Module 2 Quizzes

"Possible selves" a. occur when one loses his or her sense of identify, especially at times of change. b. occur at the beginning of adolescence when people begin to develop their identify. c. refers to one's conception about who he or she might be in the future. d. refers to the belief that one can be the best in what they do, affecting motivation to perform in a positive way.

c

A significant criticism of Asch's line study is a. the lines were too similar. b. there were not enough people in the groups. c. he measured compliance, a lesser form of conformity d. the use of only women in the study.

c

Aggression in response to self-esteem threats is more likely to occur in people who are a. High in self-esteem b. Low in self-esteem c. Narcissistic d. Self-defeating

c

In Milgram's experiment, the percentage of people who delivered the highest level when they only heard the "learner" (i.e., the original experiment) was a. nearly 15% b. nearly 45% c. nearly 65% d. nearly 85%

c

In which scenario is a person LEAST likely to comply with a command to do something if the behavior may potentially hurt another person? a. if they see the person. b. if they have to touch the person. c. if someone else refuses. d. if the authority figure is a different room

c

Inferences that people draw about the causes of events, their own behavior, and others' behavior are called a. Snap judgments b. Self-fulfilling prophecies c. Attributions d. Attitudes

c

Keisha is upset when a textbook is stolen, but she feels better after she hears that a classmate's book bag, including her cell phone and wallet, was stolen. This is an example of a. The self-serving bias b. Basking in reflected glory c. Downward comparison d. Self-handicapping

c

Low self-esteem is associated with a. Happiness b. High trust of others c. Self-concept confusion d. Recovering after failure experiences

c

Muzafer Sherif's (1954) study of 11 year old male campers (i.e., Rattlers & Eagles) showed a. expectations create prejudice. b. attributions are the primary source of prejudice. c. competition breeds prejudice. d. identity distortion breeds prejudice.

c

Receivers who are forewarned that someone will try to persuade them will most likely a. Be very open to persuasion b. Listen intently but openly argue with the speaker c. Be more resistant to persuasion d. Heckle the persuader

c

Research on conformity that was discussed in class & in the lecture suggest that a. the more people in a group, the greater the influence. b. the fewer people in a group, the greater the influence. c. groups of 4 (self & 3 others) exert about the same amount of influence as groups of 8 or 15. d. group size only influences our behavior in the presence of an authority figure.

c

Research shows that individuals from a variety of cultures a. Agree on the facial expressions that correspond with all emotions b. Agree on the facial expressions that correspond with fifteen basic emotions c. Agree on the facial expressions that correspond with six basic emotions d. Do not agree on the facial expressions that correspond with any emotions

c

Self-attributions are conceptualized based on three different dimensions. Which of the below answers is NOT one of those dimensions? a. internal vs. external b. controllable vs. uncontrollable c. environment vs. genetic d. stable vs. unstable

c

Self-disclosure can be described along the dimensions of a. internal and external b. verbal and non-verbal c. breadth and depth d. avoidant and collaborative

c

The fundamental attribution error is a. the tendency to attribute one's own behavior to personal factors. b. the tendency to attribute one's own behavior to situational factors. c. the tendency to attribute others' behavior to personal factors. d. the tendency to attribute others' behavior to situational factors.

c

The type of conflict management style that optimizes the outcome for all parties is referred to as a. consistent b. competitive c. collaborative d. compromising e. continuing

c

When charities send prospective donors free address labels and the like, which of the following social influence principles are they manipulating? a. The consistency principle b. The scarcity principle c. The reciprocity principle d. The foot-in-the-door principle

c

Which of the following reactions to a news account of a rape illustrates a defensive attribution on the part of a female? a. Most men are animals. b. Policemen don't consider rape to be serious. c. The victim probably asked for it. d. Women need training in self-defense.

