Modern World History Patterns Final

In 1833, the Factory Act set a minimum age of 9 for child employees and limited the workday to _____ hours for children between the ages of 13 and 18.

12

Experiments in the _______ with movable metal typeface resulted in the innovation of the printing press.

1430s

The majority of the Jewish population in Granada was forced to emigrate by __________.

1492

Mexico refused to recognize Texan national independence, and the state of Texas entered the United States in ___________.

1845

Slavery ended in Brazil in _________.

1888

Beginning with a series of papers published in ________, Albert Einstein destroyed the Newtonian notion of a certain, absolute, and mechanistic universe.

1905

Even young children—some as young as __ years old—worked in factories, some alongside their parents as family units.

7

Dynamite was invented by:

A Swedish chemist and engineer, Alfred Bernhard Nobel.

The British colony of Georgia was founded in 1733 as:

A bulwark against Spanish Florida.

The English Civil War (1642-1651) resulted in:

A short-lived theocracy.

The position of the military aristocracy in Japan was:

Absolute and unquestioned, in all matters of life and death.

In the Kongolese belief system, Portuguese Catholicism was:

Adapted to the indigenous African spiritual and cultural heritage.

Among the factors that made industrialization in Belgium, northern France, and the northern German states more suitable in the 1830s than earlier in the century was:

An improved network of roads, canals, and now railways in this region.

The navigator James Cook, during one of his many exploratory journeys in the Pacific, landed in 1770 on the east coast of ______ and claimed it for Great Britain.

Australia

The first Amerindian to accede to the office of President of Mexico was:

Benito Juárez

Two Germans, Gottlieb Daimler and Karl ______ are usually credited with inventing the automobile, but it seems more likely that the first combustion-engine automobile was created by Austrian Siegfried Marcus.

Benz

For 200 years after its founding in 1545, Potosí in modern ___________ produced over half of the silver of Spanish America.

Bolivia

The most controversial part of the Darwinian biological theory as spelled out in On the Origin of Species (1859) was that characteristics are passed on by means of "natural selection", and thus: __________.

By random chance and a haphazard process.

The family of Simón Bolívar owned _______ plantations worked by African slaves and was engaged in colonial trade.

Cacao

Due in large part to concerns for the domestic woolen industry, the British Parliament enacted the protectionist ________ Acts of 1700 and 1720, which prohibited the importation of cotton goods from India.

Calico

The _______ was a small and slender 60-foot-long ship with a stern rudder, square and lateen sails, and a magnetic compass (of Chinese origin).

Caravel

The _________ was the belief that European colonizers had a duty to extend the benefits of European culture to "backward" peoples.

Civilizing Mission

The spinning mule, invented in 1779:

Combined the spinning and weaving of textiles into one machine

Indian _________ calicoes (named for the Indian port of Calicut) proved immensely popular in Europe for underwear and summer clothing.

Cotton

Cortés captured the last emperor of the Aztecs, ________, in 1521 and executed him in 1525.

Cuauhtémoc

The British Raj's showpiece capital of New Delhi was built under the aegis of the British resident Lord _______.

Curzon.

Coffeehouses allowed the literate urban public to meet, read __________, and exchange ideas.

Daily newspapers

The English philosopher Herbert Spencer proposed a theory that came to be called "social ________", which sought to apply the ideas of natural selection to races, ethnicities, and peoples.

Darwinism

As part of the African ________, Africans moved to nearly all parts of the Americas primarily as a result of the transatlantic slave trade.

Diaspora

The Columbian Exchange characterizes the transfer of plants, animals, and ________ between the Americas and the rest of the world

Diseases

The Spanish quest for the mythical ____________ or "golden city" was fruitless.

El Dorado

One social activist ___________, the child of a wealthy mill, drew attention to the abysmal conditions in his/her father's factories.

Friedrich Engels

Modern industrialization had its start in the following nation:

Great Britain

In France, Protestants were known as

Huguenots

Ferdinand von Zeppelin's dirigible airship was kept aloft by the incorporation of bags filled with _________ gas and powered by two 16-horsepower engines.

Hydrogen

In contrast to Rousseau's traditional Christian ethics, _________ sought to build morality on transcendent reason and thus came to the conclusion that his morality had to be erected on the basis of the categorical imperative.

