job applicants. E) Analyzing data from sensors installed in local parks to monitor soil moisture.

17) ________ is a feature of social institutions that means mechanisms are in place to determine responsibility for an action. A) Due process B) Accountability C) The courts of appeal D) The judicial system E) Liability

31) Which of the following is the most prominent data manipulation language today? A) Access B) DB2 C) SQL D) Crystal Reports E) NoSQL

32) The four major types of enterprise applications are: A) SCM, CRM, DSS, and KMS. B) SCM, CRM, ESS, and KMSs. C) ERP, SCM, DSS, and CRM. D) ERP, SCM, CRM, and KMS. E) TPS, MIS, DSS, and ESS.

61) Which of the following is a private corporate network extended to authorized users outside the organization? A) An intranet B) The World Wide Web C) The Internet D) An extranet E) FTP

84) Which of the following is a primary drawback to the "do anything anywhere" computing environment? A) It makes work environments less pleasant. B) It creates a digital divide. C) It centralizes power at corporate headquarters. D) It blurs the traditional boundaries between work and family time. E) It leads to employees being paid less for the total amount of work performed.

40) All of the following are IT-enabled products and services providing competitive advantage except: A) Amazon's one-click shopping. B) Apple's iPod and iTunes. C) Ping's golf club customization. D) PayPal's online person-to-person payment system. E) Nike's use of celebrities to market their products.

55) SaaS refers to: A) supplying online access over networks to storage devices and storage area network technology. B) managing combinations of applications, networks, systems, storage, and security as well as providing Web site and systems performance monitoring to subscribers over the Internet. C) self-contained services that communicate with each other to create a working software application. D) easy-to-use software tools for displaying Web pages. E) hosting and managing access to software applications delivered over the Internet to clients on a subscription basis.

6) Which of the following statements about business processes is not true? A) Business processes influence the relationship between an organization and information technology. B) Business processes are a collection of standard operating procedures. C) A business firm is a collection of business processes. D) Business processes are usually ensconced in an organization's culture. E) Business processes are typically unaffected by changes in information systems.

62) Which of the following deals with behavioral issues as well as technical issues surrounding the development, use, and impact of information systems used by managers and employees in the firm? A) Information systems literacy B) Information systems architecture C) Business processes D) Information technology infrastructure E) Management information systems

7) Which of the following occurs when the same attribute in related data files has different values? A) Data redundancy B) Data duplication C) Data dependence D) Data discrepancy E) Data inconsistency

73) Which of the following is not a business benefit of collaboration? A) Improved quality B) Improved financial performance C) Improved customer service D) Improved innovation E) Improved compliance with government regulations

83) Which of the following is the most common reason that business systems fail? A) Software bugs B) Software errors C) Hardware failures D) Facilities failures E) Data quality

63) A Facebook user's visit to a website can be tracked even if they do not click a Like button.

TRUE

64) Malicious software that is installed secretly on your computer by other applications and that tracks your online movements is called spyware.

TRUE

65) Most Internet businesses do very little to protect the privacy of their customers.

TRUE

70) The problem with web browsers' Do Not Track options is that websites aren't obligated to honor these settings.

TRUE

8) Checking store inventory is an example of a(n) ________ decision. A) procedural B) structured C) ad hoc D) unstructured E) semi-structured

48) CAD and VRML are both types of KWS. A) TRUE B) FALSE

64) GIS are useful for businesses, but not as much for state and local governments. A) TRUE B) FALSE

4) When did e-commerce begin? A) 1965 B) 1983 C) 1995 D) 1999 E) 2000

7) Which of the following is the key business metric behind the technologies implemented by Kroger, as discussed in the chapter-opening case? A) Higher customer satisfaction levels B) Survival C) Improved employee morale D) Improved decision making E) Reduced cost of supplies

96) Sociologists study information systems with an eye to understanding: A) how systems affect individuals, groups, and organizations. B) how human decision makers perceive and use formal information. C) how new information systems change the control and cost structures within the firm. D) the production of digital goods. E) mathematically based models and physical technology.

33) Software that manages the resources of the computer is called: A) operating system software. B) application software. C) data management software. D) network software. E) web services software.