c

With regard to self-disclosure, it is best to a. Share a lot about yourself when you first meet someone b. Share very little about yourself for a long time c. Gradually share information about yourself d. Give no personal information on a first encounter, but share a lot the next time

c

Which of the following statements about self-efficacy is true? a. It can be developed by persevering through failure until one achieves success. b. It is something that one is born with. c. It is essentially the same as self-esteem. d. It refers to conscious efforts to make a certain impression on others.

a

Which of the following statements is not true about the self-concept? a. It is composed of one dominant belief about the self. b. It is composed of many self-beliefs. c. It is relatively stable over time. d. It influences present as well as future behavior.

a

Who is most likely to invade one interpersonal space or "territory?" a. a person with high self-esteem b. a person of higher status c. a person from a collectivist culture d. a person high in self-monitoring

a

What types of nonverbal cues about deception does the text focus? a. visual and non-visual b. vocal and nonvocal c. language and touch d. vocal and visual e. facial and body language

d

When people change their outward behavior but not their private beliefs, __________ is operating. a. Conformity b. Persuasion c. Obedience d. Compliance

d

Which of the following is not a component of the interpersonal communication process? a. The sender b. The receiver c. The channel d. The monitor

d

Which of the following is not a theme in person perception? a. Efficiency b. Selectivity c. Consistency d. Mindfulness

d

A person who says just what he or she is thinking and feeling, and is sometimes surprised, even embarrassed, by the reactions of others would probably be considered a(n) a. low self-monitor b. high self-monitor c. authentic personality d. high self-discrepancy person

a

According to research, which of the following cues is associated with dishonesty? a. Speaking with a higher than normal pitch b. Speaking slowly c. Giving relatively long answers to questions d. Lack of eye contact

a

Generally, the most productive style for managing conflict is a. Collaboration b. Compromise c. Accommodation d. Avoidance

a

Old-fashioned discrimination is __________; modern discrimination is __________. a. Blatant; subtle b. Legal; illegal c. Common; rare d. Race based; gender based

a

Proxemics refers to a. the study of people's use of interpersonal space b. the study of communication through body movements. c. universal nature of facial expressions d. all vocal uses other than the content of the message

a

Research (i.e., data) on social identity (SI) theory indicates that when our SI is threatened, we are most likely to a. favor ingroups b. favor outgroups c. disparage outgroups d. both answers a & b are correct e. both answers a & c are correct

a

Stereotype threats lead to a. lower performance. b. greater acceptance of others. c. external attributions. d. an increase prejudice.

a

The results of Milgram's (1963) study imply that a. Situational factors can exert tremendous influence over behavior b. In the real world, most people resist pressures to act in harmful ways c. Most people are willing to give obviously wrong answers on rigged perceptual tasks d. Disobedience is far more common than obedience

a

Which of the following is not a basic principle of self-perception? a. People are "cognitive spenders" b. People's explanatory style is related to adjustment c. People want to receive information that is consistent with their self-views d. People want to maintain positive feelings about the self

a

A type of personality that is associated with maintaining many prejudices is referred to as a. self-serving b. authoritarian c. hardy d. permissive

b

According to the interpersonal communication model, which statement is FALSE? a. Communication always involves sender(s) & receiver(s). b. Communication always involves verbal information. c. Noise is internal and/or external factors that interfere with communication. d. All social communication involves some context.

b

According to the text, which of the following is NOT one of the processes that guides self-understanding (i.e., self-concept maintenance)? a. accuracy b. efficiency c. self-enhancement d. consistency

b

Compared to attitudes formed via the peripheral route, those formed via the central route a. Operate subliminally b. Are more enduring and harder to change c. Last only a short time d. Are poor predictors of behavior

b

Mismatches between one's actual and ought selves result in lower self-esteem and a. Dejection-related feelings b. Agitation-related feelings c. Feelings of self-enhancement d. No particular feelings

b

One self-concept is most similar which concept below? a. self-esteem b. self-schemas c. self-regulation d. self-promotion

b

One way to self-enhance is to sabotage one's efforts so there is an excuse for poor performance, for example, I injured my ankle warming up and that is why I did not run well for the race. This reflects which process? a. self-serving bias b. self-handicapping c. basking in reflected glory d. downward comparisons

