Module 15: Human Sexuality

In a complete sexual response cycle A) the excitement phase immediately precedes orgasm. B) orgasm immediately precedes the excitement phase. C) the plateau phase immediately precedes orgasm. D) the excitement phase immediately precedes the resolution phase.

C) the plateau phase immediately precedes orgasm.

Eddie and his wife Lesley have just shared a fulfilling sexual experience. Unlike Lesley, Eddie probably won't be able to experience another orgasm for a period of time. This stage of the sexual response cycle is called A) the plateau stage. B) orgasm. C) the resolution stage. D) the excitement stage.

C) the resolution stage.

Marissa has given birth to five sons; one is homosexual. In view of the fraternal birth-order effect, which of her five sons is most likely to be gay? A) the oldest son B) the second-oldest son C) the youngest son D) All are equally likely to be gay.

C) the youngest son

Most women who experience sexual distress relate it to A) their short refractory periods. B) their own body image problems. C) their emotional relationship with their partner during sex. D) physical dysfunctions that prevent orgasm.

C) their emotional relationship with their partner during sex.

Masters and Johnson identified orgasm as the ________ phase of the sexual response cycle. A) first B) second C) third D) fourth

C) third

A homosexual orientation is A) equally likely among members of both sexes. B) associated with a lack of estrogen. C) unlikely to be successfully changed. D) characteristic of over 10 percent of American males.

C) unlikely to be successfully changed.

Partially nude or revealingly clothed depictions of female characters in video games most clearly lead to A) paraphilias. B) erotic plasticity. C) unrealistic expectations about sexuality. D) homosexual behavior.

C) unrealistic expectations about sexuality.

Evolutionary psychologists would be most likely to predict that 40-year-old single men will seek to marry women who are ________ than they are. A) less physically attractive B) more sexually experienced C) younger D) more aggressive toward sexual rivals

C) younger

In their genital responses to erotic videos, heterosexual women have been found to exhibit ________ than do heterosexual men. A) less erotic plasticity B) longer refractory periods C) fewer sexual inhibitions D) more bisexual attraction

D) more bisexual attraction

Aruna has inherited a tendency to be sexually attracted to handsome men. If this trait increases her chances of survival and reproductive success, it will likely be passed on to her female offspring. This best illustrates A) the fertile females theory. B) the sexual response cycle. C) erotic plasticity. D) natural selection.

D) natural selection.

The reproductive advantage enjoyed by organisms best suited to a particular environment is known as A) the fertile females theory. B) the sexual response cycle. C) erotic plasticity. D) natural selection.

D) natural selection.

Gay men are ________ likely to have been smothered by maternal love than heterosexual men. Boys growing up in a father-absent home are ________ likely to be gay than boys growing up with their father present in the home. A) more; no more B) no more; more C) more; more D) no more; no more

D) no more; no more

Asexual individuals are sexually attracted to A) only those of the other sex. B) only those of the same sex. C) those of either sex. D) no one at all.

D) no one at all.

Teens who use alcohol prior to sexual intercourse experience A) enhanced self-awareness and are less likely to use condoms. B) reduced self-awareness and are more likely to use condoms. C) enhanced self-awareness and are more likely to use condoms. D) reduced self-awareness and are less likely to use condoms.

D) reduced self-awareness and are less likely to use condoms.

What factors influence our sexual motivation and behavior?

Influences include biological factors such as sexual maturity and sex hormones, psychological factors such as environmental stimuli and fantasies, and social-cultural factors such as the values and expectations absorbed from family and the surrounding culture.

The primary male sex hormone is_______ . The primary female sex hormones are the_____.

testosterone; estrogens

Heterosexual women are most likely to be sexually attracted to men who appear to be A) shy. B) asexual. C) interested in casual, uncommitted sex. D) mature and affluent.

D) mature and affluent.

The incidence of male homosexuality has been found to be slightly higher than usual among A) physicians. B) professional athletes. C) residents of small villages. D) men who have older brothers.

D) men who have older brothers.

What are the three main criticisms of the evolutionary explanation of human sexuality?

(1) It starts with an effect and works backward to propose an explanation. (2) This explanation may overlook the effects of cultural expectations and socialization. (3) Unethical and immoral men could use such explanations to rationalize their behavior toward women.