33) The process of streamlining data to minimize redundancy and awkward many-to-many relationships is called: A) normalization. B) data scrubbing. C) data cleansing. D) data defining. E) optimization.

36) Craigslist is an example of: A) C2C e-commerce. B) B2B e-commerce. C) B2C e-commerce. D) M-commerce. E) P2P-commerce.

37) Which of the following types of e-commerce involves businesses selling goods and services directly to individuals via the Internet? A) B2C e-commerce B) B2B e-commerce C) C2C e-commerce D) M-commerce E) P2P e-commerce

38) All of the following are examples of firms that use the community provider Internet business model except: A) eBay. B) Facebook. C) Twitter. D) Instagram. E) Pinterest.

39) Which of the following is not one of the five classical functions of managers? A) Leading B) Deciding C) Planning D) Organizing E) Controlling

4) A ________ is an example of pre-digital data storage that is comparable to a database. A) library card catalog B) cash register receipt C) doctor's office invoice D) list of sales totals on a spreadsheet E) schedule of due dates on a project outline

51) Today's 3-D printers can create objects out of human cartilage. A) TRUE B) FALSE

51) ________ are visual tools for presenting performance data in a BI system. A) Dashboards and scorecards B) Parameterized reports C) Reports and the drill-down feature D) Scenarios and models E) Ad hoc report creation

51) eBay is an example of the market creator business model. A) TRUE B) FALSE

52) The yellow first-down markers shown on televised football games are examples of AR. A) TRUE B) FALSE

53) Web personalization is used primarily as a marketing tool. A) TRUE B) FALSE

54) Target has had to pay out over $100 million to U.S. banks, credit card companies and consumers as a result of a data breach in 2013. A) TRUE B) FALSE

55) All of the following are technologies used to analyze and manage big data except: A) cloud computing. B) noSQL. C) in-memory computing. D) analytic platforms. E) Hadoop.

63) Data visualization technologies are used to help human users see patterns and relationships in large amounts of data. A) TRUE B) FALSE

64) Forward chaining is: A) a strategy for searching the rule base in an expert system that begins with information entered by the user. B) the programming environment of an expert system. C) a method of organizing expert system knowledge into chunks. D) a strategy for searching the rule base in an expert system that begins with a hypothesis. E) a programming algorithm used to create a virtual world using VRML.

33) The four major competitive strategies are: A) low-cost leadership, substitute products and services, customers; and suppliers. B) low-cost leadership, product differentiation, focus on market niche, and customer and supplier intimacy. C) new market entrants, substitute products and services, customers, and suppliers. D) low-cost leadership, new market entrants, product differentiation, and focus on market niche. E) customers, suppliers, new market entrants, and substitute products.

1) Which of the following best describes how new information systems can result in legal gray areas? A) They work with networked, digital data, which are more difficult to control than information stored manually. B) They result in new situations that are not covered by old laws. C) They are implemented by technicians rather than managers. D) They are created from sets of logical and technological rules rather than social or organizational mores. E) They are little understood by politicians or lawyers.

12) A structured decision cannot be made by following a well-defined set of procedures. "Feel" or intuition is necessary. A) TRUE B) FALSE

16) The first stage in Simon's decision-making process model is the design stage. A) TRUE B) FALSE

17) While systems such as KWS can manage semistructured and unstructured information, enterprise-wide content management systems are designed to manage a firm's structured information. A) TRUE B) FALSE

18) ________ is a feature of law-governed society and involves having laws that are known and understood, along with the ability to appeal to higher authorities to ensure that the laws are applied correctly. A) Liability B) Due process C) Responsibility D) Accountability E) The judicial system

19) For a firm, organizational resources are unnecessary to transform data into knowledge. A) TRUE B) FALSE

2) Which of the following best describes the effect that new information technology has on society? A) It has a dampening effect on the discourse of business ethics. B) It has a ripple effect, raising new ethical, social, and political issues. C) It is beneficial for society as a whole, while raising dilemmas for consumers. D) It has a waterfall effect in raising ever more complex ethical issues. E) It has a magnifying effect, creating increasing numbers of ethical issues.