Immanuel Kant

Jahangir's son Khusrau was forced to watch as his comrades were put to death by ____________.

Impalement

In 1498, the king of Portugal sent Vasco da Gama on a voyage to __________.

India

The Scottish engineer _________ patented his steam engine in 1769, creating a machine that was five times as efficient as previous models.

James Watt.

Karl Marx replaced Hegel's dialectical schema with one of his own, based on the concept of economic class struggle, or dialectical _________.

Materialism

The leader of the Khartoum uprising in 1883 was Muhammad Ahmad Ibn Abdallah, a(n) _________ and self-styled Mahdi ("rightly guided" or "Messiah").

Sufi

As distasteful as it was for a _________ to curry favor from the Safavid ruler Shah Tahmasp, Humayun received his support and reclaimed his throne in 1555.

Sunni Muslim

The ________ Rebellion, led by Hong Xiuquan and his Christian-influenced declarations, began in 1851.

Taiping

Losses to the Spanish empire came in the mid-seventeenth century, beginning with:

The capture of Jamaica by the British in 1655.

At the battle of Panipat in 1526, Babur's army had the advantage of:

The new military technologies of matchlock muskets and field cannon

Mehmet II besieged and conquered Constantinople within ________ in 1453.

Two months

By 1869 the first transcontinental railroad was joined with a final golden spike at Promontory Point, _______, resulting in an astonishing total of 53,000 rail miles in the US by 1870.

Utah

Charles Goodyear invented a process in 1839 that produced _________ rubber.

Vulcanized

The tenements around factories in industrial cities were called "dark Satanic Mills" by:

William Blake

Iberian Muslims were known as _________.

moriscos

Akbar's Sufi mystical training had increasingly predisposed him toward tolerance and eclecticism, which gradually developed into a personal philosophy he called _________, or "at peace with all."

sulh-i kull

According to the infamous "_______ edict" in 1645, all males, regardless of ethnicity, were required on pain of death to adopt the Manchu hairstyle of a shaved forehead and long pigtail in the back.

Queue

The Great Mutiny (also known as the Sepoy Mutiny or as the First War of Indian Independence) began in _________.

1857

The Hausa kingdoms:

Formed at the height of the Mali-dominated trans-Saharan trade.

In February 1812, the British Parliament passed the _________, which made attacks on textile machinery punishable by death.

Frame Breaking Act.

The following statement is true of John Calvin:

He believed that all humans were predestined for heaven or hell before their birth

The phrase, "From each according to his abilities, to each according to his works," was coined by:

Henri de Saint-Simon

In their determination to establish colonial rule in the region, the German general staff ordered the extermination of the ________ in Southwest Africa, in terms that can only be described as a genocide.

Herero

In response to the "Boston Tea Party", Britain closed the harbor, demanded restitution, and passed the so-called Coercive Acts (called the "_______ Acts" in the American colonies).

Intolerable

In an address to the National Assembly on October 10, 1789, Dr. Joseph Ignace Guillotin argued that:

It would be best to abolish capital punishment altogether.

Had it not been for __________, the French government, on the verge of Revolution in 1789, would have been well-financed.

Its debt, used to finance the Seven Years' and American Revolutionary Wars.

As a proponent of Copernican heliocentrism, Galileo seemed to contradict the passage in the Hebrew Bible's Book of ___________, in which God stops the sun in the sky for a day.

Joshua

Having laid waste to Cuzco, Pizarro founded a new Andean capital at __________ in 1535.

Lima

Portuguese mariners initially sailed up the Congo River in the 1480s in hopes of:

Linking up with Prester John, who could help with the conquest of Jerusalem

Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels dashed off their pamphlet entitled The Communist Manifesto in the city of ____________.

London

The Mughals appointed members of the new _________ elite to positions in the provincial governments and state ministries.

Mansabdar

Rifles designed by the German firms of Krupp and _________ pioneered the bolt-action, magazine, and clip-fed rifles that remained the staple of infantry weapons through two world wars.

Mauser

The _________ Constitution was promulgated in 1889 and remained in force in Japan until it was supplanted by a constitution composed by Allied occupation forces after World War II.

Meiji

The first practical steam-powered riverboat went from:

New York to Albany

The Communist Manifesto declared, "The _________ have nothing to lose but their chains."