More than a dozen national surveys in Europe and the United States indicate that about ________ percent of men are gay and about ________ percent of women are lesbian. A) 3 or 4; 2 B) 2; 3 or 4 C) 10; 5 or 6 D) 5 or 6; 10

A) 3 or 4; 2

Which of the following is most clearly NOT true with respect to sexual orientation? A) Homosexuality is linked with problems during childhood due to relationships with parents. B) The environmental factors that influence sexual orientation are presently unknown. C) Sexual orientation is not created by mistreatment from and hatred toward members of the other sex. D) Sexual orientation is persistent and unlikely to be successfully changed.

A) Homosexuality is linked with problems during childhood due to relationships with parents.

________ is an enduring sexual attraction toward members of one's own sex, the other sex, or both sexes. A) Sexual orientation B) Paraphilia C) Sexual dysfunction D) Homosexuality

A) Sexual orientation

Those who are not sexually attracted to either sex are described as A) asexual. B) paraphilic. C) refractory. D) habituated.

A) asexual.

"Women have a natural inclination to be more particular than men about who they select as a mate because they are limited in the number of children they can have." This statement best illustrates the logic of A) evolutionary psychology. B) social learning theory. C) the fertile females theory. D) the fraternal birth-order effect.

A) evolutionary psychology.

Those who defend evolutionary psychology against criticism are most likely to suggest that evolutionary principles A) generate testable predictions. B) are intended to be descriptive but not explanatory. C) are more applicable to men than to women. D) are more applicable to humans than to nonhuman animal species.

A) generate testable predictions.

Research has found that an animal's sexual orientation can be altered by A) manipulation of prenatal hormone conditions. B) exposure only to animals of the same sex. C) injections of sex hormones in early adulthood. D) destruction of the hippocampus.

A) manipulation of prenatal hormone conditions.

A birth-order effect seems to play a role in sexual orientation among A) men who are right-handed. B) women who are right-handed. C) men who are not right-handed. D) both men and women who are not right-handed.

A) men who are right-handed.

Men and women working for an experimenter asked strangers of the opposite sex: "Would you go to bed with me tonight?" Their invitations were accepted by A) more than half of men but no women. B) almost half of the men but no women. C) more than half of the men and almost half of the women. D) almost half of the men and almost half of the women.

A) more than half of men but no women.

Women are ________ more likely than men to report at least one same-sex sexual contact during their lives. The percentage of women who identify themselves as lesbian is ________ than the percentage of men who identify themselves as gay. A) more; lower B) less; higher C) less; lower D) more; higher

A) more; lower

The more sexual content adolescents view on TV and in movies, the more likely they are to A) perceive their peers as sexually active. B) talk with their parents about contraception. C) view their own sexual partners as attractive. D) avoid premature sexual intercourse.

A) perceive their peers as sexually active.

Research on sex hormones and human sexual behavior indicates that A) sexual desire rises slightly at ovulation among women with mates. B) adult men who have been castrated show virtually no reduction in sex drive. C) sexual interests are aroused by decreased testosterone levels in women and increased testosterone levels in men. D) imprisoned male sex offenders typically experience lower-than-normal testosterone levels.

A) sexual desire rises slightly at ovulation among women with mates.

A biological influence on homosexuality is most clearly seen from evidence of A) sexual relations between same-sex partners in several hundred different animal species. B) an increase in same-sex attraction among women who had fraternal twin brothers. C) the increase in homosexual and bisexual people among males with domineering mothers. D) the link between sexual orientation and the levels of sex hormones currently in a person's blood.

A) sexual relations between same-sex partners in several hundred different animal species.

Men in their ________ are most likely to be sexually attracted to women who are several years older rather than several years younger than themselves. A) teens B) twenties C) thirties D) forties

A) teens

Seth and his two male cousins are homosexual. The two cousins are on his mother's side of the family, as would be predicted by a genetic explanation for homosexuality, called A) the fertile females theory. B) the fraternal birth-order effect. C) the older-brother effect. D) erotic plasticity.

A) the fertile females theory.

Mr. and Mrs. Kohl plan to spend their evening watching X-rated sex movies. Watching these films is most likely to increase A) their levels of sexual arousal. B) their feelings that sexual promiscuity is morally wrong. C) Mr. Kohl's sexual arousal, while decreasing Mrs. Kohl's. D) Mrs. Kohl's estrogen levels and decrease Mr. Kohl's testosterone levels.