23) Which of the following is not one of the five observed ways in which managerial behavior differs from the classical description of managers? A) Managers perform a great deal of work at an unrelenting pace. B) Managers perform a low number of activities for a high percentage of time. C) Managers prefer current, specific, ad-hoc information. D) Managers prefer oral forms of communication. E) Managers give high priority to maintaining a diverse web of contacts.

28) Information asymmetry exists when there is more information about one product than there is about a similar product. A) TRUE B) FALSE

28) Which of the following systems support a manager's role as leader of an organization? A) DSS B) Telepresence systems C) E-mail D) MIS E) ESS

29) Price transparency refers to the ability of consumers to discover what merchants actually pay for products. A) TRUE B) FALSE

29) What is the most important function of an enterprise application? A) Increasing speed of communicating B) Enabling business functions and departments to share information C) Enabling a company to work collaboratively with customers and suppliers D) Enabling cost-effective e-business processes E) Enabling inventory and supply chain management

3) A marketplace extended beyond traditional boundaries and removed from a temporal and geographic location is called a(n): A) exchange. B) marketspace. C) online marketplace. D) e-hub. E) net marketplace.

30) Switching costs are the merchants' costs of changing prices. A) TRUE B) FALSE

38) Behavioral models of management see managers as being ________ than does the classical model. A) more systematic B) more informal C) more reflective D) more well organized E) less reactive

41) Market creators: A) save users money and time by processing online sales transactions. B) provide a digital environment where buyers and sellers can establish prices for products. C) create revenue by providing digital content over the web. D) sell physical products directly to consumers or individual businesses. E) generate revenue from advertising or from directing buyers to sellers.

43) Which of the following best illustrates the affiliate revenue model? A) eBay receives a small fee from a seller if a seller is successful in selling an item. B) Yelp receives a fee after steering a customer to a participating Web site where he or she makes a purchase. C) Pandora provides basic services for free, but charges a premium for advanced services. D) Apple accepts micropayments for single music track downloads. E) Netflix charges customers a monthly fee for access to its library of movies.

44) Which of the following is a recent addition to the mobile digital platform? A) Quantum computing devices B) Wearable computing devices C) Cloud computing devices D) Grid computing devices E) Green computing devices

49) Knowledge workers include all of a company's workers who are tasked with managing or creating knowledge, from top-level scientists to clerical and data workers. A) TRUE B) FALSE

5) Place the following eras of IT infrastructure evolution in order, from earliest to most recent: 1. Cloud Computing Era; 2. Client/Server; 3. Enterprise Era; 4. Personal Computer; and 5. Mainframe and Minicomputer. A) 5, 2, 3, 4, 1 B) 5, 4, 2, 3, 1 C) 4, 5, 2, 3, 1 D) 5, 4, 2, 1, 3 E) 4, 5, 3, 2, 1

5) What standards are referred to when discussing universal standards as a unique feature of e-commerce? A) Internet technology standards B) Common spoken and written languages C) Universal measuring standards D) Universal advertising and media format standards E) EDI standards

5) Which type of decision is deciding whether to introduce a new product line? A) Structured B) Unstructured C) Recurring D) Nonrecurring E) Procedural

52) Which of the following are most likely to rely primarily on the drill-down functionality of BI for their decision-making needs? A) IT developers B) Middle managers C) Operational employees D) Business analysts E) Senior executives

64) Which of the following marketing formats is sales oriented, rather than branding oriented or a mix? A) Lead generation B) Search engine C) Rich media D) Display ads E) Video

65) An acceptable use policy defines the acceptable level of access to information assets for different users. A) TRUE B) FALSE

67) Virtually all expert systems deal with problems of: A) policy development. B) classification. C) logic and control. D) high complexity. E) imprecise rules.

7) Which of the following is the best description of a protocol in a telecommunications network architecture? A) A device that handles the switching of voice and data in a local area network B) A standard set of rules and procedures for control of communications in a network C) A communications service for microcomputer users D) The main computer in a telecommunications network E) A pathway through which packets are routed

71) Behavioral targeting occurs at two levels: individual websites and through ISPs. A) TRUE B) FALSE

73) MIS typically produce: A) new ways of looking at data that emphasize change, flexibility, and rapid response. B) fixed, regularly scheduled reports based on data extracted from the organization's TPS. C) solutions to semi-structured problems appropriate for middle management decision making. D) assumptions, responses to ad-hoc queries, and graphic representations of existing data. E) scorecards of overall firm performance along predefined key indicators.

