MM Chapter 24

Based on the recommendations in this textbook, which antibiotic would be the treatment of choice for this disease?

cephalosporin

What risk is there, if any, to the unborn child during passage through the birth canal?

trachoma

Drag each of the organism labels onto the picture that best matches the MOST identifiable trait/symptom associated with each disease appearance.

(Left Side) top: Neisseria gonorrhoeae middle: Herpes simplex virus (HSV) bottom: Human papillomavirus (HPV) (Right Side) top: Treponema pallidum middle: Chlamydia trachomatis bottom: Candida albicans

The two most common STI organisms associated with PID in the United States are Chlamydia trachomatisand Neisseria gonorrhoeae. There are many similarities between these STIs. Which of the following statements comparing chlamydia and gonorrhea are true? Select all statements that are TRUE.

-Patients may be coinfected with both gonorrhea and chlamydia. -Chlamydia is found more often in women, whereas gonorrhea is found more often in men. -Chlamydia and gonorrhea can infect a patient and be transmitted without causing obvious symptoms.

Which of the following could Tori's physician choose as a treatment for her yeast infection? Select all that apply.

-a topical over-the-counter ointment, such as clotrimazole or miconazole -a single oral dose of fluconazole

Which of the following infections are also caused by C. albicans? Select all that apply.

-fulminating disease -oral thrush

Chlamydia PID is just part of the overall spectrum of disease caused by Chlamydia organisms. Even though we now understand more about STIs and their complications, we are still exploring how the organisms "branch out" beyond just a single infection. Which of the following diseases have Chlamydia infection as an etiology? Select all diseases associated with Chlamydia.

-infertility -inclusion conjunctivitis -pneumonia -trachoma -lymphogranuloma venereum (LGV) -cervical cancer

How do blastoconidia and chlamydoconidia produced by yeast differ from bacterial endospores?

Blastoconidia and chlamydoconidia are spore structures produced by budding in yeasts, whereas bacterial endospores are produced by bacteria under extreme conditions.

Based on the lab results, which organism is most likely causing Tori's new symptoms?

Candida albicans

What microbial agent would be associated with the symptoms seen in this mother-to-be?

Chlamydia trachomatis

Why did the man's sexual partners believe they were not infected with a STD?

Clinical signs and symptoms in females are often not detectable, especially early in the infection.

Which of the following statements best describes why the treatment for Tori's fungal infection may result in side effects to her own cells?

Fungal cells and human cells have a nucleus, multiple organelles, and 80S ribosomes for protein synthesis.

Which of the following best explains why Tori developed a new series of symptoms?

The antibiotics that treated Tori's primary respiratory infection also removed some of her normal bacterial flora, resulting in an overgrowth of other organisms.

How is this disease transmitted?

This disease is most commonly transmitted by unprotected sex.

How do pseudohyphae in yeasts differ from vegetative hyphae in filamentous fungi?

Yeasts use pseudohyphae to invade host tissue, whereas filamentous fungi use their vegetative hyphae for obtaining nutrients.

Our patient needs antibiotics to overcome this infection and prevent any further complications. Which of the following would be the best choice?

a combination therapy of cephalosporin-class AND macrolide-class

What type of microbe could be causing an infection with just these symptoms?

bacterial

The physician performs a pelvic exam, which reveals the presence of an abnormal thin, watery vaginal discharge and inflammation of the cervix. The physician then palpates the abdomen (examines by touch and pressure) and finds that the uterus, fallopian tubes, and ovaries are enlarged and tender. The physician takes a swab sample of the cervix and sends it to the laboratory to determine the causal organism. Light microscopy and simple staining of the sample in the lab reveal an organism with a very unique life cycle. The organism is classified as gram-negative, but it stains very poorly compared to other classic gram-negative STI pathogens. The stain shows both a nonreplicating, extracellular infectious elementary body and a replicating, noninfectious reticulate body inside mucosal cells from the cervical epithelium swab. Based on the symptoms and these new laboratory findings, which of the following would be the most likely diagnosis for the patient?

chlamydia

If there is not enough time between determination of an STD in the pregnant mother and time of delivery, after birth the doctor may choose to prophylactically treat the infant for infections. What would the treatment be?

erythromycin cream initially placed in the newborn's eyes

Virulence factors associated with this organism include all of the following, EXCEPT __________.

flagella

What disease does this patient have? What is the common name for this disease?

gonorrhea; "the clap"

If left untreated in the mother, all of the following may result from the continued STD infection EXCEPT __________.

gummas