A) their levels of sexual arousal.

During the resolution stage of the sexual response cycle, people are most likely to experience a rapid decrease in arousal if A) they have just experienced orgasm. B) they have not used contraceptives. C) their refractory period is unusually short. D) their sexual interaction has not resulted in conception.

A) they have just experienced orgasm.

5. Evolutionary psychologists are most likely to be criticized for A) working backward to provide after-the-fact explanations of human mating preferences. B) overemphasizing humans' capacity to learn and adapt to a variety of environments. C) underestimating gender differences in mate selection. D) overestimating cultural differences in human sexual behaviors.

A) working backward to provide after-the-fact explanations of human mating preferences.

Professor Archibald suggests that men are more likely than women to initiate casual sex because this has historically served to be a more successful reproductive strategy for men than for women. The professor's suggestion best illustrates A) social learning theory. B) an evolutionary perspective. C) erotic plasticity. D) the older-brother effect.

B) an evolutionary perspective.

The first stage of the sexual response cycle is A) a refractory period. B) an excitement stage. C) a plateau stage. D) orgasm.

B) an excitement stage.

In remembering the spatial locations of objects, straight men perform A) better than gay men and better than straight women. B) worse than gay men and worse than straight women. C) better than gay men and worse than straight women. D) worse than gay men and better than straight women

B) worse than gay men and worse than straight women.

Ivan just spent an evening watching pornographic movies of attractive women who actually seemed to enjoy being sexually coerced. This experience may lead him to A) perceive himself as unable to perform sexually. B) be more willing to hurt women. C) feel unsure about his gender identity. D) view sexual promiscuity as morally wrong.

B) be more willing to hurt women.

An integrated understanding of sexual motivation in terms of sex hormones, sexual fantasies, and cultural values is most clearly provided by the A) biological approach. B) biopsychosocial approach. C) evolutionary perspective. D) social-cultural perspective.

B) biopsychosocial approach.

Women, more than men, prefer to alternate periods of frequent sexual activity with periods of very little sexual activity. This best illustrates a gender difference in A) sexual orientation. B) erotic plasticity. C) refractory periods. D) the sexual response cycle.

B) erotic plasticity.

Heterosexual men feel most romantically attracted to women whose waists are roughly a third narrower than their hips. Evolutionary psychology most clearly attributes this preference to the fact that this physical characteristic is associated with A) cosmetic surgery. B) future fertility. C) food shortages. D) a fat-free diet.

B) future fertility.

Ginger wants to marry someone who will provide financial security for her children-to-be. Evolutionary psychologists would most likely attribute Ginger's motivation to A) erotic plasticity. B) genetic influences. C) social scripts. D) the older-brother effect.

B) genetic influences.

Male rats that have their testes surgically removed ________ much of their sexual interest in receptive females. These same rats _________ sexual interest if injected with testosterone. A) retain; show excessively high levels of B) gradually lose; slowly regain C) retain; show no change in D) gradually lose; fail to regain

B) gradually lose; slowly regain

Both a kin selection theory and an alternative fertile females theory have been proposed to explain the transmission of genes that promote A) female orgasmic disorder. B) homosexuality. C) refractory periods. D) erotic plasticity.

B) homosexuality.

Critics of evolutionary psychology are most likely to suggest that it underestimates the A) impact of genetic predispositions on human sexual behavior. B) impact of cultural expectations on human sexual behavior. C) variety of traits that contribute to reproductively successful behaviors. D) extent to which certain gender differences in sexual behavior are common to all cultures.

B) impact of cultural expectations on human sexual behavior.

By insisting that humans are "nothing but" products of nature and nurture, we run the greatest risk of underestimating the importance of A) refractory periods. B) individual responsibility. C) natural selection. D) sexual orientation.

B) individual responsibility.