74) An information system for a building company that tracks construction costs for various projects across the United States would be categorized as a type of: A) BPM. B) MIS. C) KPI. D) GSS. E) GDSS.

76) An information system that combines data from internal TPS with information from financial systems and external sources to deliver reports such as profit-loss statements and impact analyses, is an example of: A) DSS. B) ESS. C) CDSS. D) MIS. E) GIS.

77) The leading methodology for understanding the really important information needed by a firm's executives is called the ________ method. A) digital dashboard B) balanced scorecard C) KPI D) data visualization E) predictive analytics

77) What type of intelligent technique helped Procter & Gamble determine the most efficient methods for their trucks to deliver goods? A) Fuzzy logic B) Intelligent agents C) Genetic algorithms D) Neural networks E) CBR

78) A formal contract between customers and their service providers that outlines the specific responsibilities of the service provider and to the customer is called a(n): A) SOA. B) SLA. C) TCO. D) RFQ. E) SaaS.

79) Measures defined by management and used to internally evaluate the success of a firm's financial, business process, customer, and learning and growth are called: A) benchmarks. B) KPIs. C) the balanced scorecard method. D) BPM. E) parameters.

11) To make sure they stock clothes that their customers will purchase, a department store implements a new application that analyzes spending levels at their stores and cross-references this data to popular clothing styles. Which of the following business objectives is this information intended to support? A) Customer intimacy B) Survival C) Operational excellence D) Improved decision making E) New products and services

27) According to Mintzberg, managers in their informational role act as: A) figureheads for the organization. B) leaders. C) nerve centers of the organization. D) negotiators. E) liaisons.

28) Which of the following types of system enables organizations to digitize, index, and tag documents according to a coherent framework? A) Wikis B) CAD C) ECM D) LMS E) VR

4) Which type of decision is calculating gross pay for hourly workers? A) Semi-structured B) Procedural C) Structured D) Unstructured E) Ad hoc

41) Which of the following statements about 3-D printing is not true? A) It creates solid objects. B) It is also called additive manufacturing. C) It is incompatible with the cloud. D) It creates objects layer by layer. E) It uses specifications in a digital file.

47) Decisions regarding managing and monitoring day-to-day business activities are referred to as ________ intelligence. A) business B) analytical C) operational D) transactional E) production

47) Which of the following best illustrates the advertising revenue model? A) eBay receives a small fee from a seller if a seller is successful in selling an item. B) Yelp receives a fee after steering a customer to a participating website where he or she makes a purchase. C) Facebook provides a social network for free, but shows sponsored content in users' News Feeds. D) Apple accepts micropayments for single music track downloads. E) Netflix charges customers a monthly fee for access to its library of movies.

49) Netflix uses which of the following revenue models? A) Advertising B) Transaction fee C) Subscription D) Freemium E) Affiliate

5) Which of the following is not one of the current key technology trends that raises ethical issues? A) Data storage improvements B) Data analysis advancements C) Increase in data quality D) Increase in use of mobile devices E) Advances in networking technology

50) The Sarbanes-Oxley Act: A) requires financial institutions to ensure the security of customer data. B) specifies best practices in information systems security and control. C) imposes responsibility on companies and management to safeguard the accuracy of financial information. D) outlines medical security and privacy rules. E) identifies computer abuse as a crime and defines abusive activities.

50) Which of the following is not one of the six main analytic functionalities of BI systems for helping decision makers understand information and take action? A) Production reports B) Parameterized reports C) Business case archives D) Forecasts, scenarios, and models E) Drill down

56) Which of the following involves practices and technologies to minimize the environmental effects of manufacturing and managing computing devices? A) Capacity planning B) Cloud computing C) Green computing D) Utility computing E) On-demand computing

58) Predictive analytics is used for all of the following except: A) anticipating customer response to price changes. B) identifying the most profitable customers. C) determining the best routes for product delivery. D) establishing consumer credit scores. E) forecasting driver safety.

