Module 1.1 Quiz
What mechanism prevents or slows some chemicals from entering the brain, while allowing others to enter?
A blood-brain barrier
Glucose enters the brain via which type of transport?
Active transport
Which type of glia release chemical that modify the activity neighboring neurons
Astrocytes
Neurons typically have one___, but many ____
Axon; dendrites
What happens to a virus that manages to cross the blood brain barrier and enter the brain?
It remains there and may cause negative effects several years later
What type of glial cells myelinate axons in the brain and spinal cord
Oligodendrocytes
_____ in the brain and spinal cord and _____ in the periphery are specialized types of glia that build the myelin sheaths that surround neurons
Oligodendrocytes; Schwann cells
Which type of glia builds myelin sheaths around around axons in the periphery of the body?
Schwann cells
Which type of glia builds myelin sheaths around axons in the periphery of the body
Schwann cells
The surface of a dendrite is lined with specialized junctions through which the dendrite receive information from other neurons. Which are these junctions called?
Synaptic receptors
What structure is composed of two layers of fat molecules that are free to flow around one another?
The membrane
What leads to Korsakoff's syndrome?
Thiamine defciency due to chronic alcholism
What mechanism prevents or slows some chemicals from entering the brain, while allowing others to enter
a blood-brian barrier
A presynaptic terminal i also known as
an end bulb
A presynaptic terminal is also known as
an end bulb
Dendrites
are branching fibers that get narrower near their ends
What type of glia helps to synchronize the activity of anxons
astrocytes
Which type of glia remove waste material in the nervous system?
astrocytes
Neurons typically have one ___, but many____
axons; dendtrites
Water, oxygen and ____ most freely flow across a cell membrane
carbon dioxide
The major disadvantage of a blood-brain bairrer is that
certain required chemicals must be actively transported
The branching fibers that form the information-receiving pole of the nerve cells are called ____
dendrites
The membrane of a neuron is composed of _____ with _____ embedded in them
fat molecules; proteins
Nodes of Ranvier are
gaps in the myelin of axons
What is the main source of nutrition for vertebrate neurons
glucose
What is the main source of nutrition for vertebrate neurons?
glucose
What is the main source of nutrition for vertebrates neurons
glucose
Chemicals are released by axons
into the junction between neurons
What type of neuron is the pons receives information only from other cells in the pons and sends information only to other cells in the pons
intrinsic
Korsakoff's syndrome
is marked by severe memory impairments
Ribosomes are the part of a cell that
synthesizes new protiens
What structure is composed of two layers of fat molecules that are free to flow around one another
the membrane
Why does the brain need thiamine
to enable it to metabolize glucose
Glial cells ____
are smaller but more numerous than neurons in the human brain
As compared to dendrites, axons usually
are covered with myelin
Many dendrites contain short out growns called spines that
increase the surface area avaliable for synapses
The structure that contains a cell's chromosomes is called the ___
nucleus
what type of glia helps synchronize the activity of axons
astrocytes
You touch a hot pot and jerk away way. The information carried to the muscles in your arm to make them contract was carried by ___
effernt neurons
The cell membrane is composed of two layers of ____
fat
If all of a neuron's dendrites or axons were contained within the spinal cord, it would be considered a(n) ____ neuron
intrinsic
If all of a neurons dendrites or axons were contained within the spinal cord, it would be considered an _____ neuron
intrinsic
Glial cells whose function most closely resemble that of the immune system are called
microglia
Glial cells whose function most closely resembles that of the immune system are called
microglia
Molecules that can cross the blood-brain barrier are usually
molecules that can dissolve in the fats of the capillary walls
The insulating material that covers many vertebrate axon is called the
myelin sheath
The endoplasmic reticulum is a
network of thin transports newly synthesized protiend
The endoplasmic reticulum is a
network of thin tubes that transport newly synthesized proteins
The structure that contains a cell's chromosomes is called the ____
nucleus
Why do neurons rely so heavily on glucose as their source of nutrition?
other fuels do not really cross the blood-brain barrier
An axon has many branches, each of which swells at its tip. These are known as ____
presynaptic terminals
What leads to Korsakoff's syndrome
thiamine deficiency due to chronic alcholism
As a general rule, axons convey information ____
away from their own cell body
What do neurons have that other cells do not?
large, branching extensions
The two basic kinds of cells in the nervous system are _____
neurons and glia