Women's sexual orientation tends to be ________ strongly held and ________ variable over time than that of men. A) more; less B) less; more C) more; more D) less; less

B) less; more

In a study of Welsh pedestrians, women rated a man as ________ if he was pictured at the wheel of an expensive rather than an inexpensive car. Men rated a woman as ________ if she was pictured at the wheel of an expensive rather than an inexpensive car. A) less attractive; more attractive B) more attractive; no more attractive C) no more attractive; more attractive D) less attractive; no more attractive

B) more attractive; no more attractive

Compared with women, men are ________ likely to feel comfortable about having casual sex with different partners and ________ likely to cite affection as a reason for their first sexual intercourse. A) less; more B) more; less C) less; less D) more; more

B) more; less

Compared with women, men are ______ likely to initiate sex and ________ likely to think about sex. A) less; more B) more; more C) less; less D) more; less

B) more; more

Inherited traits that contribute to survival and reproductive success are most likely to be passed on to later generations. This idea is known as A) erotic plasticity. B) natural selection. C) a social script. D) the older-brother effect.

B) natural selection.

Suppose that men leave their wives to marry other women more frequently than wives leave their husbands to marry other men. Evolutionary psychologists would be most likely to explain this in terms of sex differences in A) social scripts. B) reproductive capacity. C) erotic plasticity. D) refractory periods.

B) reproductive capacity.

Alicia is distressed because she experiences recurrent vaginal pain that interferes with sexual intercourse. Her difficulty best illustrates a(n) A) refractory period. B) sexual dysfunction. C) paraphilia. D) erotic plasticity.

B) sexual dysfunction.

Masters and Johnson described four stages of A) prenatal sexual development. B) sexual dysfunction. C) the sexual response cycle. D) sexual orientation.

B) sexual dysfunction.

Which approach is most likely to attribute gender differences in mating preferences to the impact of watching and imitating readily available social scripts? A) evolutionary psychology B) social learning theory C) the fertile females theory D) Freudian psychology

B) social learning theory

Gender differences in erotic plasticity are best illustrated by the fact that women A) have longer refractory periods than do men. B) tend to be more changeable than men in sexual orientation. C) are less likely than men to be equally aroused by both male and female erotic stimuli. D) become aware of their sexual orientation much earlier in life than do men.

B) tend to be more changeable than men in sexual orientation.

The idea that maternal genetics may explain the transmission of genes that promote homosexuality is expressed by A) erotic plasticity. B) the fertile females theory. C) refractory periods. D) sexual dysfunctions.

B) the fertile females theory.

Many sexually active American adolescents fail to avoid pregnancy because A) low sex guilt inhibits the careful planning of contraceptive use. B) they are uncomfortable discussing contraception with their sexual partner. C) sex education courses have actually discouraged contraceptive use. D) of all of these reasons.

B) they are uncomfortable discussing contraception with their sexual partner.

Which of the following teens is most likely to engage in risky sexual behavior? A) Jenna, whose father lives in the home and is actively engaged in her life. B) Tasha, who is actively involved in her church. C) Monica, whose father is absent from the home and who watches many sexually explicit movies. D) Tory, who attends two service learning programs a week.

C) Monica, whose father is absent from the home and who watches many sexually explicit movies.

An understanding of human sexual behavior in terms of the interplay of cultural norms, sex hormones, and people's unique sexual values and motives is most clearly provided by A) the fertile females theory. B) cognitive psychology. C) a biopsychosocial approach. D) evolutionary psychology.

C) a biopsychosocial approach.

In studies that followed hundreds of New Zealand and U.S. girls from age 5 to 18, ________ was linked to sexual activity before age 16. A) erotic plasticity B) a homosexual orientation C) a father's absence D) gender typing

C) a father's absence

It has been suggested that the fraternal birth-order effect is a result of A) erotic plasticity. B) refractory periods. C) a maternal immune response. D) mass-media norms.

C) a maternal immune response.

Teens who reserve sexual activity for adulthood are most likely to A) have average intelligence test scores. B) be bisexual. C) be actively religious. D) experience paraphilias.

C) be actively religious.

Sex hormone levels experienced during the second trimester of prenatal development are most likely to influence a male's sexual orientation in later life because of their impact on A) the X chromosome. B) the Y chromosome. C) brain development. D) sexually transmitted infections.

C) brain development.

Critics of evolutionary psychology would be most likely to suggest that it has difficulty accounting for A) differences in the behavior patterns of males and females. B) similarities in the behavior patterns of males and females. C) differences in the behavior patterns of Asians and Americans. D) similarities in the behavior patterns of Asians and Americans.