59) Which of the following is not an example of a BI predefined production report? A) Workforce demographics B) Order cycle time C) Revenue forecasts D) Supplier performance E) Direct and indirect spending

6) All of the following are unique features of e-commerce technology, except: A) personalization/customization. B) interactivity. C) transparency. D) richness. E) global reach.

6) Competitors were seeking which of the following business objectives when they rushed to provide ATMs after Citibank introduced the first ATMs in New York? A) Improved efficiency B) Customer and supplier intimacy C) Survival D) Competitive advantage E) Improved decision making

62) Which of the following is a computer-based system that attempts to emulate human behavior? A) Fuzzy logic B) Neural networks C) AI technology D) Genetic algorithms E) LMS

63) Which of the following best describes the digital social graph? A) A person's direct and indirect relationships B) All of a person's closest digital relationships C) A mapping of all online social relationships D) All of the online and offline relationships a person has E) All of the relationships in an online community

64) Which of the following focuses primarily on the technical issues of keeping systems up and running? A) Business continuity planning B) Security policies C) Disaster recovery planning D) An AUP E) An information systems audit

65) Facebook's Like button is an example of which of the following? A) Social sign-on B) Collaborative shopping C) Network notification D) Social search E) Newsfeed

66) Expert systems: A) are capable of solving wide ranges of problems. B) are based on DO WHILE rules. C) lack the general intelligence of human beings. D) share characteristics with mainframe computing. E) are used for knowledge discovery.

39) Which of the following best illustrates the use of information systems to focus on market niche? A) A car manufacturer's Web site that lets you customize the features on the car you are purchasing. B) A restaurant chain analyzing local sales figures to determine which menu items to serve. C) A bookseller selling an e-book reader that reads only the bookseller's books. D) A department store creating specialized products for preferred customers. E) A clothes manufacturer expanding its offerings to new styles.

75) All of the following are reasons for the increased business focus on collaboration and teamwork, except for: A) the need for creating innovative products and services. B) growth of "interaction" jobs. C) greater global presence. D) the need for more efficient work hierarchies. E) the need to reduce communication costs.

96) Which of the following statements is not true? A) In 2016, the median wage for IT/MIS jobs is about $80,000. B) In the next eight years to 2024, IS/MIS will add about 500,000 jobs. C) Out of 114 occupations, MIS is ranked 15th in terms of salaries. D) In general, the technical occupations in IT are showing faster expansion than occupations involved with the management of IT. E) The growth of online software services and cloud computing is impacting the job prospects for computer programmers.

1) Which type of infrastructure service provides data, voice and video connectivity to employees, customers, and suppliers? A) Networking B) Telephone C) VOIP D) Telecommunications E) Data management

10) How much did American businesses spend on information systems hardware, software, and telecommunications equipment in 2015? A) About $100 million B) About $1 billion C) About $100 billion D) About $1 trillion E) About $10 trillion

22) According to research on organizational resistance, the four components that must be changed in an organization in order to successfully implement a new information system are: A) environment, organization, structure, and tasks. B) technology, people, culture, and structure. C) organization, culture, management, and environment. D) tasks, technology, people, and structure. E) costs, tasks, structure, and management.

48) The HIPAA Act of 1996: A) requires financial institutions to ensure the security of customer data. B) specifies best practices in information systems security and control. C) imposes responsibility on companies and management to safeguard the accuracy of financial information. D) outlines medical security and privacy rules. E) identifies computer abuse as a crime and defines abusive activities.

5) The Mandarin Oriental's use of computer systems to keep track of guests' preferences is an example of which of the following? A) Improved flexibility B) Improved decision making C) Improved efficiency D) Customer intimacy E) Operational excellence

5) Which of the following is not a major feature of organizations that impacts the use of information systems? A) Business processes B) Environments C) Goals D) Agency costs E) Leadership styles

53) Information systems enhance core competencies by: A) providing better reporting facilities. B) creating educational opportunities for management. C) allowing operational employees to interact with management. D) encouraging the sharing of knowledge across business units. E) fostering synergies among departments.

58) Apple's Siri application is an example of: A) neural networks. B) CBR. C) AI. D) intelligent agents. E) machine learning.