b

Paraphrasing is an important aspect of a. Nonverbal communication b. Active listening c. Communication apprehension d. Assertiveness

b

When people engage in pseudolistening, it is usually due to a. Ambushing b. Self-preoccupation c. Motivational distortion d. Defensiveness

b

Which nonverbal communication cue shows the smallest cultural differences? a. personal space b. facial expressions c. haptics d. eye contact e. hand gestures

b

Which of the following is a cause of prejudice? a. Mindfulness b. Right-wing authoritarianism c. The fundamental attribution error d. Activities based on superordinate goals

b

Which of the following is not a potential source of cognitive distortion in perception? a. Categorizing b. The bystander effect c. Stereotypes d. Defensive attribution

b

Which of the following is not an aspect of nonverbal communication? a. Facial expressions b. Homogamy c. Posture d. Gestures

b

Which of the following will not help you build higher self-esteem? a. Minimizing negative self-talk b. Comparing yourself with those who are the best in a given area c. Working to improve yourself d. Approaching others with positive expectations

b

Zimbardo Stanford prison simulation experiment investigated a. social categorization b. social roles c. right-wing authoritarianism d. fundamental attribution error

b

A person reared in a collectivist culture is likely to have a(n) __________ self-view, whereas a person reared in an individualistic culture is likely to have a(n) __________ self-view. a. Self-discrepant; self-consistent b. Self-consistent; self-discrepant c. Independent; interdependent d. Interdependent; independent

d

As a source of information about ourselves, according to social comparison theory, we tend to compare ourselves with a reference group comprised of people who we perceive as a. better than us b. inferior to us c. similar to us d. any of the answers may apply in different situations.

d

Authoritative parents have children with higher self-esteems. This means the parents are a. low on control and low on support/acceptance. b. high on control and low on social support/acceptance. c. low on control and high on social support/acceptance. d. high on control and high on social support/acceptance.

d

Expressing your thoughts directly and honestly without trampling on other people is a description of which communication style? a. Aggressive b. Empathetic c. Submissive d. Assertive

d

Factors important in reducing inter-group hostility include all of the following EXCEPT: a. working on a common goal b. successful group outcomes c. making meaningful connections d. ensuring good leadership structures

d

Gender differences in nonverbal communication among people in the USA are often explain by a. age differences. b. ethnic differences. c. religious differences. d. status differences.

d

One's belief about one's ability to perform behaviors that should lead to expected (i.e., desirable) outcomes is: a. self-esteem. b. self-concept. c. self-identity. d. self-efficacy. e. self-awareness. f. self-regulation.

d

Self-discrepancies are important because a. they drive people to be the best they can be. b. of their rarity, they allow researchers a better understanding of the self. c. they predict occupational success and failure. d. as they outnumber self-constancies, negative emotions may arise.

d

The conflict style that reflects low concern for self and low concern for other is a. Competing/forcing b. Compromising c. Accommodating d. Avoiding/withdrawing

d

The self-presentation strategy of ingratiation involves trying to make others a. Respect you b. Fear you c. Feel sorry for you d. Like you

d

After reading the text, one can say person perception is marked by: a. multiple sources of information b. distortion c. efficiency d. answer a & b are both correct, making this the best answer e. answers a, b, & c are correct, making this the best answer

e

General principles/descriptors of nonverbal communication include all EXCEPT? a. multi-channeled b. ambiguous c. contradictory d. culturally-bound e. there are no exceptions, making this the best answer

e

Which of the statements about prejudice and discrimination are TRUE? a. Prejudice is any negative behavior directed at others based upon group membership. b. Prejudice can occur without discrimination. c. Discrimination can occur without prejudice. d. Over the past 50 years, "old-fashioned" prejudice and discrimination against minority groups have diminished in the U.S.A. e. Only answers a & d are true. f. Only answers b & c are true. g. Only answers b, c, & d are true. h. Only answers a, b, & c are true. i. Answers a, b, c, & d are true.

g