C) differences in the behavior patterns of Asians and Americans.

One's sexual orientation refers to a(n) ________ members of one's own sex, the other sex, or both sexes. A) sexual response cycle triggered by B) experience of shared interests with C) enduring sexual attraction toward D) erotic plasticity in response to

C) enduring sexual attraction toward

Research on the sexual response cycle indicates that A) men and women experience an equally long refractory period following orgasm. B) women undergo a decrease in physiological arousal more slowly if they have experienced orgasm than if they have not. C) enough sperm may be released prior to male orgasm to enable conception. D) during the resolution phase, sexual excitement increases in women but decreases in men.

C) enough sperm may be released prior to male orgasm to enable conception.

Who are most likely to be criticized for overestimating the impact of genes on male-female differences in sexual behavior? A) behaviorists B) cross-cultural psychologists C) evolutionary psychologists D) social learning theorists

C) evolutionary psychologists

Research on the human sexual response cycle indicates that A) blood pressure rates decrease during the plateau phase and increase during orgasm. B) conception is not possible without the occurrence of male orgasm. C) female orgasm increases the likelihood of conception. D) the resolution phase of the female sexual response cycle is especially lengthy following multiple orgasms.

C) female orgasm increases the likelihood of conception.

By manipulating a single gene, scientists have been able to control sexual orientation in A) humans. B) chimpanzees. C) fruit flies. D) all of these organisms.

C) fruit flies.

During the 1920s, when Western women's rising hemlines first reached the knee, many male hearts fluttered when viewing a woman's legs. The fact that many men today would hardly notice best illustrates the impact of A) erotic plasticity. B) refractory periods. C) habituation. D) the older-brother effect.

C) habituation.

Marshall, the youngest of Sharon's five biological sons, is the only one who is gay. In the children's adulthood, which of the following differences are you MOST likely to observe between Marshall and his brothers? A) sex drive B) sex hormone levels C) handedness D) intelligence

C) handedness

Teens are more likely to delay sex if they have ________ levels of intelligence and ________ levels of religious engagement. A) higher; lower B) lower; higher C) higher; higher D) lower; lower

C) higher; higher

Many species of animals have demonstrated same-sex sexual behavior. This suggests that A) environmental factors best account for same-sex attractions. B) homosexual behavior among animals is just as common as heterosexual behavior. C) homosexual behavior seems a natural part of the animal world. D) contaminated water supplies may be responsible for same-sex behavior among animals.

C) homosexual behavior seems a natural part of the animal world.

After viewing sexually attractive women on TV, male college students find an average woman or their own girlfriend or wife to be A) more attractive. B) more sexually active. C) less attractive. D) less sexually active.

C) less attractive.

Compared with men, women are likely to masturbate ________ frequently and view pornography ________ frequently. A) less; more B) more; more C) less; less D) more; less

C) less; less

At birth, gay men tend to be ________ in weight than straight men, and women in same-sex marriages were mostly ________ than average at birth. A) lighter; lighter B) heavier; heavier C) lighter; heavier D) heavier; lighter

C) lighter; heavier

. Female identical twins are more likely to differ from each other in sexual orientation than A) male fraternal twins. B) female fraternal twins. C) male identical twins. D) all of these pairs of twins.

C) male identical twins.

The male refractory period lasts anywhere from a few A) seconds to a few minutes. B) minutes to a couple of hours. C) minutes to a day or more. D) hours to a week or more.

C) minutes to a day or more.

Identical twins are somewhat ________ than fraternal twins to share a homosexual orientation; however, ________. A) more likely; sexual orientation is influenced less by heredity than by environment B) less likely; sexual orientation is influenced less by heredity than by environment C) more likely; because sexual orientation differs in many twin pairs, other factors are also at work D) less likely; because sexual orientation differs in many twin pairs, other factors are also at work

C) more likely; because sexual orientation differs in many twin pairs, other factors are also at work

Rebecca and Thomas have three sons. Rebecca is pregnant with another son. Research indicates that the chances of the fourth son being homosexual is ________ percent. A) less than 1 B) less than 2 C) more than 4 D) more than 10

C) more than 4

Mark and Veronica, as part of marriage therapy, tell each other their sexual fantasies. Based on the research, Mark is likely to fantasize about sex ________ frequently and ________ romantically than Veronica. A) more; more B) less; more C) more; less D) less; less

