Module 1.1 Quiz

What mechanism prevents or slows some chemicals from entering the brain, while allowing others to enter?

A blood-brain barrier

Glucose enters the brain via which type of transport?

Active transport

Which type of glia release chemical that modify the activity neighboring neurons

Astrocytes

Neurons typically have one___, but many ____

Axon; dendrites

What happens to a virus that manages to cross the blood brain barrier and enter the brain?

It remains there and may cause negative effects several years later

What type of glial cells myelinate axons in the brain and spinal cord

Oligodendrocytes

_____ in the brain and spinal cord and _____ in the periphery are specialized types of glia that build the myelin sheaths that surround neurons

Oligodendrocytes; Schwann cells

Which type of glia builds myelin sheaths around around axons in the periphery of the body?

Schwann cells

Which type of glia builds myelin sheaths around axons in the periphery of the body

Schwann cells

The surface of a dendrite is lined with specialized junctions through which the dendrite receive information from other neurons. Which are these junctions called?

Synaptic receptors

What structure is composed of two layers of fat molecules that are free to flow around one another?

The membrane

What leads to Korsakoff's syndrome?

Thiamine defciency due to chronic alcholism

What mechanism prevents or slows some chemicals from entering the brain, while allowing others to enter

a blood-brian barrier

A presynaptic terminal i also known as

an end bulb

A presynaptic terminal is also known as

an end bulb

Dendrites

are branching fibers that get narrower near their ends

What type of glia helps to synchronize the activity of anxons

astrocytes

Which type of glia remove waste material in the nervous system?​

astrocytes

Neurons typically have one ___, but many____

axons; dendtrites

Water, oxygen and ____ most freely flow across a cell membrane

carbon dioxide

The major disadvantage of a blood-brain bairrer is that

certain required chemicals must be actively transported

The branching fibers that form the information-receiving pole of the nerve cells are called ____

dendrites

The membrane of a neuron is composed of _____ with _____ embedded in them

fat molecules; proteins

Nodes of Ranvier are

gaps in the myelin of axons

What is the main source of nutrition for vertebrate neurons

glucose

What is the main source of nutrition for vertebrate neurons?

glucose

What is the main source of nutrition for vertebrates neurons

glucose

Chemicals are released by axons

into the junction between neurons

What type of neuron is the pons receives information only from other cells in the pons and sends information only to other cells in the pons

intrinsic

Korsakoff's syndrome

is marked by severe memory impairments

Ribosomes are the part of a cell that

synthesizes new protiens

What structure is composed of two layers of fat molecules that are free to flow around one another

the membrane

Why does the brain need thiamine

to enable it to metabolize glucose

Glial cells ____

​are smaller but more numerous than neurons in the human brain

As compared to dendrites, axons usually

are covered with myelin

Many dendrites contain short out growns called spines that

increase the surface area avaliable for synapses

The structure that contains a cell's chromosomes is called the ___

nucleus

what type of glia helps synchronize the activity of axons

astrocytes

You touch a hot pot and jerk away way. The information carried to the muscles in your arm to make them contract was carried by ___

effernt neurons

The cell membrane is composed of two layers of ____

fat

If all of a neuron's dendrites or axons were contained within the spinal cord, it would be considered a(n) ____ neuron

intrinsic

If all of a neurons dendrites or axons were contained within the spinal cord, it would be considered an _____ neuron

intrinsic

Glial cells whose function most closely resemble that of the immune system are called

microglia

Glial cells whose function most closely resembles that of the immune system are called

microglia

Molecules that can cross the blood-brain barrier are usually

molecules that can dissolve in the fats of the capillary walls

The insulating material that covers many vertebrate axon is called the

myelin sheath

The endoplasmic reticulum is a

network of thin transports newly synthesized protiend

The endoplasmic reticulum is a

network of thin tubes that transport newly synthesized proteins

The structure that contains a cell's chromosomes is called the ____

nucleus

Why do neurons rely so heavily on glucose as their source of nutrition?

other fuels do not really cross the blood-brain barrier

An axon has many branches, each of which swells at its tip. These are known as ____

presynaptic terminals

What leads to Korsakoff's syndrome

thiamine deficiency due to chronic alcholism

As a general rule, axons convey information ____

​away from their own cell body

What do neurons have that other cells do not?​

​large, branching extensions

The two basic kinds of cells in the nervous system are _____

​neurons and glia