Proletarians

The Qianlong emperor built a Tibetan version of the Buddhist stupa, or __________, for the visit of the Panchen Lama in 1779.

Reliquary

In the course of his unification of Germany, Bismarck launched wars against all of the following countries except:

Russia

The first man to import industrialism into the United States toward the end of the eighteenth century was:

Samuel Slater

The Ottoman army carried all wages, gunpowder, weapons, and the majority of its food in its wagons and barges because:

Soldiers were not permitted to provision themselves from the belongings of villagers.

When the city of ___________ was captured in November 1519, the emperor Moctezuma II was forced to swear allegiance to Emperor Charles V.

Tenochtitlán

Between 250,000 and 1 million Taínos were killed when the Spanish came due to:

The Native Americans' lack of immunity against smallpox

Descartes concluded that a person, including himself, was composed of two radically different substances, a material substance that can be understood with the senses and another that consisted of:

The thinking mind

The Qing employed a "loose rein" or "using barbarians to check barbarians" in respect to the Mongols and the ____________ in the 1720s.

Tibetan Buddhists

Governmental auction of the taxes in kind of a particular district to the highest bidder was known as _________.

tax-farming

After the defeat of the Songhay, much of the trans-Saharan gold trade was siphoned off by the Portuguese on what became known as the Gold Coast (modern ________).

Ghana

The Japanese occupation of Manchuria's Liaodong Peninsula in the 1890s was opposed by the Triple Intervention, an alliance of all of the following European countries except:

Great Britain

Despite the appearance of his beaming benevolence at Versailles, the "absolutist" rule of ____________ was a complex mixture of centralized and decentralized forces.

Louis XIV

The first fully automatic __________ was conceived by Hiram Maxim, an American inventor and dabbler in electricity.

Machine gun

The United States Supreme Court "Dred Scott Decision" ruled:

That black African slaves "had no rights which a white man was bound to respect".

The central objective of the "Glorious Revolution" in Britain was the:

The offering of a joint monarchy to the Protestant William III and Mary II.

Although Samuel Morse had already invented a telegraph transmission code, it was only in the __________ that major continental landmasses were linked by submarine transoceanic cables.

1860s and 1870s.

In 1900 Sigmund Freud published his highly influential book on The Interpretation of _______, which developed his ideas of the subconscious mind.

Dreams

After the Manchus captured Beijing, some Ming loyalists fled to the island of Taiwan, where they expelled the ________, who had established a trading base there.

Dutch

The invention of _______ by the Swedish chemist and engineer Alfred Bernhard Nobel aided in the construction of the Panama Canal (1914).

Dynamite

By means of land-labor grants called __________, Spanish entrepreneurs were entitled to use forced indigenous or imported slave labor to exploit natural resources in the New World.

Encomiendas

Louis XVI held an assembly of the ________, which had not met since 1614, at Versailles beginning in May 1789.

Estates-General

Through a treaty, the British imposed the policy of _________, by which their subjects who were accused of violating Chinese laws would be tried and punished by British consuls.

Extraterritoriality

The purpose of the Spanish Inquisition, as appointed by Ferdinand and Isabella in 1481, was to:

Ferret out any people whose beliefs were contrary to Church teachings.

Aurangzeb's long rule renewed the Mughal trend of expanding into the Northeastern areas controlled by the Ahoms, whom he ultimately succeeded in converting into _________ after a military standstill.

Mughal clients

The Dutch conquered the Indonesian archipelago, finally subduing the most stubborn opponents, the ________ guerillas of Aceh, in 1903.

Muslim

The Treaty of ______ between the Chinese and the British in 1842 marked the first of the century's "unequal treaties" that would be imposed throughout east Asia by European powers.

Nanjing

Between 1840 and 1870, the total mileage of railroads laid in Britain grew by a factor of ______.

Nine

In 1757, the battle of _________ effectively eliminated the French threat in the subcontinent and consolidated Great Britain's supremacy in India following the treaty that ended the Seven Years' War in 1763.

Plassey

The "Three Excellences" were:

Poetry, painting, and calligraphy.

For French philosopher Auguste Comte, world history was arranged into three successive stages, theological, metaphysical and scientific, the last stage representing the advances and progress ushered in by the sciences, which he saw as a positive stage. Hence Comte's philosophy's was labeled _________.

Positivism