C) more; less

Men experience ________ frequent and ________ romantic fantasies about sex than do women. A) more; more B) less; less C) more; less D) less; more

C) more; less

Compared with lesbians, gay men report ________ interest in uncommitted sex and ________ interest in their partner's physical attractiveness. A) more; less B) less; more C) more; more D) less; less

C) more; more

Homosexual men tend to have ________ homosexual relatives on their mother's side of the family than on their father's side. The maternal relatives of homosexual men on the mother's side of the family produce ________ offspring than do the maternal relatives of heterosexual men on the mother's side of the family. A) more; fewer B) fewer; more C) more; more D) fewer; fewer

C) more; more

Jay and Malcolm are a gay couple and Susie and Lynn are a lesbian couple. Jay and Malcolm are likely to report ________ concern with their partner's physical attractiveness and report having sex ________ often than do Susie and Lynn. A) more; less B) less; more C) more; more D) less; less

C) more; more

Female fetuses ________ exposed to testosterone and male fetuses ________ exposed to testosterone appear most likely later to experience same-sex desires. A) most; most B) least; least C) most; least D) least; most

C) most; least

Homosexual men have more homosexual relatives on their ________ side of the family. More offspring are produced by the maternal relatives of ________. A) mother's rather than their father's; heterosexual rather than of homosexual men B) father's rather than their mother's; heterosexual rather than of homosexual men C) mother's rather than their father's; homosexual rather than of heterosexual men D) father's rather than their mother's; homosexual rather than of heterosexual men

C) mother's rather than their father's; homosexual rather than of heterosexual men

Professor Langley emphasizes that premature sexual activity among high school students involves the interplay of alcohol consumption, mass media norms, and teens' underestimation of their vulnerability to sexually transmitted infections. The professor's emphasis best illustrates a reliance on A) the evolutionary perspective. B) a social script. C) multiple levels of analysis. D) erotic plasticity.

C) multiple levels of analysis.

A homosexual orientation is viewed by most psychologists to be A) equally likely among members of both sexes. B) associated with a lack of clear gender identity. C) neither willfully chosen nor willfully changed. D) characteristic of over 10 percent of American males.

C) neither willfully chosen nor willfully changed.

Heterosexual women are most attracted to tall men with slim waists and broad shoulders. Evolutionary psychology most clearly attributes this preference to the fact that these physical characteristics are associated with A) the older-brother effect. B) erotic plasticity. C) reproductive success. D) refractory periods.

C) reproductive success.

A problem that consistently interferes with one's ability to complete the sexual response cycle is called a(n) A) STI. B) paraphilia. C) sexual dysfunction. D) refractory period.

C) sexual dysfunction.

Abraham, a 25-year-old law student, is heterosexual; his brother Chaim, a 21-year-old college senior, is homosexual. The brothers obviously differ in their A) erotic plasticity. B) sexual response cycle. C) sexual orientation. D) refractory period.

C) sexual orientation.

The terms homosexual, heterosexual, and bisexual refer to different A) sexual dysfunctions. B) paraphilias. C) sexual orientations. D) sexual response cycles.

C) sexual orientations.

Women are more likely than men to experience A) genital arousal during their dreams. B) sexually vivid dreams that lead to orgasm. C) sexually romantic fantasies. D) fantasies of coercing someone else into having sex.

C) sexually romantic fantasies.

The impact of cultural expectations on men's and women's mating preferences is most clearly emphasized by A) the fertile females theory. B) kin selection theory. C) social learning theory. D) evolutionary psychology.

C) social learning theory.

Many crime shows on TV have taught Linda that remaining physically safe requires her to avoid being alone with complete strangers who ask blunt questions about her sexual availability. The televised material is most likely to help Linda remain safe because it has conveyed a memorable A) erotic plasticity. B) sexual dysfunction. C) social script. D) refractory period.

C) social script.

Most of the romantic movies Alonso watches involve drinking alcohol prior to sexual interaction. Now Alonso almost always initiates sex only after sharing several drinks with his spouse. The movies may have influenced Alonso's behavior by conveying a memorable A) refractory period. B) paraphilia. C) social script. D) erotic plasticity.

C) social script.