69) What is the difference between personalization and customization, as applied to e-commerce technologies? A) Customization is any type of adjustment made to a product by the user; personalization refers to a business changing a product or service for the user. B) Personalization is any type of adjustment made to a product by the user; customization refers to a business changing a product or service for the user. C) Customization refers to adjusting marketing messages for a consumer; personalization refers to adjusting a product or service based on a user's preferences. D) Personalization refers to adjusting marketing messages for a consumer; customization refers to adjusting a product or service based on a user's preferences. E) There is no difference. Both terms refer to changing a product or communication for the consumer.

70) Your company wants to develop intelligent techniques to create a "smart" oven that can perfectly cook basic foodstuffs, such as roasts and bread, using sensors and minimal input from the user. The system would know the difference between rare, medium rare, medium, and well done roasts. The category of intelligent technique that would describe this system is: A) expert system. B) neural network. C) CBR. D) fuzzy logic. E) genetic algorithm.

77) Which of the following is not one of the four main classifications for collaboration tools identified by the space/time matrix? A) Synchronous/colocated B) Same time/remote C) Different time/remote D) Remote/colocated E) Same time/same place

78) To automate routine tasks to help firms search for and filter information for use in electronic commerce and supply chain management a firm would most likely use which of the following? A) CAD system B) VR system C) Fuzzy logic D) Intelligent agent E) Genetic algorithm

79) ________ is the study of how computer programs can improve their performance without explicit programming. A) Neural networks B) COP C) Genetic algorithms D) Machine learning E) Intelligent techniques

8) Which of the following is an example of a business using information systems to create a new product? A) Walmart's RetailLink system B) The Mandarin Oriental's use of computers to keep track of guest preferences C) Verizon's use of a web-based digital dashboard to provide real-time company information for managers D) Apple's creation of the iPod E) Kroger's use of sensors to monitor cold food storage temperatures

80) A secure website that links a large firm to its suppliers and other key business partners is called a(n): A) e-hub. B) marketspace. C) exchange. D) private industrial network. E) net marketplace.

56) Which of the following statements about genetic algorithms is not true? A) Genetic algorithms are based on techniques inspired by evolutionary biology. B) Genetic algorithms are used to solve problems that are very dynamic and complex, involving hundreds or thousands of variables or formulas. C) Genetic algorithms are able to evaluate many solution alternatives quickly to find the best one. D) Genetic algorithms use an iterative process to refine initial solutions so that better ones are more likely to emerge as the best solution. E) Genetic algorithms discover knowledge by using hardware and software that parallel the processing patterns of the biological or human brain.

6) The decision to approve a capital budget is an example of a(n) ________ decision. A) structured B) ad hoc C) semi-structured D) undocumented E) unstructured

61) Netflix's public announcement of a reward for a technology solution to its movie recommendation system is an example of: A) prediction markets. B) behavioral targeting. C) long-tail marketing. D) social shopping. E) crowdsourcing.

78) Which of the following types of systems would be used to present senior marketing executives with in-depth information about customer retention, satisfaction, and quality performance? A) CDSS B) MIS C) DSS D) TPS E) ESS

8) Which of the following is not one of the main four dimensions of knowledge described in the chapter? A) Knowledge is a firm asset. B) Knowledge has different forms. C) Knowledge has a location. D) Knowledge is situational. E) Knowledge is timeless.

80) A(n) ________ facilitates the solution to unstructured problems by a set of decision makers working together as a group. A) DSS B) ESS C) CDSS D) GIS E) GDSS

81) Which of the following statements about Net marketplaces is not true? A) Some Net marketplaces sell direct goods. B) Some Net marketplaces serve vertical markets. C) Some Net marketplaces sell indirect goods. D) Some Net marketplaces support contractual purchases based on long-term relationships. E) Some Net marketplaces are owned by a single firm and used to link solely to the firm's suppliers and key business partners.

83) A well-designed ESS will allow management to: A) create routine production reports as well as view overall business performance. B) facilitate group decision making. C) create pivot charts. D) analyze big data. E) track the activities of competitors.

83) A(n) ________ is a type of intelligent technique that finds patterns and relationships in massive data sets too large for a human to analyze. A) inference engine B) CAD C) expert system D) genetic algorithm E) neural network

84) Which of the following is an example of a private industrial network? A) Exostar B) Go2Paper C) Elemica D) Expedia E) VW Group Supply

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