Compared with girls living in father-absent families, girls with fathers present are less likely to experience A) erotic plasticity. B) female orgasmic disorder. C) teen pregnancy. D) the older-brother effect.

C) teen pregnancy.

Both religious activity and participation in service learning programs are predictors of A) a sexual dysfunction. B) erotic plasticity. C) teen sexual abstinence. D) paraphilias.

C) teen sexual abstinence.

Which of the following is NOT true about sexual fantasizing? A) Our imagination can increase our sexual arousal and desire. B) In some women sexual fantasies can lead to sexual orgasm. C) Men fantasize about sex more often and less romantically. D) Fantasizing about sex indicates a sexual problem or dissatisfaction.

D) Fantasizing about sex indicates a sexual problem or dissatisfaction.

Which of the following is NOT true with respect to sexual orientation? A) Virtually all cultures in all times have been predominantly heterosexual. B) The environmental factors that influence sexual orientation are presently unknown. C) Identical twins are somewhat more likely than fraternal twins to share a homosexual orientation. D) With the help of a therapist, most people find it easy to change their sexual orientation.

D) With the help of a therapist, most people find it easy to change their sexual orientation.

Professor Smith emphasizes that gender similarities and differences are products of a continuous interplay among genetically predisposed traits, culturally shaped roles, and personally constructed expectations and assumptions. The professor's emphasis best illustrates A) a social script. B) a sexual orientation. C) the sexual response cycle. D) a biopsychosocial approach.

D) a biopsychosocial approach.

Senora is a 4-year-old female cat who is definitely "in heat." She is yowling to be let out of the house. However, her owner knows that when she is "in heat" A) she is ovulating. B) her estrogen level is at its peak. C) she is sexually receptive. D) all of these things will occur.

D) all of these things will occur.

It has been suggested that older men in all cultures tend to marry women younger than themselves because men are genetically predisposed to seek female features associated with youthful fertility. This suggestion best illustrates A) social learning theory. B) the sexual response cycle. C) the older-brother effect. D) an evolutionary perspective.

D) an evolutionary perspective.

Jess is a 42-year-old single male. He has never had a sexual encounter with nor felt any sexual attraction for members of either the same sex or the other sex. Jess is best described as A) paraphilic. B) habituated. C) refractory. D) asexual.

D) asexual.

Compared with women, men are likely to A) initiate more sex. B) think more about sex. C) view more pornography. D) behave in all of these ways.

D) behave in all of these ways.

Premarital sexual activity is higher among American teens who A) have college-educated rather than high school-educated parents. B) frequently rather than seldom attend religious services. C) earn high rather than low grades in school. D) consume rather than abstain from alcohol.

D) consume rather than abstain from alcohol.

Having variable sexual urges and interests is called A) the sexual response cycle. B) sexual orientation. C) the refractory period. D) erotic plasticity.

D) erotic plasticity.

. Research on the causes of homosexuality suggests that A) homosexuality arises from a fear of members of the opposite sex. B) male homosexuality results from abnormally high levels of testosterone in the blood. C) childhood sexual victimization contributes strongly to homosexual development. D) genetic influence plays a role in sexual orientation.

D) genetic influence plays a role in sexual orientation.

Jason spends a lot of money on luxury items in order to win the sexual affection of women he finds attractive. Evolutionary psychologists would be most likely to attribute his behavior to A) social scripts. B) erotic plasticity. C) the older-brother effect. D) genetic predispositions.

D) genetic predispositions.

Evolutionary psychologists would be most likely to attribute male-female differences in attitudes toward casual sex to the fact that men have ________ than women do. A) more sexually liberal social scripts B) greater awareness of their own sex C) greater erotic plasticity D) greater reproductive potential

D) greater reproductive potential

When pregnant sheep were injected with testosterone during a critical period of fetal development, their female offspring later demonstrated A) a sexual dysfunction. B) necrophilia. C) the older-brother effect. D) homosexual behavior.

D) homosexual behavior.

Your father-in-law thinks that a homosexual orientation is a choice people make and is therefore not influenced by genetics. To dissuade him of this erroneous belief, you would be best advised to note that A) homosexuality does not appear to run in families. B) identical twins are no more likely than fraternal twins to share their twin's homosexual orientation. C) researchers have been able to create female fruit flies that, during courtship, act like males. D) homosexual men tend to have more homosexual relatives on their mother's side of the family than on their father's side of the family.

D) homosexual men tend to have more homosexual relatives on their mother's side of the family than on their father's side of the family.

Research suggests that after 18-year-old Kalani has looked at magazine pictures of sexually attractive women, he will be A) more likely to perceive himself as attractive. B) more likely to perceive his girlfriend as attractive. C) less likely to perceive himself as attractive. D) less likely to perceive his girlfriend as attractive.

D) less likely to perceive his girlfriend as attractive.

On mental rotation tasks, gays and lesbians have been observed to score ________ than heterosexual men and ________ than heterosexual women. A) higher; higher B) lower; lower C) higher; lower D) lower; higher

D) lower; higher

Evidence that brain anatomy differences account for variations in sexual orientation is provided by the fact that these brain differences A) fully account for gender differences in erotic plasticity. B) are triggered by the segregation of sexes at the time one's sex drive matures. C) explain the elevated rates of depression experienced by gays and lesbians. D) seem to develop soon after or even before birth.

D) seem to develop soon after or even before birth.

An enduring sexual attraction toward members of one's own sex, the other sex, or both sexes is called our A) sexual response cycle. B) social script. C) erotic plasticity. D) sexual orientation.

D) sexual orientation.

Julie, a 35-year-old physician, is lesbian. Her friend Cindy, a 38-year-old hospital administrator, is heterosexual. Julie and Cindy most clearly differ in their A) erotic plasticity. B) refractory periods. C) sexual response cycle. D) sexual orientation.

D) sexual orientation.

A mother's immune system may have a defensive response to substances produced by male fetuses. This is most likely to contribute to A) erotic plasticity. B) female orgasmic disorder. C) sexually transmitted infections. D) the fraternal birth-order effect.

D) the fraternal birth-order effect.

In one survey, 72 percent of sexually active 12- to 17-year-old American girls said A) they never use condoms during sex. B) they abstain from alcohol prior to sex. C) none of their close friends were sexually active. D) they regretted having had sex.

D) they regretted having had sex.

The refractory period is the A) moment before orgasm during which sexual arousal is maintained at a fairly high level. B) stage of the sexual response cycle during which sexual excitation reaches its climax. C) span of the monthly female reproductive cycle during which ovulation occurs. D) time span after orgasm during which a man cannot be aroused to another orgasm

D) time span after orgasm during which a man cannot be aroused to another orgasm

Which of the following is NOT a gay-straight trait difference? A) gender nonconformity B) occupational preferences C) relative finger lengths D) visual depth perception

D) visual depth perception

Which factors have researchers thus far found to be unrelated to the development of our sexual orientation?

Researchers have found no evidence that any environment mental factor (parental relationships, childhood experiences, peer relationships, or dating experiences) influences the development of our sexual orientation.

Which THREE of the following five factors contribute to unplanned teen pregnancies? a. Alcohol use b. Higher intelligence level c. Unprotected sex d. Mass media model e. Increased communication about options

a (Aocohol use), c (unprotected sex), d (mass media model)

Which THREE of the following five factors have researchers found to have an effect on sexual orientation? a. A domineering mother b. The size of certain cell clusters in the hypothalamus c. Prenatal hormone exposure d. A distant or ineffectual father e. For men, having multiple older biological brothers

b. The size of certain cell clusters in the hypothalamus c. Prenatal hormone exposure e. For men, having multiple older biological brothers

In describing the sexual response cycle, Masters and Johnson noted that a. a plateau phase follows orgasm. b. men experience a refractory period during which they cannot experience orgasm. c. the feeling that accompanies orgasm is stronger in men than in women. d. testosterone is released equally in women and men.

b. men experience a refractory period during which they

A striking effect of hormonal changes on human sexual behavior is the a. end of sexual desire in men over 60. b. sharp rise in sexual interest at puberty. c. decrease in women's sexual desire at the time of ovulation. d. increase in testosterone levels in castrated males.

b. sharp rise in sexual interest at puberty.

An example of an external stimulus that might influence sexual behavior is a. blood level of testosterone. b. the onset of puberty. c. a sexually explicit film. d. an erotic fantasy or dream.

c. a sexually explicit film.